Knowing in action: Beyond communities of practice

This paper engages with the recent turn in the social sciences towards communities of practice as a driver of learning and knowledge generation across a variety of different working environments. While agreeing with the broad reinstatement of situated social practice in thinking on the dynamics of knowledge capitalism, the paper takes issue with the increasingly homogeneous and instrumentalist use of the term communities of practice to encapsulate ‘knowing in action’. On the basis of an extensive review of the available literature, the paper argues for the importance of differentiating between different varieties of knowing in action. The paper notes the differences - in organisation, spatial dynamics, innovation outcomes, and knowledge processes - between four modes: craft or task-based knowing; epistemic or high creativity knowing; professional knowing; and virtual knowing. The proposed typology is used to illustrate the insight gained from such analytical precision, through a discussion of the spatial configuration of knowing in action, long assumed to require spatial proximity. It is shown that spatial and relational proximity - which can be struck at a distance - should not be treated as one and the same.     

From hackers to start-ups: Innovation commons and local entrepreneurial activity

In hacker communities, tech-savvy pioneers collect and share information on nascent technologies. The pool of information shared among users reduces uncertainty about digital technology, but, first and foremost, it reveals entrepreneurial opportunities to users in the community, which is a central tenet of innovation commons theory. In this paper, we are first to explore the role of local hackerspaces for digital entrepreneurship in German counties using cross-sectional time series data. We find that longer-lasting hackerspaces are strongly correlated with the level of digital entrepreneurship in regions, particularly in agglomerations and urban contexts.     

基于Android平台的通知发布系统设计与开发

传统的通知发布系统,具有一定的局限性,不能够确保目标对象都能阅读到通知的内容。本文结合现今的趋势和用户的喜好,开发出一个基于Android平台的通知发布系统,这对于提高通知的时效性和传播性有很大的作用,确保通知内容能被每个通知对象所阅读。使用Android的UI设计、操作和代码的编写等相应的步骤,完成通知内容的输入、修改、查询、删除、统计等操作,通过Web作为服务端与Android客户端进行连接,达到通知对象阅读新闻的目的。     

The performativity of routines: Theorising the influence of artefacts and distributed agencies on routines dynamics

Drawing from advances in Organisational Studies and recent debates within Economic Sociology and the Sociology of Financial Markets, this paper proposes a theoretical framework that characterises the mutual adaptation between formal routines and rules, on one hand, and actual performances, on the other, as iterative cycles of framing, overflowing and reframing of knowledge inputs and actions. This framework, combined with the ethnographic observation of the ‘engineering freeze’ process at a leading automotive manufacturer, allows us to advance Routine Theory by (1) capturing the dynamics of convergence and divergence between procedures and performances; and (2) improving our understanding of the influence of artefacts and distributed agencies on routine evolution.     

图书馆践行群众路线探析

践行群众路线,是党中央在十八大上作出的重大战略部署,是顺应群众期盼的重大决策。图书馆作为文献和信息中心,知识的宝库,宣传的主阵地,要深刻认识学习实践活动的重要意义,结合图书馆实际,积极开展各项工作,推动图书馆事业发展。本文主要阐述了图书馆践行群众路线的基本方法和路径,供图书馆党务工作者借鉴。     

认知计算在网络安全态势感知中的应用研究

文章总结了认知计算领域国外学者和国内学者的研究文献,对认知计算的热点研究领域做了分析,对其在网络安全态势感知中的应用情况进行了回顾和总结,并构建了基于多MACDE环的网络安全态势认知计算模型。     

光电信息类专业应用型人才培养模式探索

光电信息科学与工程专业作为皖西学院新开专业,在人才的培养模式、课程体系的建设、师资队伍建设、创新实践平台建设等方面都处在探索阶段。根据国家对本科人才培养“宽口径、厚基础、强能力、高素质”的总体要求,本文从课程体系的建设、师资队伍建设、创新实践平台建设三个方面讨论了如何提高应用型人才培养质量。     

