Review:Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine,science or myth?

BACKGROUND OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDI- CINE (CHM) CHM is one branch of traditional Chinese medi- cine (TCM). TCM and western medicine have different ethnic and social backgrounds. The main difference between TCM and western medicine rests how to deal with illness. TCM, focusing on holism and naturalism, combines Chinese medical experi- ence with Chinese culture. In general, Chinese prac- titioners focus on the “yin” and “yang” balance in the body, which is in accordance wi…     

Anticancer effects of Chinese herbal medicine, science or myth？

Currently there is considerable interest among oncologists to find anticancer drugs in Chinese herbal medicine （CHM）. In the past, clinical data showed that some herbs possessed anticancer properties, but western scientists have doubted the scientific validity of CHM due to the lack of scientific evidence from their perspective. Recently there have been encouraging results, from a western perspective, in the cancer research field regarding the anticancer effects of CHM. Experiments showed that CHM played its anticancer role by inducing apoptosis and differentiation, enhancing the immune system, inhibiting angiogenesis, reversing multidrug resistance （MDR）, etc. Clinical trials demonstrated that CHM could improve survival, increase tumor response, improve quality of life, or reduce chemotherapy toxicity, although much remained to be determined regarding the objective effects of CHM in human in the context of clinical trials. Interestingly, both laboratory experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated that when combined with chemotherapy, CHM could raise the efficacy level and lower toxic reactions. These facts raised the feasibility of the combination of herbal medicines and chemotherapy, although much remained to be investigated in this area.     

PyNPase与肿瘤的早期预报

嘧啶核苷磷酸化酶(PyNPase)是嘧啶核苷补救代谢途径中的关键酶,广泛分布于微生物及动物组织细胞中。最近几年以来,很多学者对PyNPase在抗癌药物合成和癌症治疗方面进行了广泛的研究,并且在临床上也有广泛的应用。本文综述了PyNPase与肿瘤发生、血管生成以及肿瘤早期预报等之间的关系。     

铂类抗癌药物作用机理研究进展

顺铂、卡铂的开发成功和临床应用给癌症治疗带来了一场新的革命,几种新型铂类抗癌药物的成功推出开辟了铂类抗癌药物研究新领域.     

乳腺癌的免疫调节治疗(英文)简

Standard treatment options for breast cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and targeted therapies, such as adjuvant hormonal therapy and monoclonal antibodies. Recently, the recognition that chronic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment promotes tumor growth and survival during different stages of breast cancer development has led to the development of novel immunotherapies. Several immunotherapeutic strategies have been studied both preclinically and clinically and already have been shown to enhance the efficacy of conven- tional treatment modalities. Therefore, therapies targeting the immune system may represent a promising next-generation approach for the treatment of breast cancers. This review will discuss recent findings that elucidate the roles of suppressive immune cells and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the tumor-promoting microen- vironment, and the most current immunotherapeutic strategies in breast cancer.     

药物排入乳汁及婴儿摄入体内的量

乳腺组织是一种半透膜 ,药物在乳腺组织中以被动运转形成被吸收、扩散运行 ,哺乳期妇女在服用某些药物的同时哺乳 ,药物随乳汁进入乳儿体内 ,可使婴儿的血药浓度明显上升 ,导致某些不良反应 .     

Autophagy and cancer treatment: four functional forms of autophagy and their therapeutic applications

Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide. Drugs play a pivotal role in cancer treatment, but the complex biological processes of cancer cells seriously limit the efficacy of various anticancer drugs. Autophagy, a self-degradative system that maintains cellular homeostasis, universally operates under normal and stress conditions in cancer cells. The roles of autophagy in cancer treatment are still controversial because both stimulation and inhibition of autophagy have been reported to enhance the effects of anticancer drugs. Thus, the important question arises as to whether we should try to strengthen or suppress autophagy during cancer therapy. Currently, autophagy can be divided into four main forms according to its different functions during cancer treatment: cytoprotective (cell survival), cytotoxic (cell death), cytostatic (growth arrest), and nonprotective (no contribution to cell death or survival). In addition, various cell death modes, such as apoptosis, necrosis, ferroptosis, senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, all contribute to the anticancer effects of drugs. The interaction between autophagy and these cell death modes is complex and can lead to anticancer drugs having different or even completely opposite effects on treatment. Therefore, it is important to understand the underlying contexts in which autophagy inhibition or activation will be beneficial or detrimental. That is, appropriate therapeutic strategies should be adopted in light of the different functions of autophagy. This review provides an overview of recent insights into the evolving relationship between autophagy and cancer treatment.     

