Establishment and Control of Water Hyacinth(Eichhornia Crassipes) Invasive Species in Aquatic System

This dissertation chiefly examines the functions of water hyacinth and discusses the potential problems associated with invasive species.In general,E.crassipes has significant potential as a source of biomass energy,such as improving physical properties of soil as well as soil structure;additionally,ventilates the soil and brings great conveniences for water penetrating through soil.With regard to the overall research,an amount of significant research has illustrated that water hyacinth can form dense mats that spread out across water surfaces in the end blocking the entire water body.Specifically,water hyacinth would change water clarity and lessening phytoplankton production,dissolved oxygen,nitrogen,phosphorous,heavy metals and concentrations of other pollutants.Relevant studies quoted in this report would gain prominence in further aquatic conservation and maintaining the integrity of ecosystem function since previous research and experience would be highlighted and explored in depth.Although some gaps between theory and experimental evidence still exist,preferable management method combines chemical,mechanical,fire and biological control methods with land management changes.     

Situation of China’s solar water heater industry, related national standards, testing and the Golden Sun certification program

China is the largest solar water heater producer and market in the world. Despite the fast growth and an installed capacity that accounts for the majority of the global gross, China＇s per capita solar hot water capacity is still very low, implying a huge margin of market potential; and the recognition of the industry in the global market is handicapped by the scattered scale of production and inconsistent product quality. To ensure continued growth of China＇s solar water heating （SWH） industry, Chinese Government has established a series of national SWH standards, three national testing centers, and a certification program to lay the foundation for the development of the Golden Sun product labeling system. China General Certification Center （CGC） developed the Golden Sun product certification and labeling system on a pass/fail basis evaluating with established criteria. The system was designed to help manufacturers acclimate to explicit consistent requirements and to identify and fix the deficiencies in the design and execution of the program itself. Timely revision and integration of the national standards are recommended to accommodate the test procedures and requirements to new technologies and the evolving SWH ,market. Strict implementation of the Golden Sun certification and labeling system are suggested to avail improving the quality control and forging internationally reputable brands of Chinese solar water heating products.     

Introduction to rainwater management in Australia and suggestions for China’s water problems

Australia is one of the world leaders in water management. The country meets the challenge of water shortage with established integrated water management in which rainwater is taken as a too precious resource to be just drained off. In Australia, rainwater is extensively harvested and polished to provide cheaper supply for potable and non-potable domestic uses, irrigation, landscaping, refilling aquifers and other uses. Implementing dual management over the quantity and quality of storm water and practicing water sensitive urban design （WSUD） in urban areas effectively control non-point-source pollution of waterways by pollutants carried with runoffs, reduce the discharge of rainwater and thus protect properties and lives from damage by floods. These achievements are attributed to constant reinforcement by govenments from federal to local levels in policy, financial, legal and educational aspects, and also to the lasting efforts of professional communities and water industry in developing requisite techniques, demonstrating the benefits and fostering public credence of rainwater reuse. The successful rainwater management practices in Australia suggest rainwater harvesting can be a complimentary means for the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme to solve the water shortage in China＇s northern regions, and thus release to a degree the pressure on the Yangtze water resources. Best management practices of rainwater can be an effective controlling strategy for flooding and non-point-source water pollution of waterways. Such in-site source control initiatives have particular significance to protecting slow waterways of weak selfpurification ability, like the Three Gorges Reservior.     

Using chloramine as a coagulant aid in enhancing coagulation of Yellow River water in China

Considering that contaminated raw water mostly contains high Ammonia-N and a majority of water treatment plants use prechlorination process in China,efficiency of chloramines as a coagulant aid in enhancing coagulation was investigated by Jar stirring and pilot-scale tests,using Yellow River water containing high concentration of natural organic matters (NOM) and bromide in winter. The jar tests results showed that,compared with no preoxidation,preformed chloramine apparently decreased the turbidity of settled and filtered water with low dosage (2.0 mg/L),and the aid-coagulation efficiency was further enhanced with the increase of chlorine (Cl2) to Ammonia-N (N) ratio. Pilot-scale studies indicated that,in comparison to the case without pre-oxidation,the turbidity removal efficiency of flotation and filtration effluent water was significantly improved,the particle counts of filtered water were decreased 63.4%,the average rate of filter head loss was reduced 18.2%,and filter run time was prolonged 15.7%. Therefore,chloramine preoxidation may substantially enhance the particle separation efficiency.     

阅读一篇新闻报导(英文)

China will begin channeling water from the south to the dried north this year-its largest water diversion (改道) project in history.By 2010,urban and industrial water users in Beijing and Tianjin-two cities short of water are expected to use water taken from the Yangtze River by the project's east and middle     

Anti-chloride permeability and anti-chloride corrodibility of a green high performance concrete admixture in concrete

1. Introduction In order to meet the demands of developing west zone of China and utilization of urban underground space, tunnel construction is increasingly paid more attention to in China. As is known, concrete is the main building material used in civil engineering, which is always affected and eroded by various ions in underground water, so the durability of concrete structure which is the main part of tunnels and underground projects, has been a hot subject for investigation in civil engi…     

Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the earth. The effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces (7～50 μm), reduced vascular tissue and absorbing structures. Textile waste significantly affected the size of root cells.The presence of raphide crystals was noted in parenchyma cells of various organs in treated plants.     

