Rate-dependent constitutive model of poly（ethylene terephthalate） for dynamic analysis

Uniaxial tensile testing at strain rates ranging from 10-3 to 10-1 s-1 was carried out to study the rate-dependent me-chanical behavior for poly（ethylene terephthalate） （PET） used in the packaging industry. The experimental results show that a rate-dependent plastic behavior exists for PET material. The value of the yield strength was found to increase with the increasing strain rate. A new constitutive model based on the improved Cowper-Symonds rate-dependent constitutive model is proposed to describe the mechanical behavior of PET material in the strain rate ranging from 10-3 to 10-1 s-1, providing more accurate material data for the subsequent simulation analysis of drop test and dynamic buckling. The predictions obtained using the proposed model are compared with experimental results of the improved Cowper-Symonds model. The simulating results of the proposed model agree well with the experimental data. For a low strain rate, the predictions of this model are more precise than those obtained using the improved Cowper-Symonds model. This confirms that the new constitutive model is suitable for describing the me-chanical behavior of PET material at a low strain rate and modeling impact problem.     

Pepsin nanofilm self-assembly on the positively charged poly (ethylene terephthalate) substrate

Pepsin was assembled on the surface of prepared poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET-NH₃ ⁺) substrates. The composition and structure of the pepsin/PET-NH₃ ⁺ assembling films in different condition were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).     

Synthesis of poly[methyl(3,3,3-trinuoropropyl)siloxane]b-poly(ethylene oxide)block copolymers

A series of new amphiphilic poly[methyl(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)siloxane]-b -poly(ethylene oxide)(PMTFPS-b-PEO)diblock copolymers with different ratios of hydrophobic segment to hydrophilic segment were prepared by coupling reactions of end-functional PMTFPS and PEO homopolymers.Copolymers were shown to be well defined and narrow molecular weight distribution(MWD)(1.07～1.3)by characterizations such as gel permeation chromatography(GPC)and 1H-nudear magnetic resonance(1H-NMR).     

甲氧基聚乙二醇末端功能化修饰壳聚糖的合成方法比较

为提高壳聚糖作为体内移植材料的抗蛋白吸附性能和纳米药物载体的长循环能力,对壳聚糖进行甲氧基聚乙二醇(MPEG)改性修饰。通过考察MPEG末端功能化修饰壳聚糖的4种不同方法,包括MPEG末端羧基化法、乙酸酐氧化醛基化法、催化氧化醛基化法以及Williamson亲核取代醛基化法,从中筛选出反应条件可控、转化率高、产物稳定性好和重复性好的Williamson亲核取代醛基化合成方法作为MPEG修饰壳聚糖的主要手段。将MPEG末端功能化并接枝到壳聚糖骨架上,制备了不同取代度(DS)、不同MPEG相对分子质量和不同壳聚糖骨架相对分子质量的壳聚糖-g-甲氧基聚乙二醇(CS-g-MPEG)接枝共聚物,并对其结构、转化率、取代度和分子量分别采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁共振氢谱(1 H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)进行表征,为实现纳米颗粒长循环给药及体内移植水凝胶的抗蛋白表面修饰提供材料基础。     

聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)及聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酰胺)水凝胶的制备及性能

The thermosensitive poly （ N-isopropylacrylamide ） （PNIPAAm） and poly （N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamide） [ poly （NIPAAm-co-AAm） ] hydrogels with different acrylamide molar percentage are prepared by radiation polymerization using Co^60 γ-ray. Their swelling equilibrium data in the media of deionized water, NaCl aqueous solutions and different pH buffer solutions are determined. It appears that lower critical solution temperature （LCST） of the hydrogels will drop with the increase of ionic strength and increase with the rising of acrylamide content, A semi-empirical formula is set up with the experimental results. Moreover, it also indicates that this copolymer is pH-sensitive, which is similar to the homopolymer of PNIPAAm.     

