基于WEB教学资源的共享与共建体系研究

该文提出教学资源必须共享与共建。实现教学资源的共享与共建要遵循三个要点:即由资源中心和资源工厂构成的良好运营体系;使用以XML为中心的技术体系;建立基于CORBA中间件的分布式网络体系结构。     

Collective construction of the self and social relationships: a rejoinder and some extensions

This commentary elaborates on the basic thesis developed by Rothbaum, Pott, Azuma, Miyake, and Weisz and underscores the significance of the co-constructive process of the self and social relationship. Implications for future cultural psychological inquiry in this area are discussed.     

Grounding intervention research in the larger context of schooling: A response to Pressley and Harris

In addition to the factors identified by Pressley and Harris for researchers to attend to in designing and conducting intervention research, it is important that this research be grounded in a practical-oriented framework that considers the dynamics of the school setting. This article argues that intervention researchers should solicit the input of practitioners in designing and operationalizing interventions through a co-constructive process, clearly spell out intervention protocols in language that can be understood and followed by practitioners, view interventions within the complex realities of schools, and insure that outcomes of interventions are both statistically and socially significant.     

青少年内隐智力观视阈下的干预讨论

本研究通过阈下干预前后IAT效应的对比,验证评价性条件反射技术结合阈下劝说技术对于被试内隐智力观改变的有效性,并得出结论:内隐智力观可以通过阈下评价性条件反射技术加以改变,且改变效果显著。     

高职院校国际化评价反思

目前对高职院校国际化评价的研究重点多放在了如何构建层面,缺少前提性的理念梳理。而如何认识高职院校国际化评价,进而在实践中衡量和指导国际化进程,则是当前要面临的重要理念问题。本文基于对高职院校国际化评价在内涵和过程上的认识,认为评价体系的构建首先应在理念上予以反思,即整合价值取向、实现主体共建和鼓励特色引导,从而构建有“职业”特色的高职院校国际化评价体系。     

高校课堂教学质量学生评价机制的思考

目前学生评价主要指学生评价课程教学质量这一形式,在实践中形成了较为成熟的学生评价体系和相对比较稳定的学生评价模式。但是,学生评价机制存在教学主体＂缺失＂、价值双方＂错位＂、评价目的和结果的使用之间相冲突、学生评价等同＂学生评教＂等问题。重视评价对象的差异性、转变评价范式、优化学生评价系统等措施,有利于优化学生评价机制。     

Expanding client worldviews: Investigating developmental counselling and therapy assumptions

Developmental Counselling and Therapy (DCT) represents a co-constructive, developmental, and integrative approach to individual treatment. DCT posits that introducing specific and consistent therapeutic questioning strategies, corresponding to four different cognitive-developmental orientations or worldviews, enables clients to gain an extended perspective on their presenting issues, and thus to recognize a broad range of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral change options. To test this assumption, two investigations involving Japanese subjects were conducted. The findings from both studies indicate that consistent phrasing of therapeutic questions, targeted at specific cognitive-developmental orientations, facilitates subjects to expand their ability to discuss historical events and personality attributes from multiple perspectives. Clinical and research considerations are outlined.     

Evaluative reviews in universities: The influence of public policies

This article addresses issues raised by the conduct of evaluative review processes in the context of public policies. Some examples and outcomes of evaluative reviewing are discussed. The first sections deal with: the necessity for evaluative reviews, their parameters (including their scope and initiation, the levels at which they are conducted, the composition of review committees, information for evaluative reviews, completion of the review process) and the implementation of review recommendations. The significance is examined of evaluative reviews in universities for public policy, inter-institutional and intra-institutional arrangements and for the activities of individual staff members. It is concluded that if universities are to avoid having dramatic change imposed on them by governments through control of finances, they should initiate a continuous review of their role, structure and function designed to maintain access to and the quality of university education.     

