现代企业制度对国企党建的严峻挑战与应对措施

国有企业是我国国民经济的支柱，建立现代企业制度是国有企业改革的目标。实践证明，现代企业制度对国企党建工作的挑战是相当严峻的，如党组织参与企业重大问题决策遇到重量“关卡”，巩固中国共产党阶级基础的任务更加繁重，国有企业党务干部普遍存在失落感，国有企业的党建工作后继乏人，在党管干部问题上陷入困境。本在剖析这些问题及原因的基础上，提出了对应的宏观工作思路，即必须着力打造内化升华、决策主体、能力水平、开拓创新、利益保障、人力资源等新优势。     

高校资助经济困难学生体系的探索与实践

对目前国家助学贷款的实施现状、发展前景进行了分析论证,并结合部分高校在资助困难学生工作中的一些做法和尝试,提出了完善此项工作的方法和途径。     

Teaching about homosexualities to Nigerian university students: a report from the field

Nigeria’s diverse cultures, religions and political parties appear to be unified by a strong taboo against homosexuality and gay rights. This has affected academic research, HIV/AIDS programmes, and sexuality education, all which commonly show evidence of heterosexism, self-censorship and even explicit condemnations of homosexuality. Yet a dissident discourse in Nigeria, as well as research from elsewhere in the region, suggests that this appearance of unity may belie greater openness to the issues than assumed. Indeed, research shows that (1) many African societies are traditionally more accommodating toward non-normative sexualities than contemporary nationalist or cultural claims would allow, and (2) secretive ‘bisexuality’ is more common in practice (and tacitly acknowledged) than previously understood. Is it possible then that the presumption of homophobia and the fear of backlash that has clearly contributed to heterosexism and self-censorship in scholarship around homosexualities in Nigeria are exaggerated? Is it possible that Nigerians may be more open to consideration of scientific evidence and international best practices around sexual diversity, rights, and health than is commonly assumed in the literature? A trial intervention at a small state university in a predominantly rural area of Nigeria tested these questions by introducing wide-ranging, frank and non-judgemental (science-based) discussions of same-sex sexuality in several classes. Analysis of the students’ feedback finds that stigmatising attitudes toward homosexuality were indeed present among the students. However, there was also a high degree of curiosity, awareness of the existence of secretive homosexualities in Nigeria, desire for education, and confidence that traditional cultures and Nigerian democracy could accommodate individual freedom and sexual rights. The conclusion is that well-prepared researchers and educators could be less anxious and self-censoring around the topic of homosexuality than prevails at present. Careful attention would need to be paid to local sensibilities, but sexuality and HIV education programmes could probably be brought closer into line with world guidelines on best practices and comprehensive approaches to human sexuality education and sexual health.     

The difficult transition of the Italian university system: growth,underfunding and reforms

The evolution of Italian universities in terms of growth, economic sustainability and reforms can be interpreted in the light of the élite, mass and universal access categories defined by Martin Trow. The findings from this analysis show that although the number of enrolled students and funding problems propel the Italian university system towards the universal access stage, activities and functioning mechanisms are lagging far behind, since they are still involved in the transition from the élite to mass stage. Interpretation of the changes since 1980 on the basis of the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm and the notion of diversity allows identification of the reasons for this discrepancy as being mostly related to backwardness in terms of ideas and values rather than a lack of management techniques.     

面向循环经济的绿色大学评价指标体系研究

循环经济是21世纪国际社会推进可持续发展新型实践模式,绿色大学的建设与发展应面向循环经济。作者剖析了基于循环经济理念的绿色大学的科学内涵,研究了绿色大学评价指标体系的设计原则,构建了面向循环经济绿色大学评价指标体系的主要内容,对于科学评价绿色大学的建设水平具有重要意义。     

The challenges of the faculty members’ commitment: The role of university brand

Commitment in the knowledge‐intensive sectors has today become a key organisational dilemma as well as a serious managerial concern. In the university setting, faculty members’ commitment to various stakeholder bases and the subsequent implications have hitherto been studied only to a limited extent. Through a quantitative survey, this paper studies university professors’ various modes of commitment and investigates the role of university brand in the context of Iranian universities. The findings reveal that university professors with higher level of professional commitment tend to be more organisationally committed. Furthermore, it is shown that university brand can increase the impact of professional commitment on organisational commitment.     