企业家专利意识对企业经济的影响—基于浙江的调研

文章以企业家专利意识对企业经济的影响为切入点,运用浙江省专利调研数据,将企业家专利意识,特别是有效的专利意识以虚拟变量的形式引入企业经济回归模型,实证研究了各调研地区企业家专利意识对企业经济的影响。结果表明:企业家专利意识总体上较高,但有效专利意识对企业经济的拉动作用不是很大等问题。针对上述存在问题,结合各地区企业家专利意识的政策性因素分析,从政府和企业角度提出对策建议。     

房地产管理类课程实训环节的设计与实施

伴随着我国教育教学的不断发展,也相应地促进了我国高校各个专业课程的不断优化,进而使专业课程设置更加科学,更加有利于培养学生的综合素质。在教学中,教师也更加注重采用科学的教学手段促进学生进一步发展。因此,本文重点探讨了房地产管理类课程实训环节的设计和实施。学生通过进行实训,提高专业技能,为日后进入企业工作打下良好的基础。     

大学音乐教育对生命教育的审美与觉知的开启

当代青年人在“三观”中出现种种问题,与生命教育的缺位有关。生命教育是教导通过审美与觉知追寻爱与幸福的教育,音乐教育通过听觉感官获得精神愉悦的审美感受,并通过对内在情绪的觉知思考正确的生活态度,最终目的与生命教育一致,因此可以利用音乐教育从节奏和冥想、以乐会友、审美觉知等方式加强生命教育。     

高校图书馆开放存取资源建设策略探讨

开放存取运动的兴起已经给我国高校图书馆信息资源建设带来了深刻影响。本文针对高校图书馆数字资源现状,提出了提高对开放存取的认知,对开放存取资源进行整合,构建本校特色开放资源库和实行开放资源共建共享等发展策略。     

Social and interactional practices for disseminating current awareness information in an organisational setting

Current awareness services are designed to keep users informed about recent developments based around user need profiles. In organisational settings, they may operate through both electronic and social interactions aimed at delivering information that is relevant, pertinent and current. Understanding these interactions can reveal the tensions in current awareness dissemination and help inform ways of making services more effective and efficient. We report an in-depth, observational study of electronic current awareness use within a large London law firm. The study found that selection, re-aggregation and forwarding of information by multiple actors gives rise to a complex sociotechnical distribution network. Knowledge management staff act as a layer of “intelligent filters” sensitive to complex, local information needs; their distribution decisions address multiple situational relevance factors in a situation fraught with information overload and restrictive time-pressures. Their decisions aim to optimise conflicting constraints of recall, precision and information quantity. Critical to this is the use of dynamic profile updates which propagate back through the network through formal and informal social interactions. This supports changes to situational relevance judgements and so allows the network to ‘self-tune’. These findings lead to design requirements, including that systems should support rapid assessment of information items against an individual’s interests; that it should be possible to organise information for different subsequent uses; and that there should be back-propagation from information consumers to providers, to tune the understanding of their information needs.     

——基于广东三个地级市的实证分析

公众科技风险防范意识的强弱影响其科技风险防范能力的培养与提高,公众对科技风险的主观认知和防范会因他们所在地区的不同而显现出差异性,欠发达地区公众的科技风险防范意识更显薄弱。实地调研广东韶关、河源和肇庆三市,结果表明公众对科技风险的理解和认知不足,去科普教育场所的次数少,机会少,缺乏了解科技风险的主动性和积极性。公众防范科技风险的重视程度不高,科技风险防范投入少,防范意识淡薄,防范观念落后。相关案例和数据的分析揭示了广东欠发达地区公众科技风险防范意识薄弱的多方面原因,据此提出了解决问题的系统性指导建议与对策。     

Challenges of scholarly publications on the Web to the evaluation of science—A comparison of author visibility on the Web and in print journals

This article reveals different patterns of scholarly communication in the XML research field on the Web and in print journals in terms of author visibility, and challenges the common practice of exclusively using the ISI’s databases to obtain citation counts as scientific performance indicators. Results from this study demonstrate both the importance and the feasibility of the use of multiple citation data sources in citation analysis studies of scholarly communication, and provide evidence for a developing “two tier” scholarly communication system.     