基于 Inception-ResNet-V2 的乳腺癌病理图像识别研究

乳腺癌严重威胁女性健康和生命,及时诊断并提供治疗方案给医生带来了挑战,病理图像分类结果是医生确诊的重要依据,实现乳腺癌病理图像识别分类具有重要意义及临床应用价值。近年来,大多数研究集中于良恶性分类,而不同类型的乳腺肿瘤本身具有不同病因及治疗方法。采用 Inception-ResNet-V2 深度卷积神经网络模型,实现对乳腺癌病理图像的八分类,利用数据增强和迁移学习方法,在 Matlab 上对数据集 BreaKHis进行实验。结果表明,该方法识别率基本达到 80%以上,比大部分已有研究成果效果更优。     

紫杉醇的药理与临床研究进展

紫杉醇是近年来用于癌症治疗的一种天然药物,本文综述了紫杉醇的药理作用及临床用于治疗卵巢癌、小细胞肺癌、乳腺癌和的近况,介绍了紫杉醇对其它癌症包括头颈部癌、宫颈癌、食道癌等的疗效研究及神经系统、中性粒细胞减少、过敏等不良反应,展望了紫杉醇的发展前景.     

Molecular biomarkers of colorectal cancer: prognostic and predictive tools for clinical practice

Colorectal cancer remains one of the most common types of cancer and leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Although we have made steady progress in chemotherapy and targeted therapy, evidence suggests that the majority of patients undergoing drug therapy experience severe, debilitating, and even lethal adverse drug events which considerably outweigh the benefits. The identification of suitable biomarkers will allow clinicians to deliver the most appropriate drugs to specific patients and spare them ineffective and expensive treatments. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been the subjects of many published papers, but few have been widely incorporated into clinical practice. Here, we want to review recent biomarker data related to colorectal cancer, which may have been ready for clinical use.     

MGMT和Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:研究MGMT和Survivin在乳腺癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法:福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋乳腺癌和腺瘤标本,采用SABC免疫组织化学方法检测MGMT和Survivin在这些组织中的表达。结果:MG-MT和Survivin在乳腺癌和乳腺腺瘤中的表达有显著性差异。MGMT在乳腺癌中的表达与患者的年龄、淋巴结转移有关,而Survivin仅与淋巴结转移有关。另外,MGMT和Survivin之间具有相关性(r=0.48,P<0.01)。结论:MGMT和Survivin的异常表达与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移有关;MGMT和Survivin可以作为判断乳腺癌发生和预后的重要指标;检测它们的表达可以指导临床上化疗方案的制定。     

Applying machine learning approaches to improving the accuracy of breast-tumour diagnosis via fine needle aspiration

Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have been improved during the last decade; however, breast cancer is still a leading cause of death among women in the whole world. Early detection and accurate diagnosis of this disease has been demonstrated an approach to long survival of the patients. As an attempt to develop a reliable diagnosing method for breast cancer, we integrated support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor and probabilistic neural network into a complex machine learning approach to detect malignant breast tumour through a set of indicators consisting of age and ten cellular features of fine-needle aspiration of breast which were ranked according to signal-to-noise ratio to identify determinants distinguishing benign breast tumours from malignant ones. The method turned out to significantly improve the diagnosis, with a sensitivity of 94.04%, a specificity of 97.37%, and an overall accuracy up to 96.24% when SVM was adopted with the sigmoid kernel function under 5-fold cross validation. The results suggest that SVM is a promising methodology to be further developed into a practical adjunct implement to help discerning benign and malignant breast tumours and thus reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis.     

HER2 over-expression and response to different chemotherapy regimens in breast cancer

Purpose To exam the relationship between HER2 over-expression and different adjuvant chemotherapies in breast cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 1625 primary breast cancer patients who received post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy in Tianjin Cancer Hospital, China, from July 2002 to November 2005 were included in the study. Among them, 600 patients were given CMF (CTX MTX 5-Fu) regimen, 600 given CEF (CTX E-ADM 5-Fu) regimen, and 425 given anthracyclines plus taxanes regimen, with mean follow-up time of 42 months. Results In CMF treatment group, the 3-year disease free survival (DFS)in HER2 over-expressed patients was lower than that of the HER2-negative ones (89.80% vs 91.24%, P=0.0348); in node-positive subgroup, the 3-year DFS was 84.72% in HER2 over-expressed patients, and 90.18% in the HER-2-negative ones (P=0.0271).Compared to CMF regimen, anthracyclines and anthracyclines plus taxanes regimens are more effective (P＜0.05) in node-positive HER2 over-expression than those in the node-negative. Conclusion HER2 over-expression is an independent index for predicting poor prognosis and short DFS for breast cancer patients. HER2 over-expressed patients are resistant to CMF regimen chemotherapy, but sensitive to anthracyclines-based or anthracyclines plus taxanes regimen. HER2 expression can be taken as a marker for therapies in breast cancer.     

