The empowerment of women dairy farmers in India

This study explores the role of communication in the empowerment process of female dairy farmers in India, through a program that particularly draws on the theoretical perspectives of Paulo Freire and Saul Alinsky regarding empowerment. Female dairy fanners who participated in this communication program were more empowered than female dairy farmers who did not participate.     

无盘工作站及瘦客户机/服务器在图书情报工作中的应用

论文介绍了计算机分布式计算模式及瘦客户机/服务器模式的工作原理,以及瘦客户机/服务器模式在图书情报工作中应用的实例.     

Habermas,emancipation, and relationship change: An exploration of recovery processes as a model for social transformation

Critical theory provides an opportunity for exploring the interaction between individual and social change. The aim of this article is to demonstrate how the recovery movement provides an instance of critical theory in action. Drawing from critical theorists, recovery movement literature, and interview data, this article examines points of comparison between the recovery movement and critical theory. Common core assumptions, including a reliance on systems theory and social constructionism, a rejection of positivism, notions of ‘distorted’ communication and self‐reflection, and the centrality of the family in social processes, are among the similarities examined.     

Collection management at heythrop College: The contribution of the academic staff through the medium of individual library interviews

The library of Heythrop College, University of London, has a number of unusual features which influence the management of the collection. To date, however, it has operated without a formal collection management policy. As a contribution to the process of producing such a policy, the study described asked key questions about the role of the Library and the resources available to through interviews with the most influential stakeholders, the academic staff.

On the basis of interviews with the twenty‐nine permanent staff and seven other key stakeholders, expectations about the role of the Library were considered and the fitness of the collection for the purposes required of it are assessed. Some specific issues raised by the interviews, affecting the Library's collection management, are considered. In particular the provision of multiple copies, electronic resources and the ‘explosion’ of publishing are discussed. The usefulness of the staff interview as a collection management tool is also examined.     

University copyright/scholarly communication offices: Analysis of their services and staff profile

Questions surrounding copyright and its impact on the possibilities of using scientific articles, theses, and other types of intellectual works have been growing in volume and complexity. Several studies show that neither university professors nor students possess adequate knowledge or are prepared to face such issues. This void has a negative impact on academic activities. In view of the situation, some university libraries have dedicated special effort to provide their users with more specific information related to these topics, giving rise to the new professional profile of copyright librarian, or even developing a new library section denominated copyright office. This new role has gradually expanded to deal with more global problems of scholarly communication. The present study analyzes the services offered by these offices and the professional and academic profile of the staff involved. Results point to a healthy degree of maturity and consolidation, together with a gradual broadening of the subject areas they cover.     

The flight attendant dilemma: an analysis of communication and sensemaking during in-flight emergencies

Building on past research, this article argues that organizational life can be usefully construed as a series of communicative performances that are embedded and enacted in everyday discursive practices. Specifically, this research explores the sensemaking process individuals undertake when faced with the dilemma of knowing when to invent appropriate ways to respond rather than being automatically constrained by past routines. The research presents case study evidence drawn from participant observation and interviews with flight attendants from a major U.S. airline. Shown to be high in emotional and impression management, flight attendants perform a feminized role that privileges accommodation over authority and reassurance over safety that may influence their performances in emergency situations. The work ends with an evaluation of the dominant air travel performance in relation to safety and offers recommendations for facilitating communication and coordination among flight attendants and pilots.     

The flight attendant dilemma: an analysis of communication and sensemaking during in-flight emergencies

Building on past research, this article argues that organizational life can be usefully construed as a series of communicative performances that are embedded and enacted in everyday discursive practices. Specifically, this research explores the sensemaking process individuals undertake when faced with the dilemma of knowing when to invent appropriate ways to respond rather than being automatically constrained by past routines. The research presents case study evidence drawn from participant observation and interviews with flight attendants from a major U.S. airline. Shown to be high in emotional and impression management, flight attendants perform a feminized role that privileges accommodation over authority and reassurance over safety that may influence their performances in emergency situations. The work ends with an evaluation of the dominant air travel performance in relation to safety and offers recommendations for facilitating communication and coordination among flight attendants and pilots.     

The hospital library online--a point of service for consumers and hospital staff: a case study.

The Health Library at Stanford University is described in the context of electronic information services provided to Stanford University Medical Center, the local community, and Internet users in general. The evolution from CD-ROM-based services to Web-based services and in-library services to networked resources are described. Electronic services have expanded the mission of The Health Library to include national and international users and the provision of unique services and collections.     