若干西方国家评估规范的特点与模式

对北美、欧洲及大洋洲等一些国家评估协会以及欧盟委员会、OECD组织的评估规范进行了系统综述,介绍了各国评估规范的发展历史、制定过程,及其相互之间的关系,并且进行了对比分析。最后,归纳了这些国家评估规范的不同特点与三种基本模式。     

论我国图书馆数字化的版权困境及对策

图书馆数字化传播面临版权障碍。对涉及版权的作品,图书馆只可向馆内读者开放其中极少部分,大量作品不能向馆内读者、更不能向馆外读者传播,致使数字图书馆存储量大、传播检索方便的优势被大大限制了。建议适当放宽图书馆数字化作品传播的范围,扩大公告许可使用的对象,同时完善配套措施和实施机制,既使图书馆数字化进程能加快,同时又恰当保护版权人的利益能实现。     

高校教师对创新型科技人才发展环境认知及改革意愿研究

本文基于全国61所高校503位教师的问卷调查,分析了高校教师对创新型科技人才发展环境认知情况,并对比了不同特征下高校教师参与创新型科技人才改革意愿。研究结果表明：科技投入不足是高校创新型科技人才科技工作面临的最突出问题,科技管理体制机制障碍是制约高校创新型科技人才发展的最主要瓶颈,提高收入是高校创新型科技人才亟待解决的最现实需求,科研激励是影响高校创新型科技人才创新能力提升的最关键因素,晋升是激励高校创新型科技人才创新最有效方式,政府和用人单位科技项目资助是高校创新型科技人才培养最有效途径。最后提出大力加大对高校科技投入,着力实现高校科技管理制度创新,快速提高高校科技人员收入,加强科技管理队伍建设等建议。     

虚拟实践社区中知识转移的语义交互模型研究

为了提高虚拟实践社区知识转移的质量,促进社区内的知识共享和创新,提出了一种基于语义级的虚拟实践社区知识转移模型构建方法。从虚拟实践社区区别于实践社区和虚拟社区的特殊性出发,运用混合本体方法构建了虚拟实践社区的知识集成框架;构建不同类型的知识转移消息的形式化模型,进而从内容感知的角度,结合相似度计算给出知识转移参与者的选择算法。基于本体构建的社区知识存储模型有利于用户间从语义层次上进行交互,提高社区内知识转移的效率和准确率。     

数字平台竞争问题综述和研究展望

作为数字经济时代的产物,平台企业在过去10年间实现了快速发展,与此同时,大型平台企业在崛起过程中产生的反竞争担忧也日益突出。世界各主要经济体都在加强立法和执法以遏制平台经济中的新型垄断行为。在此背景下,推动平台经济反垄断监管理论的创新发展具有重大学术价值与现实意义。本文结合经济学的前沿研究成果,详细梳理和论述了平台经济的基本特征和竞争机制,阐释平台经济发展过程中产生的典型竞争问题和传统反垄断分析范式在平台经济领域的局限性,在此基础上提出创新发展平台经济反垄断监管理论的关键科学问题,以期实现更为精准、有效和及时的监管。     

利益相关者环保导向与企业生态创新——高管环保意识的调节作用

以江浙沪144家制造和有形服务企业为样本,从制度理论和高阶理论的整合视角考察了利益相关者环保导向对生态创新的影响以及高管环保意识的权变效应。主要结论包括:第一,政府环保导向对生态产品创新具有显著正向影响,与生态工艺创新呈倒U型的关系;客户环保导向对生态管理创新具有显著正向影响,与生态产品创新呈倒U型的关系;竞争者环保导向对生态管理创新、生态工艺创新和生态产品创新均具有显著正向影响。第二,不同高管环保意识对不同利益相关者环保导向与不同生态创新的之间调节效应不同。