对认知策略的几点认识

认知策略是学习策略的核心部分,也是掌握学习策略的关键。认知策略是学习信息加工的方法和技术,主要包括集中注意策略、获取与编码策略、储存和组织策略、再认和回忆四部分内容。在课堂教学中,教师要充分运用认知策略向学习传授知识信息,并使学生掌握认知策略的方法,提高学生学习的效率和兴趣。     

Learning disabilities in children with very low birthweight: prevalence, neuropsychological correlates, and educational interventions

This study examined achievement, neuropsychological, and intervention outcomes at a mean age of 11 years in children with very low birthweight (VLBW, <1500 g) compared with a term-born control group. To assess the prevalence and correlates of specific learning disabilities (LD), the sample was limited to children without neurosensory disorders who had at least low average IQ. Participants included 31 children with <750 g birthweight, 41 with 750-1499 g birthweight, and 52 controls. The <750 g group obtained lower scores in math, IQ, and perceptual-organizational skills than the term-born group. The < 750 g group also had higher rates of past and present LD than the controls. Despite these differences, the groups did not differ significantly in rates of special education or tutorial/remedial assistance. These findings suggest that children with extremely low birthweight without gross physical or intellectual impairments are at higher risk for LD and cognitive deficiencies than their term-born peers and that further efforts are needed to improve identification and treatment of these learning problems.     

国家教育体制改革领导小组办公室负责人就教育体制改革试点有关问题答记者问

日前,国务院办公厅印发了《关于开展国家教育体制改革试点的通知》（国办发[2010]48号）,确定了国家教育体制改革试点的主要任务和试点单位,各地各校申报的国家级试点项目即将全面启动实施。针对社会各界广泛关心的教育体制改革试点有关问题,记者采访了国家教育体制改革领导小组办公室负责人。     

关于数学素质培养的思考

数学素质由数学知识、数学能力、数学思想与数学方法和数学的人文精神构成,现代信息技术的发展与应用的深入,使得数学知识不断拓展、新的数学思想和数学方法不断出现,数学人文精神也被赋予了新的时代内涵。开展研究性学习,实施全程式信息教学,运用现代信息技术,丰富教学形式,改革课程知识结构,加强学科知识的整合,是信息化时代培养学生数学素质的有效途径。     

Mathematical problem-solving profiles of students with mathematics disabilities with and without comorbid reading disabilities

The purpose of this study was to describe the mathematical problem-solving profiles of students with mathematics disabilities (MD) with and without comorbid reading disabilities (RD). The disability status of fourth-grade students was verified through testing (n = 18 MD; n = 22 MD + RD). Then a hierarchy of mathematics problem-solving tasks was administered. The results demonstrated large deficits for both groups; however, the differences between students with MD and those with MD + RD were mediated by the level of problem solving (arithmetic story problems vs. complex story problems vs. real-world problem solving) and by performance dimension (operations vs. problem solving). On arithmetic story problems, the differences between the disability subtypes were similar for operations and problem solving. By contrast, on complex story problems and real-world problem solving, the differences between the subtypes were larger for problem solving than for operations.     

研究生数学建模能力培养研究

通过分析研究生数学建模的特点,本文提出了研究生数学建模能力培养建设方案,探讨了学科交叉、课程教学改革和数学建模培训对提高研究生数学建模能力的综合作用。     

数学信息处理的批判性意识的调查与思考

长期以来,数学问题成题的信息处理任务均由教师来完成,所给的数学问题条件不多也不少,并且要求答案要确定甚至唯一的现象几乎天天见,造成了学生数学信息处理的批判性意识的欠缺.面对多余信息,高中生反而比初中生更容易受干扰,而对大学生影响不大;面对冲突信息,所有学生的批判性都很薄弱,大学生最薄弱;面对隐含信息,大学生挖掘信息的能力比初中生好很多,但他们判断问题的正确性却很低;面对数学与生活的综合信息的整合,大学生好于中学生,高中生明显好于初中生.因此,我们可以(1)适度让学生见识错题;(2)增加数学建模活动的频率;(3)适度开放数学问题;(4)结合其它学科综合出题.     

Reflections on teaching and research: two inseparable components in higher education

Teaching and research are two inseparable components in higher education. There are continuous debates about the relationship between the two. Does good teaching always lead to good research, and vice versa? This paper critically examines the impact of current policy on the two academic practices and discusses how it shapes one’s professional values and career development. It begins with a discussion of the education policy development and the global trends in higher education, the ontological and epistemological positions of knowledge and education and proceeds to the set of axiological beliefs that educators should embrace. The critical reflective review presented connotes with notions of self-interrogation towards the improvement of professional practice. Its relevance to other disciplines is illustrated though examples contextualised in the marketing discipline.     