Synthesis of poly[methyl（3,3,3-trifluoropropyl）siloxane]-b-poly（ethylene oxide） block copolymers

A series of new amphiphilic poly[methyl（3,3,3-trifluoropropyl）siloxane]-b-poly（ethylene oxide） （PMTFPS-b-PEO） diblock copolymers with different ratios of hydrophobic segment to hydrophilic segment were prepared by coupling reactions of end-functlonal PMTFPS and PEO homopolymers. Copolymers were shown to be well defined and narrow molecular weight distribution （MWD） （1.07-1.3） by characterizations such as gel permeation chromatography （GPC） and ^1H-nudear magnetic resonance （^1H-NMR）.     

Preparation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/nanometer calcium carbonate composite by in-situ emulsion polymerization

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) emulsion polymerization in the presence of nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) surface modified with (-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was carried out to prepare poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/nano-CaCO3 composite. The reaction between nano-CaCO3 and MPTMS, and the grafting of PMMA onto nano-CaCO3 were confirmed by infrared spectrum. The grafting ratio and grafting efficiency of PMMA on nano-CaCO3 modified with MPTMS were much higher than that on nano-CaCO3 modified with stearic acid. The grafting ratio of PMMA increased as the weight ratio between MMA and nano-CaCO3 increased, while the grafting efficiency of PMMA decreased. Transmission electron micrograph showed that nano-CaCO3 covered with PMMA was formed by in-situ emulsion polymerization.     

Preparation of poly (methyl methacrylate)/nanometer calcium carbonate composite by in-situ emulsion polymerization

INTRODUCTION In recent decades, extensive research effortshave been directed towards the preparation andcharacterization of polymer/inorganic nanometerparticles composite (Siegel, 1994). Nanometer in-organic particles easily agglomerate because oftheir high surface energy, so it is difficult to achievethe homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles inpolymer matrix. Surface modification of an inor-ganic particle with an organic substance is a usefulway to reduce its surface energy, to i…     

基于中间插件延长法对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的电子结构及单光子吸收谱的研究

在杂化密度泛函理论B3LYP精度下,用本实验组参与发展的线性标度电子结构计算方法——中间插件延长法(central insertion scheme),计算聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的电子结构,得到了它的量子尺寸效应,亦即能量间隙随尺寸的变化;并在此基础上计算了其单光子吸收谱。另外还在包含色散效应(dispersion effect)的密度泛函wB97XD精度下,计算其电子结构和单光子吸收谱。发现在wB97XD精度下,聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯的能量间隙明显增大,从而导致其单光子吸收谱发现明显的变化。另外两种精度下的体系的能量间隙随尺寸变化情况也不相同。这意味着色散效应对研究体系的电子结构和光学性质都有着明显的影响。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备SrNb_(0.05)Ti_(0.95)O_3薄膜及性能分析

以Sr(OOCCH3)2·H2O,Ti(OC4H9)4·Nb(C2H5O)5为原料,用溶胶-凝胶工艺成功地进行了SrNb0.05Ti0.95O3(SNTO)薄膜的制备,溶胶薄膜经过575℃-725℃/60min退火形成立方钙钛矿结构。用XRD、SEM等进行了结构和形貌表征,证明了该薄膜是纳米晶体结构,制定了SNTO薄膜的最佳退火工艺。SNTO薄膜的介电特性分析:掺杂Nb5+能使SrTiO3转化为n-半导体。     

多孔镍基复合膜电极的制备与电化学电容性能

为了改善氢氧化镍低的电子电导率,提高其电化学电容性能,制备了多孔镍基复合膜电极。以镍箔为基体,采用恒电位沉积法得到了Ni-Zn合金镀层,通过脱合金化法制备了多孔镍膜。对多孔镍膜进行阳极氧化处理,得到多孔镍基复合膜电极。采用循环伏安法和恒流充放电技术研究了热处理温度对多孔镍基复合膜电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明:合金层的热处理温度可以有效地影响多孔镍基复合膜电极的电化学电容性能。经300℃热处理后的复合膜电极在10A/g的电流密度下循环1 000次后,其比电容为629F/g,电容保持率为96%。     