The condition is critical: continuing professional development of library and information services staff

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The information needs of perioperative staff: a preparatory study for a proposed specialist library for theatres (NeLH)

AIMS/OBJECTIVES: To undertake an information-needs analysis of operating theatre staff in order to inform the development of a specialist library of the National Electronic Library of Health (NeLH). SETTING: Three hospitals in an NHS Trust in a rural county in the north of England. METHODS: In-depth interviews, during which staff were questioned in regard to their job roles and information needs, information-seeking behaviour, access to computers, use and perceptions of the NeLH, and what they would like from a specialist library. RESULTS: Information needs were found to concern direct care, professional and academic development, medical devices knowledge and administration. Currency and speed of delivery were the key information requirements. Poor communication appeared to be a major problem for many staff and inhibited efficient information exchange. When using the Web, both clinical and non-clinical staff searched in a similar fashion to health consumers generally, despite their need for highly specialist information. Most respondents reacted warmly to the idea of the proposed National Electronic Library for Theatre Staff (NeLTS) and made several practical suggestions for suitable material. However, access was problematic for nurses and might prove to be an obstacle to take-up of the Specialist Library. CONCLUSIONS: Communication difficulties, the fragmentation of data in the field and the consequent difficulties of finding information point to the need for an NeLTS. However, for this library to embrace and succeed with all the various groups that constitute the operating theatre staff, issues of access and digital literacy need to be addressed.     

档案数字化面临的风险及其防控

档案数字化建设需要投入大量的人力、物力,面临着安全保密和数字档案真实性、完整性、可读性维护等方面的风险。全面、客观认识档案数字化面临的风险,积极做好应对档案数字化风险的思想、知识、技术、人才、资金、标准、制度等方面的准备,采取有效措施做好风险防控工作,对于顺利开展档案数字化工作具有十分重要的作用。     

Distinguishing technologies for social interaction: The perceived social affordances of communication channels scale

The concept of affordances in communication technology research has proven to be heuristically provocative, yet perceived affordances are rarely measured. After extracting commonly cited social affordances from the literature, we developed a measure to assess participants’ perceptions of these affordances. The scale was tested across eight communication channels in two studies (face-to-face; texting; phone; email; posts on social networking sites, specifically Facebook; instant messaging; Skype videoconferencing; and mobile app Snapchat). A factor structure was developed in Study 1 and confirmed in Study 2. The resultant Perceived Social Affordances of Communication Channels Scale includes 41 items measuring 10 communicative affordances: accessibility, bandwidth, social presence, privacy, network association, personalization, persistence, editability, conversation control, and anonymity. Potential methodological and theoretical applications are discussed.     

Informing choice: The organization of institutional interaction in clinical midwifery care

Researchers in LIS have called for the study of the social practices out of which informing is achieved. This article analyzes the informed choice discussion (ICD) between midwives and childbearing women as a form of institutional interaction that accomplishes informing. The ICD institutionally presumes a woman to have information needs that must be met before she can make a decision. Conversation analysis, a method commonly used to study practitioner–client interaction but little used in LIS, is employed to identify the unique “fingerprint” of the ICD. Analysis shows how participants develop a joint sense of the interactional tasks of informing and deciding. As an ideal, informed choice divides the cognitive labor: informing is midwife-led and deciding is client-led. In practice, however, informing and deciding are intertwined to such an extent that their resolution is neither automatic nor straightforward but must be negotiated. To be accepted as adequate, a decision must also be deemed adequately informed. Difficulties in negotiating transitions can result in one speaker treating a decision as resolved while another treats it as still open. Analyzing the fingerprints of institutional informing interactions can provide a starting point for analyzing the interactional accomplishment of informing in other settings.     

Library Automation at The University for Development Studies: Challenges and Prospects

The automation of a library that basically aims at improving the management of the library's resources and increasing access to these same resources by users has caught on so well in the western world that virtually all academic libraries in that part of the world have automated most of their services. In Africa, however, several challenges are making it difficult for academic libraries to do the same, thus depriving them of the numerous touted benefits a library stands to gain from automating its services. The University for Development Studies (UDS) Library in Northern Ghana embarked on an automation project on one of its campuses that has thus far resulted in the full automation of the cataloguing and circulation operations. This article recounts the experiences of the Library in its bid to automate some of its services. The procedures that were followed, as well as the highlights of the automation, are recounted here. Lessons learned and challenges encountered are presented as an example for other academic libraries in Ghana, Africa, and other developing countries that have plans to automate.