Developing evaluative judgement: enabling students to make decisions about the quality of work

Evaluative judgement is the capability to make decisions about the quality of work of oneself and others. In this paper, we propose that developing students’ evaluative judgement should be a goal of higher education, to enable students to improve their work and to meet their future learning needs: a necessary capability of graduates. We explore evaluative judgement within a discourse of pedagogy rather than primarily within an assessment discourse, as a way of encompassing and integrating a range of pedagogical practices. We trace the origins and development of the term ‘evaluative judgement’ to form a concise definition then recommend refinements to existing higher education practices of self-assessment, peer assessment, feedback, rubrics, and use of exemplars to contribute to the development of evaluative judgement. Considering pedagogical practices in light of evaluative judgement may lead to fruitful methods of engendering the skills learners require both within and beyond higher education settings.     

Effects of Test Anxiety and Evaluative Threat on Students' Achievement and Motivation

Abstract

Identification of factors that influence post-secondary student achievement and motivation in the classroom continues to be an important educational objective. The author investigated the interactive effects of learner characteristic, test anxiety, and the classroom variable, threat of evaluation, on the achievement and motivation of 61 postsecondary students assigned randomly to high- or low-evaluative threat conditions. Statistically significant interactions revealed that all the students, particularly the test-anxious students, performed poorly and were less motivated when exposed to highly evaluative classrooms. The findings expand previous research and should be considered by professors when they design and implement higher education courses.     

高职院校教学质量评价存在的问题及对策

全面提高教学质量是我国高职教育改革与发展的核心问题,是实现高职教育可持续发展的根本出发点,是高职院校的立校之本;分析了高职院校教学质量评价中存在的突出问题,并从评价主体、评价内容、评价的全面性和系统性及信息反馈等方面提出改进意见。     

多元智能条件下实验课程考核评价体系的构建

提出了在多元智能条件下构建实验课程考核评价体系的思路和方法,尝试通过多元化的评价主体,多元化的评价指标,以过程评价表为依托,建立多元化的评价体系.更好地激发学生实验学习的积极性、主动性,开发学生的各种潜能,培养学生的创造精神和实践能力,促进学生的全面发展.     

The impact of disciplinary background and teaching experience on the use of evaluative language in teacher feedback

This study was designed to examine secondary teachers’ use of evaluative language resources in their qualitative written feedback on student work and factors shaping the deployment of such resources. Drawing on appraisal theory as an analytic framework for the language of evaluation, the study analyzed 84 teachers’ evaluative reports on their students’ research projects. The teachers’ use of several types of evaluative language was found to differ along the lines of disciplinary background and teaching experience. These results can be explained by disciplinarily valued dispositions, epistemological beliefs, knowledge-making practices, and varying knowledge of (in)effective feedback resulting from cumulative teaching experience. Implications are derived from these findings for developing teachers’ competence in using evaluative language effectively to provide feedback that can support and maximize students’ learning.     

“校中厂”教学模式下学生课程考核和学业评价方式探索

推行“校中厂”教学模式,需要建立一套与之相适应的、有利于学生发展的、以考核学生的职业技能为核心的学生课程考核和学业评价体系。评价体系建立应该采用评价原则多样化、评价方式过程化、评价内容扩展化、评价主体多元化的改革思路,并以模具专业为例,对核心专业课程考核评价进行了探索。     

Implicit attitudes toward children may be unrelated to child abuse risk

Objective

To explore whether adults possess implicit attitudes toward children and whether those attitudes are especially negative among respondents who are high in child physical abuse (CPA) risk.

Methods

The present study used an implicit evaluative priming procedure. In this procedure, participants were instructed to make decisions about the evaluative implications of target words. These words were preceded by photographs of child faces or adult faces displaying positive, neutral, or negative expressions. Reaction times for the evaluative decisions were used as an index of the extent to which photos invoked negative or positive evaluative reactions.