The challenges of university teaching and learning in the era of managerialism

Abstract

The paper debates the challenges of university teaching in the era of managerialism. It teases out current institutional reconfigurations, and argues that challenges of teaching and learning are integral to the university as a complex institution in the era of supercomplexity. It argues that the university should shed its ‘ivory tower’ mentality, acknowledge that its future legitimacy depends on its willingness to negotiate processes and procedures with its community, of which it is itself a constitutive part. The paper questions the relevance of the lecture as a pedagogical practice in this era of supercomplexity; it argues that the lecture is dead and should be replaced. It advocates Socratic questioning to create epistemological and ontological disturbance in the students. Socratic questioning is characterised by a relentless self-examination and critique, an endless quest for intellectual integrity and moral consistency, manifest in fearless speech that unsettles, unnerves, and unhouses people from their uncritical sleepwalking.     

知识经济下高校图书馆的社会化发展方向

在知识经济时代,传统的管理体制束缚着高校图书馆的发展。高校图书馆要生存发展,就要转变经营理念;建立文献资源数据库,实现资源共享;联合社会力量,共建高校图书馆;建立信息服务社会化运作的机制等措施,为社会经济建设服务。     

Emerging issues in Nigerian education — The case of the level and scope of growth of Nigerian universities

The issue of central concern in this article is the analysis of the desirable level of university expansion in Nigeria under a situation made challenging by the rapidly growing number of potential entrants. To identify the scope of expansion for the future, past trends are examined against a background of recent proliferation, by different levels of government, in order to cope with the demand for more places by the overwhelming majority of applicants who are consistently turned down every year. From this perspective, finance is considered as the ultimate and critical determinant of the level of growth of the entire Nigerian university system, notwithstanding the high degree of motivation as revealed by the annual surge of applicants in search of places.     

New challenges to education and research in a global economy

Education must meet the new challenges of a global economy. Globalization presents increasing demands not only on knowledge and ability but also on the environment of knowledge and ability. Globalization does not mean simply to homogenize the economy, markets and culture but rather to deal with differing environments. To act on a global scale entails being very familiar with local situations. Therefore, in almost all branches of learning, education must prepare the educated for changing demands. We do not leave the haven of school to enter a world to which we are accustomed. This holds true, especially for a world that is globalizing itself. The research triangle and transdisciplinarity are answers to this situation.     

Revisiting a student-oriented curriculum in the Nigerian secondary school system

Abstract

The increasing gap between what students learn and what they remember has agitated the minds of educators in recent times. The apparent gap is that teaching tends to be more theoretical than practical. For instance an apparent absence of relevant instructional materials, skilled vocational education personnel and the current lack of awareness on the part of policy makers on the advantages of pragmatic education, constitute current obstacles to the actualisation of pragmatic student-oriented secondary school education curriculum in Nigeria. However, this paper therefore, describes methods by which secondary school education can be made more functional through the introduction of more practical learning schemes which shall ultimately equip graduates with revenue generating and life skills. Fifty teachers and 150 students were randomly selected for the study from formal and non-formal secondary schools in Calabar Metropolis and Calabar South Local Government Area of Cross River State of Nigeria. Ex-post facto design was adopted. A 16 item questionnaire constructed on a modified four-point Likert-type scale was used for data collection. The data was analysed using simple percentages, independent t-test and a One-way analysis of variance. The findings revealed that, the schools lack adequate instructional materials and adequately trained vocational education teachers. Based on this, it was recommended among others, that a student-oriented curriculum be implemented in line with the objectives of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), Education For All (EFA) and Universal Basic Education (UBE). Also more practical skills-oriented education and vocational education teachers should be employed to train the students on the development of functional literacy skills.     

