应用型本科教育:理想图景与现实困境

应用型本科是以专业为中心、安于教学中心地位、以为地方区域经济发展培养综合性应用型人才的高等教育类型,是以学科为中心、以培养拔尖创新人才的研究型大学和以技能和职业为中心、以培养基础技能型人才的高职院校的重要补充。但从现实来看,数量比重最大、历史状况复杂的应用型本科处在"985"、"211"高校与高职"211"的夹缝地位,目前尚没有专门的细化分类研究,应用型本科要在理论上获得自治、名称上响亮打出旗号,运行上得到"名正言顺"、"名副其实"的政策与资源支持,尚需要国家、省市级政府以及学校自身在内外部治理各方面进行改革。     

The impact of John Dewey on the teacher education system in Turkey

This study discusses the impact of John Dewey (1859–1952) on Turkey's teacher education system. In so doing, it heavily relies on the commissioned report “The Report and Recommendation on Turkish Education” prepared by Dewey in 1924. This paper documents Dewey's ideas about teacher education in Turkey and analyses their take up in practice. Based on the research findings, it could be argued that Dewey had a considerable impact on the transformation of teacher education system in Turkey. His most visible impact was best observed in the policies and practices in the training of village teachers. The Village Institutes Project, launched in the early 1940s to introduce a model specific to Turkey, was extensively based on Dewey's recommendations. In the Republican Era, Dewey's ideas and thoughts on education have been eagerly observed and implemented by Turkish authorities, who have openly recognised his competence and authority in the field of education. His impact on Turkish education system is still visible as the present policy makers make reference to his works.     

A fair slice of the pie? Problematising the dispersal of government funds to Australian universities

A common theme in higher education research is the factors that affect university funding. Studies frequently examine how universities cope with funding cuts and the changes that have stemmed from operating in a neoliberal age, a period that now sees institutions commonly functioning on a cost/benefit basis. This paper offers an original contribution by using the Australian Federal Government Department of Education and Training’s document, Finance 2015: Financial Reports of Higher Education Providers, to problematise the financial assistance individual Australian public universities received from the federal government. The paper acknowledges the factors that can account for some institutions receiving more funding than others but nonetheless highlights the substantial discrepancies concerning government financial contributions that exist between Australia’s highest and lowest funded universities. At a time when a performative culture has increasingly become part of higher education, and an institution’s research performance is calculable and rankable, it is crucial to Australia’s long-term research success that all its universities remain competitive in the race for research and government funding.     

Why study abroad? Sorting of Chinese students across British universities

This research contributes to the booming literature on the mobility of international students in higher education. We analyse university-level factors that affect the sorting of Chinese international students across British universities. We produced a unique data-set merging university-level data from the 2014 UK Higher Education Statistics Agency and the Higher Expectations Survey, supplemented by qualitative evidence from six focus groups for illustrative purposes. Our results, using nationally representative evidence for the first time, confirmed that university prestige is the most important driver for the sorting of Chinese students across British universities, together with further effects of the broader social and cultural offerings that the universities provide. Interestingly, the cost of study and marketing strategies deployed by universities do not seem to drive the Chinese students’ university choices. Our findings underline the importance of diffuse institutional factors such as university rankings and their taken-for-granted status by students themselves.     

中国近代高等教育史研究模式的回顾与思考——以大学与区域社会互动发展为视角

自熊明安的《中国高等教育史》问世以后,中国近代高等教育史也逐渐形成了一个专门的研究领域。时至今日,中国近代高等教育史在研究上主要表现为四种模式：中国近代高等教育史的宏观研究,近代中国大学的个案研究．区域高等教育发展研究以及大学与区域社会互动发展研究。由于中国近代不同区域发展状况各异．从大学与区域社会互动发展的角度对中国近代高等教育进行研究,可以更加明晰地了解影响中国近代高等教育发展中很多具体的区域性人物和事件,并为当代中国高等教育发展提供更加具体和客观的借鉴。     

The internal efficiency in higher education: An analysis based on economies of scope