Results

Results from 2 studies, the first conducted on a student sample (N = 90) and the second on a parent sample (N = 95), demonstrated that evaluative congruence between the facial expressions displayed in photographs and the target words facilitated responses. Furthermore, the results suggested that regardless of CPA risk, child faces, relative to adult faces, facilitated responses to negative target words, suggesting an out-group bias. This implicit out-group bias was not moderated by respondents’ CPA risk status.

Conclusions

Faces of children, relative to faces of adults, appear to activate negative information structures that facilitate evaluative decisions of negative stimuli, suggesting an out-group bias. Given that out-group biases typically lead to less favorable treatment of out-group members, additional research is needed to examine the pervasiveness of negative evaluative biases towards children and the potential implications of such biases on children's lives. Further, research examining whether high CPA risk parents and low CPA risk parents differ in how they manage initial negative evaluative reactions is needed.     

地理野外实习成绩评定方法探讨

就学生野外实习成绩的综合考评方法进行了探讨。主要从如何选取评定因素，建立合理的指标体系；制定各考评指标内容；确定指标权重和等级标准；成绩评定的组织实施４个方面进行了论述。     

Flavor evaluative conditioning and contingency awareness

The relationship between flavor evaluative conditioning and contingency awareness was examined in two experiments using flavored drinks. In Experiment 1, one flavor was always paired with sugar and the other with bitter tween (polysorbate20) during conditioning. In a subsequent test phase, participants tasted the two flavors, and their evaluative ratings indicated an overall preference for the sugar-paired flavor. Moreover, participants were generally able to report which flavor had been paired with sugar and which with tween. This finding was replicated and confirmed in Experiment 2A. Furthermore, in both experiments, evaluative conditioning was seen only in those participants who were aware of the contingencies. Experiment 2B demonstrated that evaluative conditioning does not occur to colors, although participants are contingency aware. The differences between the present findings and prior studies, in which apparently unaware flavor conditioning has been found, are discussed.     

So young and already victims of stereotype threat: Socio-economic status and performance of 6 to 9 years old children on Raven’s progressive matrices

The aim of this study was to verify whether children from low socio-economic status (SES) are victims of stereotype threat. Children in first grade (6 to 7 years old) and third grade (8 to 9 years old) performed Raven’s progressive matrices, an intellectual ability test commonly used by psychologists. The test was presented either with the (evaluative) instructions recommended by Raven et al. (1998) or with non evaluative instructions. Children’s SES and beliefs concerning differences of abilities at school as a function of SES were also assessed. The results indicated that, as early as first grade, participants believed that children from high SES are better at school than children from low SES. Furthermore, low SES participants’ performance on the Raven’s matrices was lower in the evaluative condition than in the non evaluative condition. The experimental instructions did not affect high SES participants’ performance. The discussion explores implications of these results in the use of standardized tests to assess the intellectual abilities of low SES children.     

英语学术论文摘要中态度用语的人际功能分析

从人际意义的视角,依据评价理论中的态度系统作为理论框架,利用sys-coder软件对60篇英文期刊论文摘要中使用的评价性的态度用语进行了定性和定量分析。结果表明,看似客观性的摘要中也隐含着主观评价来引导读者的阅读。进一步探讨了摘要作者如何利用显性和隐性的鉴赏性态度用语进行礼貌协商,从而达到说服读者的目的。     

Priorities and program effectiveness in teacher education: A study of the perceptions of teachers in training and their tutors

The study solicited opinions of teachers and faculty on University of the West Indies teacher education courses about importance of teaching skills and program effectiveness. Interpersonal, curriculum and evaluative skills were found to be the most important. The high importance of interpersonal skills applied only to interactions with students. Interactions with other teachers and parents was consistently lowest in importance. Other low priorities were managerial and methodological skills. Few significant teacher faculty differences were found. In general program effectiveness showed strong positive correlation with order of importance of skills, contrasting with the tendency to negative correlations in the literature reviewed. High involvement of faculty in classroom activity is considered a possible factor influencing these results.