The challenges of establishing social learning spaces at a Johannesburg university student residence: Student views

This article reports on two cycles of a Participatory Action Research (PAR) study on student experiences of the process of establishing social learning spaces in a Johannesburg university student residence. We draw on Wenger’s (2009) notion of ‘social learning spaces’ to explore the manner in which students mediate their social and institutional identity, expose power imbalances in terms of decision-making and determine influences on their learning. We argue that learning is facilitated by social engagement and suggest that the conceptualisation and implementation of social learning spaces, although a complex and protracted process, is valuable for students’ social and academic development, particularly in a residence environment. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews, analysed using content analysis, and interpreted through a Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) lens. The findings point to the complexity of establishing social learning spaces (SLS) in a student residence environment with students experiencing multiple tensions in the process, including struggles with collaborative learning, difficulties in developing agency and the challenges of traversing power relations.     

面向21世纪一流大学的高校合并所面临的问题和挑战

本阐述了国内外高等教育的改革和发展趋势，从科教兴国的战略高度上阐明了面向21世纪一流大学的高校合并是我国高等教育管理体制改革和布局结构调整的一项重大举措，对21世纪在我国建设若干所世界一流大学具有重要的现实意义，着重论述了新组建的综合性大学未来发展所面临的挑战以及要处理和解决的问题。     

Pre-enrollment factors and academic performance of first-year science students at a Nigerian university: a multivariate analysis

Multi-group discriminant analysis is used to identify the pre-enrollment demographic and academic factors which best separate out the success classes in the first-year examinations of science students at a Nigerian university. Each science-based faculty is separately analysed to control for faculty differences in all the variables used. The pre-eminent predictor of success is performance in the specialist subjects of the universitys matriculation examination. Other variables selected for use in the discriminant functions depend on the faculty group. Misallocation rates are generally low and, exept for one faculty group, discrimination is uni-dimensional.     

大学制度与大学特色发展

独特的办学理念是学校特色形成的基础,理念转化为特色需要以制度作中介,大学制度是大学特色形成与发展的关键。大学制度的目的和主体是大学内部人的积极性、主动性和创造力的发挥。大学制度建设要坚持“以人为本”的价值原则。     

高校收费制度对农村经济的影响

中国高校大幅扩招的同时,大学学费从无到有,节节升高,这一制度变迁与其他制度一样,既有显功能,也有潜功能,有正面影响,也有负面影响。一个学生每年花费万元,对农民家庭来说是个沉重的负担,许多农民为此负债,家庭经济长期陷入困境。全国约840万农村籍大学生每年从农村带走800多亿元,全部花费到城市里,增加城市的需求和就业,却使得大量资源流出农村,影响了农村经济的发展。     

新经济时代与高校人文素质教育

新经济与人精神具有紧密的内在联系。弘扬人精神是高校不可推卸的历史责任。当前，高校人教育的现状不能满足新经济时代的要求，必须转变教育观念，整合教育实践的各环节，重塑大学教师的人素质，才能为新经济的合理、健康发展提供精神动力和智力支撑。     

Transnational education as an internationalisation strategy: meeting the institutional management challenges

The importance of transnational programmes as part of the internationalisation of higher education has grown rapidly in importance in recent years. In this paper, transnational higher education is defined as the delivery of programmes overseas by a parent institution either operating directly or in association with an international partner. Whilst such programmes have been considered from a paedagogic perspective, their impact on institutional management is under-researched. Yet, it is clear that management practice is critical to success or failure. This paper is based on a detailed analysis of institutional audit reports prepared by the Australian Universities Quality Agency in the period 2008–12. The reports are used to identify key issues for institutional management. Building on this analysis, the paper aims to offer a theoretical insight into governance and leadership of transnational programmes and thereby provide practical guidance for strategy formation.     

创建世界一流大学的制度支撑体系

创建世界一流大学,是中国在世界舞台上全面崛起的重要基础。发达国家的实践表明,制度的建设是根本性的问题,只有构建一流的制度支撑体系,才能创建世界一流大学。一流大学成长与发展的制度支撑体系,包括一流的图书馆服务支撑体系,一流的网络信息资源服务支撑体系,一流的教学服务支撑体系,一流的科研管理服务支撑体系及一流的校长和管理支撑体系。