酶催化法一步合成聚(对二氧环己酮-co-丁二醇-co-丁二酸)共聚酯

选择结构单元中具有醚键,水解速率较快的对二氧环己酮(PDO)作为第三单体,以Novozym 435为催化剂,将PDO与丁二醇、丁二酸二乙酯进行共聚,通过一步法合成了聚(对二氧环己酮-co-丁二醇-co-丁二酸)共聚酯(PPBS)。研究了反应温度和反应时间对PPBS分子量的影响,在70℃反应72h的条件下,获得的PPBS共聚酯的重均分子量达到23 000g/mol,多分散系数(PDI)在1.7~2.6之间。采用核磁共振光谱仪对共聚酯的结构以及共聚酯中PDO单元的含量进行了确认。利用TGA和DSC对PPBS的热稳定性和热转变行为进行了研究,发现其热稳定性与纯PBS类似,好于PPDO;PPBS共聚酯的熔融温度为77.2℃,明显低于PPDO和PBS,且其结晶能力较差,较弱的结晶能力预示着共聚物有较快的生物降解速率。由于没有使用任何金属催化剂,所制备的PPBS共聚酯更适合作为生物医用材料使用。     

稳定自由基存在下丙二腈加速甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合研究

研究了以 2 ,2 ,6 ,6 -四甲基 - 1-哌啶氧化物 (TEMPO)作为稳定自由基 ,过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂 ,丙二腈 (MN)为加速剂 ,极性单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯的聚合 .在丙二腈的促进下 ,聚合速率明显加快 ,4h可达 89%的转化率 .在聚合过程中 ,分子量变化不大 ,分子量分布较窄 .随着聚合体系温度提高 ,转化率随之升高 ,到达 12 0℃后 ,转化率反而下降 ,分散性变化不大 .12 0℃为其较理想的聚合温度 .通过对模型聚合物的核磁共振 (1HNMR)分析 ,发现氧氮自由基部分脱落 ,解释了极性单体不能在稳定自由基存在下进行活性聚合的原因 .对氧氮自由基易从主链脱落的可能解释是两个腈基的强吸电子效应削弱了C -O键 ,从而使氧氮自由基与主链的连接减弱 ,导致分子量不可控制     

Li_2CO_3基多组分塑化薄膜电解质的制备与电化学性能表征

用类似于Bellcore方法制备了新型的Li2CO3基多组分塑化薄膜电解质。由聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)和聚六氟丙烯(HFP)为基体,碳酸锂,纳米二氧化硅和增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)组成。通过交流阻抗测量塑化薄膜电解质的电化学性能,当Li2CO3:SiO2:DBP:2801(PVDF-12%HFP)质量之比等于30:5:30:35时,塑化薄膜电解质具有最高的离子电导率(30℃时是4.3×10-7S/cm,90℃时是4.7×10-6S/cm),且它的活化能仅为0.24eV,相对于碳酸锂晶体的离子电导率具有很强的可比性。加入的增塑剂(邻苯二甲酸二丁酯)和纳米二氧化硅可以降低碳酸锂颗粒之间的阻抗。另外,对于锂离子电池石墨/Li2CO3电解质/石墨而言,电荷转换电阻(即电解质与石墨电极之间的界面阻抗)要明显地比电解质阻抗高一个数量级,且它的活化能仅为0.42eV。这种多组分塑化薄膜电解质为提高充电电池的电解质的热稳定性和化学稳定性提供了一条出路。     

Modeling and optimization of catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene using central composite design

The central composite design in the modeling and optimization of catalytic dehydration of ethanol to ethylene was performed to improve the ethylene yield. A total of 20 experiments at random were conducted to investigate the effect of reaction temperature, Si/Al ratios of H-ZSM-5 catalyst and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) on the ethylene yield. The results show that the relationship between ethylene yield and the three significant independent variables can be approximated by a nonlinear polynomial model, with R-squared of 99.9% and adjusted R-squared of 99.8%. The maximal response for ethylene yield is 93.4% under the optimal condition of 328 °C, Si/Al ratio 85, and LHSV 3.8 h⁻¹.     