Among the studies of the internal efficiency in higher education, most have focused on the scale of university (the economies of scale), but little on internal operating efficiency in higher education, especially on the combined efficiency of outputs (the economies of scope). There are few theoretical discussions or experimental research on whether teaching resources are complementary with research resources, or whether resources in undergraduate cultivation are shared with those in postgraduate training. In the background of the resource scarcity, it is significant to study the economies of scope in higher education to realize intensive development of higher education. Based on the multiproduct cost function and the data of universities attached to the Ministry of Education, this paper attempts to deal with the complementarities of resources used in undergraduate cultivation, postgraduate training and research to find that universities produce these outputs without sufficient resource sharing, the diseconomies of scope in postgraduate training is highest. As far as the quality of teaching and research are concerned, diseconomies of scope of the outputs are great. The main reasons are as follows: poor distribution of facilities, teachers and books, overlapping internal management systems, and the current postgraduate cultivation model. Therefore, relative departments should take internal resource sharing in higher education into account when making the administration policy of higher education.     

SITUATION OF UNIVERSITIES IN ISRAEL AS REPORTED BY THE PLANNING AND GRANTS COMMITTEE OF THE ISRAELI COUNCIL FOR HIGHER EDUCATION

The following article is based on the main elements of the Annual Report No. 5 ‐ Academic Year 1977/78 of the Planning and Grants Committee at the Israeli Council for Higher Education, which serves as a liaison between the universities and government of Israel, and other national institutions concerned with higher education. In addition we present the recent statistical data on higher education (universities) in Israel as given in “Higher Education in Israel ‐Statistical Abstracts 1977/78”, which constitute an integral part of the Report.     

Mathematics teacher preparation in Turkey today

The dominant trend today, in all countries, is to integrate the training of teachers into higher education. Turkey completed this integration in 1982. The transfer of the whole teacher education system into the university sector was not difficult since the Turkish educational system is centrally controlled. Turkey has two sources of mathematics teachers, namely Education and Science Faculties. Science Faculty graduates obtain their teaching certificate from Education Faculties. At present, Turkey needs to apply a new model for student assessment, and selection to detect and attract more capable and committed individuals into teaching.     

高等教育X低效率与市场竞争机制分析

高等教育X低效率是指高等教育由于内部摩擦等原因没有充分利用现有资源的一种状态。政府对高等教育的垄断,市场机制不完善是导致高等教育X低效率产生的主要原因。拓展市场竞争机制在高等教育领域的作用范围,比如办学资源配置、学校管理、招生就业、科技成果转化等,有助于克服高等教育X低效率的产生。     

北京市民办普通高校教育资源配置现状分析

高等教育资源属于稀缺资源,民办高等教育在办学经费短缺的情况下,对现有资源进行优化配置是其生存之本。本文分析了北京10所民办普通高校资源配置的现状,指出了师资队伍、筹资、硬件设施存在的问题,并提出了可行性的对策。     

高等教育全球化的挑战——学术研究者视野中的德国博洛尼亚进程

"博洛尼亚进程"是29个欧洲国家的教育部长于1999年在意大利博洛尼亚提出的欧洲高等教育改革计划,旨在保证欧洲高等教育的质量,建立统一的欧洲高等教育体系。为了应对高等教育全球化的挑战以及适应工业社会向知识社会转变的形势,德国大学围绕提高高等教育的质量推行了一系列改革措施,建立了新的质量保证和质量管理体系,调整了新的公共管理策略;重组了整个课程体系,革新教学观念和教学方式,实现了从以教师为中心到以学生为中心的教学方式和学习方式的转变;开展大学教师教学发展项目,提升大学教师的教学能力。     

Costs and economies of scale in Turkey's postsecondary vocational schools

The study reported in this paper examines the institutional cost structures of the postsecondary vocational education system in Turkey. The study uses a single-output quadratic cost function to analyze 65 individual vocational schools located within the 28 existing universities. Appropriate controls for institutional quality, discretionary allocation of staffing resources, the degree of technical instruction in the cirriculum, and regional variation are also included. Both average and marginal costs for each school are estimated over relevant ranges of student enrollments for determing prospective degrees of economies of scale. The findings should help policy makers in Turkey determine which vocational schools can reap efficiencies by an expansion (or contraction) of their student enrollments.     