谈抗癌资源植物及其化学成份

癌症是我国仅次于心血管疾病的人类第二杀手 ,目前 ,化学合成的抗癌药物对人体具有较大的毒副作用。因而 ,本文主要根据胃癌、宫颈癌、血癌、肝癌等癌症在我国发病率较高的情况 ,谈谈我国现有且已知的预防和治疗这几种癌症的资源植物及其天然化学活性成份     

Successful immunological treatment of gallbladder cancer in India―Case report

INTRODUCTION In cancer patients, tumor immunity is generally impaired. However, tumor immunity may occur in-vivo as circulating tumor-specific antibodies, with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) having been identi- fied in cancer patients (Disis et al., 1997; Albert et al., 1998) suggesting that effective anti-tumor responses may be elicited through immunotherapeutic strategies. In recent years, a number of clinical trials have proved the safety and feasibility of using human dendritic cell…     

血管内皮生长因子在乳腺良、恶性肿瘤表达的临床意义

目的：探讨血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在乳癌中过表达的临床意义。方法：取乳腺腺瘤47例,乳腺癌95例,利用SABC法检测VEGF阳性率。结果：VEGF在腺瘤中阳性率为25.53%（12/47）,在乳癌中阳性率为54.75%（52/95）;在浸润性癌和有淋巴结转移组阳性率明显高于非浸润性组和无淋巴结转移组（P〈0.05）。结论：VEGF过表达提示患者预后不良,检测VEGF对化疗方案选择有指导意义。     

Successful immunological treatment of gallbladder cancer in India Case report

Gallbladder cancer has a poor outcome because of its anatomy and location. Often, the diagnosis is made very late due to its silent course. Post-operated cases do respond to chemotherapy but the survival is counted in months and the quality of life is further hampered due to toxicity of drugs. Immunotherapy holds good promise in non-responding cancers treated by conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Among various therapies, dendritic cell therapy is growing at rapid pace due to its acceptable rationale. It has been utilized in treating successfully resected stage Ill （T2, N1, M0） gallbladder cancer in one of our patients. A 48 years old lady treated with this therapy is free of metastasis with ten doses of autologous dendritic cell vaccine constructed by utilizing resected tumor lysate antigen. She has received ten doses of therapy in 14 months of her treatment. This therapy has proven to be safe and without apparent side effects. The positive clinical response obtained supports that autologous dendritic cell-based immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for refractory gallbladder cancers.     

金属硫蛋白过表达对乳腺癌化疗方案选择的影响

目的：探讨金属硫蛋白（Metallothionein,MT）在乳腺癌中过表达的意义及其与乳腺癌化疗方案选择的相关性。方法：利用SP免疫组织化学技术,检测88例乳腺癌组织中MT表达率。结果：MT在乳腺癌中总阳性率为67.05%（59/88）。MT在髓样癌、小叶癌和导管癌中的阳性率分别为41.67%,85.71%和62.50%。在浸润型乳腺癌组阳性率明显高于非浸润型癌组（P〈0.05） 在小叶癌组阳性率高于髓样癌组和导管癌组（P〈0.05） 淋巴结转移组阳性率高于非转移组（P〈0.05）。结论：MT表达与乳腺癌的病理类型及有否淋巴结转移相关,检测MT对乳腺癌化疗方案的制定有指导意义。     

他汀类药物的调脂外作用

他汀类药物是一类主要降低血脂的药物,临床已广泛应用于多种心血管疾病的治疗。近期研究发现其除具有调节血脂作用外,还有较为重要的调脂外作用,如抗氧化作用,保护血管内皮细胞,抑制平滑肌细胞的增殖和迁移等,为进一步扩大他汀类药物的临床应用提供了理论和实践依据。     

恶性胸腔积液置管引流注药化疗的护理

目的总结43例恶性胸腔积液置管引流注药化疗的护理观察。方法采用Seldinger技术胸腔置管引流后,注入化疗药物,加强导管护理,注意临床观察。结果本组置管43例次,其中导管阻塞9例次（20.9%）,导管滑脱3例次（6.9%）,轻度穿刺点炎症4例次（9.3%）,未见导管断裂,近期胸腔积液完全清除15例（34.8%）,部分清除28例（65.1%）。结论加强对胸腔置管的护理及注意注药的方法是本组治疗的关键,此方法不良反应并发症少,患者痛苦少,治疗疗效佳,胸腔置管引流注入化疗药物是治疗恶性胸腔积液的最有效方法之一。