聚乙二醇支载的磺酸催化合成7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素

在聚乙二醇2000支载磺酸的作用下,以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素.通过实验发现:此方法反应条件温和,操作简单,催化剂可以循环利用,其催化活性通过6次使用后没有明显降低.     

电镀法制备基于龟裂网格模板的柔性ITO/Au网格复合透明加热膜

针对氧化铟掺锡(ITO)透明导电加热膜存在的抗弯折能力差、升温速率慢、稳态温度低等问题,提出了1种结合龟裂模板和电镀工艺构筑柔性ITO/Au网格复合透明加热膜的方法。通过扫描电子显微镜、紫外可见分光光谱仪、四探针测试系统和红外热成像仪等手段对比研究了ITO/Au网格复合膜与ITO薄膜光电性质的差异。结果表明,将Au网格与ITO薄膜复合可以在舍弃较小ITO薄膜透过率的情况下大幅降低ITO薄膜的面电阻,从而将其品质因数提高将近3倍;即使经过1 000次小半径弯折,ITO/Au网格复合膜的面电阻并未增加;在相同的加热电压下,ITO/Au网格复合膜的稳态温度显著高于ITO薄膜。相比于ITO薄膜,ITO/Au网格复合膜具有更优良的光电性能及电加热性能。     

新型纤维聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的性能及合成

聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯（PTT）是一种具有广泛应用前景的新型聚酯纤维,兼有聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBT）、聚酰胺（PA）的优良性能,其蓬松性、回弹性、柔韧性、抗污性、耐磨性、抗潮性、染色性等使用性能和加工性能较好.合成PTT,以Ti及其化合物为催化剂,采用直接酯化法路线为佳,酯化时所需反应温度高于PET,缩聚温度低于PET,各阶段反应时间比PET短.根据我国国情,开发研究1,3-丙二醇（1,3-PD）、PTT具有极其重要的战略意义.     

新型纤维聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯的性能及合成

目的:研究聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯(PTT)的性能用途及合成方法.方法:参考80篇文献进行归纳、评述和总结.结果:PTT是一种具有广泛应用前景的聚酯纤维,兼有PET、PBT、PA的优良性能,其蓬松性、回弹性、柔韧性、抗污性、耐磨性、抗潮性、染色性等使用性能和加工性能较好.合成PTT,以Ti及其化合物为催化剂,采用PTA路线为佳,酯化时所需反应温度高于PET,缩聚温度低于PET,各阶段反应时间比PET短.结论:PTT性能独特,优点突出,具有许多潜在的用途和广阔的发展前景.根据我国国情,应抓紧对1,3-PD、PTT的开发研究,具有极其重要的战略意义.     

Unperturbed dimensions of atactic poly（dibenzyl itaconate）s

The unperturbed dimension and temperature character of poly(dibenzyl itaconate)s (PDBzI) are studied by a revised rotational isomeric state (RIS) method. The improved formulas of the mean-square radius of gyration, deduced by the pseudo-stereochemical equilibrium approach, may be used to investigate the configurational-conformational properties of atactic polymers with large side groups [poly(itaconates) for instance]. The calculated results showed that poly(itaconates) have larger dimension of the molecule than other vinyl polymers. Comparison of the dimension between considering and without considering side groups showed that the effect of large side groups on the unperturbed dimension for short-chain polymers is more obvious than that of long-chain polymers and, if the dimension of side groups increases, the effect also increases. The dimension differences of PDBzI between short-chain and long-chain polymers are investigated by the relation of characteristic ratios and temperature coefficients with temperature. Moreover, the dependence between the temperature coefficients and the tacticity of chains shows that the temperature characters of the isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic PDBzI chains have remarkable difference.