高校内部教育资源合理配置与优化的思考

在定义高校教育资源内涵与特征的基础上,分析高校内部教育资源配置中存在的主要问题,提出高校教育资源合理配置与优化的对策。     

高等教育研究：多学科的角度

文章通过对《从高等教育新论－多学科的研究》和《多学科观点的高等教育研究》两书的比较,得出高等教育研究应该从高等教育活动的实践出发,使用多学科的观点来揭示高等教育现象,探索高等教育活动规律,以便指导高等教育的改革和发展。     

美国民族高等教育快速发展原因探议

推动美国民族高等教育发展的动力有四种：一是黑人民权运动,这是争取教育平等权利的民众动力;二是教会对民族高等教育的支持,这是民族高等教育的原始动力;三是各种基金会,这是民族高等教育的经济动力之一;四是联邦和州政府的立法和财政拨款,这是美国民族高等教育发展的行政动力。     

Change Readiness among Teaching Staff at Anadolu University,Turkey

Turkey’s Anadolu University is one of the world’s largest mega‐universities. It is engaged in strategic planning in response to changes in the expectations of the Turkish Higher Education Council and the community at large. In re‐examining its vision and strategic directions, Anadolu University needs to be informed on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of its teaching staff, and the systems and support needed to assure their change readiness. This article examines the literature of organizational and educational change and its implications for the university. It reports on a study based on the relevant constructs from the literature and is designed to gauge the extent and nature of teaching staff knowledge, skills, practice, and research in educational and technological change, motivating and de‐motivating factors, change adopter types, and perceptions of the organizational climate for change. It considers the implications of these findings and draws conclusions about what would be needed to improve staff readiness for change.     

高职教育资源配置现状及存在问题探析

高等职业教育近年来发展极为迅速，办学规模已占我国高等教育的半壁江山，为高等教育的大众化做出了重要贡献。但在速度型增长的背后，从资源配置的角度看，无论是宏观层面还是微观层面，都存在着一些不容忽视的问题，值得我们作进一步的探析。     

University productivity and the organization of higher education in Turkey

This theoretical paper examines some of the potential impacts of different modes of university organization in Turkey (Faculty and Departmental) upon the scientific productivity of faculty members. A model of university organization is developed which distinguishes between the administrative and academic structures within the university. This model, derived largely from the literature on bureaucratic and professional organizations, provides the basis for a comparative analysis of the structural differences between the Faculty and Departmental mode of university organization in Turkey. Exploration of these structural differences leads to the hypothesis that the organizational structure of the Departmental university, in the Turkish setting, is more functional, on net balance, than the Faculty mode of university organization for the development of high levels of faculty productivity in the fields of science. Examination of some very limited data on the scientific activities of Turkish scientists in a sample of Turkish universities, though by no means conclusive, suggests that, within given social situations, this hypothesis may indeed be correct. Nevertheless, it is clear that there exists a need not only for more extensive research in this area, but also for more detailed information as to the social, political, and economic situations within which university organizations exist.

     

高等教育资源配置的多主体分析及优化策略

在市场导向的资源配置制度创新中,高等教育资源配置主体由单一主体转变为多元主体,形成了政府、市场和高校的三角体系,多元主体之间的利益博弈与制衡,最终会形成政府主导与市场调节并存的混合式高等教育资源配置方式,采取公平配置与竞争获得的投入机制实现资源配置过程中公平与效率的和谐。     

University access and after: explaining the social composition of degree programmes and the contrasting expectations of students

University expansion in higher education has been hierarchically differentiated. There is some concentration of certain social profiles in some degrees of study, so social composition between degrees can vary considerably. This article describes in terms of social composition 10 degrees of four public universities in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. We analyse 857 questionnaires filled in by mid-career students. From the perspective of agent’s decision on the choice of studies, we explore what were the factors that made them choose a concrete degree. We examine several variables that can indicate whether their expectations have been met or not. The results show that the factors predicted by the theory by which working-class (WC) students choose degrees—instrumental motivations and conditions that minimize the risk—are often met. In this regard, the recent structural reform related with the implementation of the European Higher Education Area that removes short-cycles degrees (3 years) could lead to a problem of access for WC students.