关于师专院校数理统计教学的两点思考

数理统计不仅是中小学课程的重要内容,也是师专院校数学专业的必修课程.作为向中小学输送数学教师的师专院校数学专业,数理统计的教学引起众多学者的思考.文章结合自身教学实践从深化对基本概念内容的理解、注重教学内容的联系性和实际应用、寻找解题规律等方面,探讨了数理统计教学的两个问题.     

Individual differences in mathematical ability: genetic, cognitive and behavioural factors

Identifying individuals with mathematical difficulties (MD) is becoming increasingly important in our education system. However, recognising MD is only the first stage in the provision of special educational needs (SEN). Although planning the effective remedial support is vital, there is little consensus on the interventions that are appropriate. There are two main reasons for this: first, MD has a variety of manifestations which appear to change with age; and second, there are many potential causes for the difficulties individuals experience. This paper addresses these issues by reviewing research evidence from three 'domains' of psychological research (genetic, cognitive, behavioural), all of which appear to offer insights into potential influences on mathematical ability.     

Reflections on Transformative Experiences with Mathematical Inquiry: The Case of Christine

Abstract

We present a first-hand, longer-term account of one student’s (Christine’s) experiences in and after a mathematics inquiry course. In this course, students actively posed problems, conducted their own mathematical explorations, and wrote journal entries about their experiences. During the course, Christine found that inquiry helped her develop mathematical content knowledge and a deeper understanding of the nature of research. After the course, Christine became a mathematics education faculty member in a mathematics department and reports that the course impacted the way she teaches mathematics. This provides an illustrative case of the potential long-lasting benefits of an inquiry course.     

数学建模认知过程的研究

用数学方法解决实际问题的方法称之为数学建模,研究数学建模的三个认知过程:模式识别与表征;建立数学模型并求解;数学模型的检测、评价.     

Mathematical learning difficulties and PASS cognitive processes

This study examined the relationships between mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) and the planning, attention, simultaneous, successive (PASS) theory of cognitive processing. The Cognitive Assessment System (CAS) was used to measure the PASS processes for a group of 267 Dutch students with MLD who attended either general or special education. The results showed that students with MLD performed lower than their peers on all CAS scales and that the MLD group contained many students with cognitive weaknesses in planning or successive processing. Moreover, students who had specific difficulties with the acquisition of basic math facts, the automatization of such facts, or word-problem solving were found to have distinct PASS cognitive profiles. In order to investigate the relationships between cognitive abilities and improvement in the mastery of basic math facts and problem solving, 165 of the students with MLD were given a special multiplication intervention. It appeared that the effectiveness of this particular intervention did not differ across the groups of students with specific cognitive weaknesses.     

Mathematical development: the role of broad cognitive processes

This study investigated the role of broad cognitive processes in the development of mathematics skills among children and adolescents. Four hundred and forty-seven students (age mean [M] = 10.23 years, 73% boys and 27% girls) from an elementary school district in the US southwest participated. Structural equation modelling tests indicated that calculation complexity was predicted by long-term retrieval and working memory; calculation fluency was predicted by perceptual processing speed, phonetic coding, and visual processing; problem solving was predicted by fluid reasoning, crystallised knowledge, working memory, and perceptual processing speed. Younger students’ problem solving skills were more strongly associated with fluid reasoning skills, relative to older students. Conversely, older students’ problem solving skills were more strongly associated with crystallised knowledge skills, relative to younger students. Findings are consistent with the theoretical suggestion that broad cognitive processes play specific roles in the development of mathematical skills among children and adolescents. Implications for educational psychologists are discussed.     

师专《数学分析》课程建设的几点思考

重点课程建设是提升学校办学水平的重要举措,师专《数学分析》重点课程在师资建设,从教材与教学内容选择,教学方法与教学手段的改革,考试制度的改革等方面提出几点设想和建议。     

Cluster analysis of children and adolescents with brain damage and learning disabilities using neuropsychological, psychoeducational, and sociobehavioral variables.

The purpose of the study was to employ psychoeducational, neuropsychological, and sociobehavioral (Conners Rating Scale) variables in determining if definable subtypes exist within a diverse population of subjects with learning disabilities (LD) and documented brain damage. The sample of 95 subjects (27% female and 73% male) had been referred for neuropsychological assessment at a large, Midwestern medical center. Mean age was 10.6 years. Brain damage (BD) was documented for 45% of the sample. The first cluster analysis employed neuropsychological, psychoeducational, and sociobehavioral data and revealed four interpretable clusters. A second cluster analysis excluded sociobehavioral data and yielded two interpretable clusters. In neither analysis did a cluster consist exclusively of BD or LD subjects. Results were interpreted as supporting the importance of the sociobehavioral component in LD subtyping, as well as supporting the contention that parallels may exist in cerebral function and/or structure between the LD and BD classifications.