On test collections for adaptive information retrieval

Traditional Cranfield test collections represent an abstraction of a retrieval task that Sparck Jones calls the “core competency” of retrieval: a task that is necessary, but not sufficient, for user retrieval tasks. The abstraction facilitates research by controlling for (some) sources of variability, thus increasing the power of experiments that compare system effectiveness while reducing their cost. However, even within the highly-abstracted case of the Cranfield paradigm, meta-analysis demonstrates that the user/topic effect is greater than the system effect, so experiments must include a relatively large number of topics to distinguish systems’ effectiveness. The evidence further suggests that changing the abstraction slightly to include just a bit more characterization of the user will result in a dramatic loss of power or increase in cost of retrieval experiments. Defining a new, feasible abstraction for supporting adaptive IR research will require winnowing the list of all possible factors that can affect retrieval behavior to a minimum number of essential factors.     

基于布尔检索策略的问答系统性能研究

本文系统地研究和评价了问答系统（QA）中一系列可能的布尔检索策略。我们首先给出了两个评价指标：覆盖率和答案冗余度,它们被广泛的用于评价QA系统一些标准的排序检索系统的性能。其次我们考虑QA系统中的一些布尔检索策略,也就是如何从用户问题中产生布尔查询式并把与此查询相关的回答结果集返回给用户,然后评价查询的效果。本文的目的是理解如何产生更好的QA查询策略以及那些方法能更有效的实现这种策略。     

基于网格的信息检索系统体系结构研究

基于web的信息检索系统存在着异构web数据的互操作性、跨平台的数据访问和软件开发、调试与维护、可伸缩性和安全管理等问题。分析了WeblR的不足，基于网格环境的信息检索系统具有可伸缩性、灵活性和安全性等优点。提出基于网格的信息检索系统的体系结构及各网格服务的功能要求，GfidlR为GfidlR系统的进一步研究和开发提供了一种基本解决方案。     

A test of genetic algorithms in relevance feedback

There have been recent applications of genetic algorithms to information retrieval, mostly with respect to relevance feedback. Nevertheless, they are yet to be evaluated in a way that allows them to be compared with each other and with other relevance feedback techniques. We here implement the different genetic algorithms that have been applied in the literature together with some of our own variations, and evaluate them using the residual collection method described by Salton in 1990 for the evaluation of relevance feedback techniques. We compare the results with those of the Ide dec-hi method, which is one of the traditional methods that yields the best results.     

Retrieval parameter optimization using genetic algorithms

This paper describes our experiments on automatic parameter optimization for the Japanese monolingual retrieval task. Unlike regression approaches, we optimized parameters completely independently of retrieval models enabling the optimized parameter set to illustrate the characteristics of the target test collections. We adopted genetic algorithms as optimization tools and cross-validated with four test collections, namely the CLIR-J-J collections for NTCIR-3 to NTCIR-6. The most difficult retrieval parameters to optimize are the feedback parameters, because there are no principles for calibrating them. Our approach optimized feedback parameters and basic scoring parameters at the same time. Using test sets and validation sets, we achieved effectiveness levels comparable with very strong baselines, i.e., the best-performing NTCIR official runs.     

普适环境下工程监理管理系统框架研究

本文依据普适计算的相关技术构建了建设工程监理管理信息系统（PESS）框架,可以不受空间与地域的限制对施工现场进行监控,监理企业和施工企业可以随时随地访问集成分布在各地的监理信息,实现对监理核心功能＂三控二管一协调＂的信息化的支持。     

Using crowdsourcing for TREC relevance assessment

Crowdsourcing has recently gained a lot of attention as a tool for conducting different kinds of relevance evaluations. At a very high level, crowdsourcing describes outsourcing of tasks to a large group of people instead of assigning such tasks to an in-house employee. This crowdsourcing approach makes possible to conduct information retrieval experiments extremely fast, with good results at a low cost.     

智能电网中的云计算平台研究

统一坚强智能电网是未来电网发展的趋势,信息技术是其建设和发展的重要支撑,云计算为坚强智能电网下的海量数据处理、分析、存储、管理与计算平台提供了新的技术手段。为了更好地研究和利用云计算构建智能电网中的信息平台,首先对云计算进行了概述,总结了智能电网对信息平台的要求及云计算在智能电网中的应用,并结合已有研究对智能电网下云计算平台研究的新内容进行了讨论分析。     

网络环境下的信息系统审计问题及其发展策略

随着计算机与网络技术的快速发展,信息系统深入到各行各业,对信息系统进行审计成为一个现实的问题。我国信息系统审计还处于起步阶段,认清当前网络环境下信息系统审计现状,构建信息系统审计法律与规范体系,加强信息系统内部控制建设,开发先进的信息系统审计技术,建立完整的信息系统审计人才培养体系,对于我国信息系统审计发展有着积极作用。     

Evaluating books finding tools on social media: A case study of aNobii

A user study of aNobii was conducted with an aim to exploring possible criteria for evaluating social navigational tools. A set of measures designed to capture various aspects of the benefits provided by the tools was proposed. To test the applicability of these measures, a within-subject experimental design was adopted where fifty regular aNobii users searched alternately with three book-finding tools: browsing “friends’ bookshelves”, “similar bookshelves”, and “books by known authors”. Other than the self-report user experience and search result measures, the “choice set” model was used as a novel framework for navigational effectiveness. Further analyses were conducted to explore whether three aspects of reader preference, “preference insight”, “preference diversity”, and “reading involvement” might influence the performance of the tools.     

国家关键技术遴选与评价的组织方法研究

本探讨国家关键技术遴选与评价组织机构、组织过程、选择过程、评价专家选取、专家支持系统，以使对其组织管理更有成效。     

不确定信息条件下电子商务网站综合评价方法研究

针对电子商务网站中，有关评价指标数据及指标权重的信息往往具有一定的不确定性和不完全性的实际情况，本文提出基于可能度的电子商务网站综合评价方法，为电子商务网站提供了科学、实用的评价方法。     

Model-driven formative evaluation of exploratory search: A study under a sensemaking framework

The evaluation of exploratory search relies on the ongoing paradigm shift from focusing on the search algorithm to focusing on the interactive process. This paper proposes a model-driven formative evaluation approach, in which the goal is not the evaluation of a specific system, per se, but the exploration of new design possibilities. This paper gives an example of this approach where a model of sensemaking was used to inform the evaluation of a basic exploratory search system(s) in the context of a sensemaking task. The model suggested that, rather than just looking at simple search performance measures, we should examine closely the interwoven, interactive processes of both representation construction and information seeking. Participants were asked to make sense of an unfamiliar topic using an augmented query-based search system. The processes of representation construction and information seeking were captured and analyzed using data from experiment notes, interviews, and a system log. The data analysis revealed users’ sources of ideas for structuring representations and a tightly coupled relationship between search and representation construction in their exploratory searches. For example, users strategically used search to find useful structure ideas instead of just accumulating information facts. Implications for improving current search systems and designing new systems are discussed.     

信息不对称下对我国科技开发专项资金“追踪问效”指标体系的构想

本文对我国科技开发专项资金资助项目中普遍存在的代理人问题进行了分析,表明信息不对称和契约不完全是导致项目承担单位逆向选择和道德风险行为的根本原因。本文从“追踪问效”指标体系的功能设计入手,通过构建项目中期评估、结题评价、后评价全过程、全方位“追踪问效”指标体系,从评价与激励机制上来引导和激励项目承担方实现委托方的目标。     

智慧专业化背景下我国高校科技创新能力提升研究

构建高校科技创新能力综合评价指标体系,采用因子分析法对我国31个省份的高校科技创新能力进行比较,总体上呈现出从东部到西部梯形递减的趋势.进一步对投入和产出能力分析发现,可以将31个省份高校分为投入产出协调型、投入领先型和产出领先型.因此,在智慧专业化均衡发展背景下,中西部地区的高校可建立科研资源补偿机制和深化产学研合作...     

老龄化城市建成环境友好度评价——以台北市与新北市为例

当今社会,人口老龄化及老龄化城市已成为世界范围所普遍关注的问题。通过梳理近年来老年友好城市相关理论与实践研究,本文提出了老龄化城市建成环境友好度的概念,在建立老龄化城市建成环境友好度指标体系的基础上,创新性地提出了一种在城市大范围内、以实际客观数据为基础、以老年人口分布特征为导向的老龄化城市建成环境友好度多元量化评价方法,并以台湾省老龄化城市——台北市与新北市为例进行评价。通过评价结果,可看出友好度最高及较高的“里”约占18%,且主要集中在台北市市区、新北市西部部分地区;友好度中等的“里”约占64%,且主要集中在新北市市区、台北市东北部近郊区;友好度较低及最低的“里”约占18%,且主要集中在新北市北部及南部的城市外围地区。同时,对台北市与新北市老龄化城市建成环境友好度各个等级的老龄化程度,与其他各项评价指标的平均值进行交叉比对,从而提出有效的政策建议。总体来说,该量化评价方法有助于提升老龄化城市建成环境总体规划策略,同时可为相似的老龄化城市提供借鉴。     

浒苔绿潮影响下滨海旅游环境价值损失及影响因素——以青岛市海水浴场为例

近年来浒苔绿潮灾害在青岛海域频繁出现。浒苔暴发期间青岛市滨海旅游生态环境和旅游景观受到侵害,在一定程度上影响了相关滨海旅游活动的开展。本文采用条件价值法（CVM）,基于游客对浒苔治理支付意愿（WTP）的调查,定量评估浒苔绿潮影响下青岛市滨海旅游环境价值损失。研究结果表明：游客对浒苔灾害的认知程度普遍较低;愿意支付与拒绝支付费用以治理浒苔的游客比例相当;游客参与治理浒苔的人均支付意愿值为40.72元/年,浒苔绿潮影响下青岛滨海旅游环境价值损失在12.12亿元~21.36亿元之间,占2016年青岛市旅游总收入的0.8%~1.5%;游客的可支配月收入及游客对浒苔的认知程度直接影响其支付意愿及WTP值,游客对海水浴场的满意度对游客的支付意愿产生较大影响,浒苔灾害影响游客进行滨海休闲活动的程度与其WTP值显著相关。