Quality evaluation and its application to surface water ecosystem based on maximum flux principle

Based on the maximum flux principle(MFP),a water quality evaluation model for surface water ecosystem is presented by using self-organization map(SOM) neural network simulation algorithm from the aspect of systematic structural evolution.This evaluation model is applied to the case of surface water ecosystem in Xindu District of Chengdu City in China.The values reflecting the water quality of five cross-sections of the system at different developing stages are obtained,with stable values of 1.438,2.952,1.86...     

研究表明美国江河水温变暖(英文)

New research by a team of ecologists and hydrologists have shown that water temperatures are increasing in many streams and rivers throughout the United States,aceording to a press release issued Tuesday(4月6日)by the Universitv of Maryland.     

The Use of English in Public Life in China

English as a world language has been paid much attention not only by individuals but also by governments in metropolises as well as small cities in China.Both individuals and governments in Tianjin,one of metropolises and Jiaozuo,one of small cities in China have realized the importance of English.Such a realization has resulted in the wide use of English in public facilities,such as traffic signs and tourist indicators,and English banking service Also,individual Chinese of different ages have a strong desire to learn English.Through comparing the use of English in a public life in these two cities,the authors intend to show a wide use of English in public life in China.     

滇池两种水葫芦的生物学特性研究

本文比较分析了滇池两种水葫芦的形态特征和生物量分配。结果表明,紫根水葫芦和普通水葫芦在根长、叶柄长、叶片长和叶片宽以及根冠比等的差异均达到极显著(p0.01)。紫根水葫芦的各个部分的干重都比普通水葫芦低,其中全株、叶柄、叶片干重的差异达到极显著水平(p0.01),根的干重差异达到了显著水平(p0.05)。紫根水葫芦和普通水葫芦在生物量分配上存在显著差异。两种水葫芦叶柄/全株和叶/全株差异达到显著水平(p0.05),根/全株、叶柄/根、叶/根、叶柄/叶表现出极显著差异(p0.01)。研究结果表明诱变育种措施显著地改变了水葫芦的生物量分配,较大的根系生物量分配应该是紫根水葫芦净化富营养化水体的生物学基础。     

淮河污染治理

回顾淮河污染治理的历史、治理的成果，分析当前现状，指出治理难点，提出有控制地广种水葫芦、集中造草浆、回收重金属、建立淮河环保委员会、淮河公众监督委员会等治理措施，认为这些措施能有效地治理淮河污染．     

农村环境污染问题的社会学分析

改革开放以来,中国农村的经济发展取得了巨大的飞跃。但与此同时,在经济发展过程中,农村日趋严重的环境污染问题也渐渐引起各方面的注意。由于农村环境污染防治工作的复杂性,农村＂脏、乱、差＂的问题依然存在,多种污染与生态问题交织在一起,不仅影响了农村居民的生活和健康,而且最终通过水、土壤、大气污染和食品污染等渠道影响到环境总体,造成整体环境的恶化。因此,笔者以社会学的视角,用城乡二元结构、环境不公等理论来说明农村污染问题的成因,并提出相应的防治政策。     

基于DEA模型的环保投入效率实证分析——以辽宁省营口市为例

辽宁省营口市作为东北地区第二大港口,经济发展势头迅猛。伴随着区域经济的增长,环保投入也随之增加,环保投入效率问题就成为重要研究课题。运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法,建立环保投入效率评价指标体系模型,并在此基础上综合分析废水、气态污染、固体废弃物及环境污染综合治理投入效率。研究表明,营口市的污染治理总体是有效的,但是存在气体污染治理上的投资冗余,固体废弃物及气体污染治理上的规模过大等情况,需要从产业规模控制、加大科技研发力度等方面加以改善。     

利用光诱导延迟荧光的除草剂光合代谢损伤的快速在位测定

叶绿体结构与功能以及相应叶片光合作用能力会都会受到除草剂的影响.植物叶绿体光系统II（PSII）被认为是光诱导延迟荧光（DF）的最主要的产生位点.以京黄3号大豆品种为测试植物,利用自行研制的便携式延迟荧光检测系统,研究了三种功能已知除草剂对DF衰减动力学曲线的影响.结果表明,通过解析延迟荧光衰减动力学曲线,发现延迟荧光衰减双指数数理解析式的变化能准确、真实的反应不同除草剂光合电子传递链的作用机制和作用位点.因此,延迟荧光衰减动力学可为除草剂药理分析、作物光合代谢损伤诊断以及新一代除草剂开发提供一实用、无损的新方法.     

制度空缺背景下的农村面源污染治理

农村的面源污染是非常重要的一个污染原因,但我国的正式制度在应对农村的面源污染却存在着空白状态。我们可以探讨寻求对面源污染的控制时其他的理论和制度资源的绩效,城镇化、村民自治与水权制度这些制度资源对农村面源污染起到了抑止作用,但效果不能尽如人意,还是存在制度与理论上的困境。我们应该积极寻找一切能发挥实效的措施。     

农村环境污染防治法制路径探析

近年来,随着新农村建设和农村经济的不断发展,农村环境污染问题日趋严重,加强农村环境污染防治工作显得日益重要。从农村环境污染的现状入手,分析农村环境污染形成及不断恶化的原因,提出建立和完善我国农村环境污染防治的法制对策。     

种植业水环境面源污染及防治对策研究

种植业生产过程中化肥、农药的过度使用及污水灌溉行为造成了农村水环境的严重污染在农村水环境污染源中,种植业面源污染占有非常高的比例.论文依据国家统计局统计资料,从化肥污染、农药污染、污水灌溉三个角度分析了种植业水环境面源污染的现状,并指出种植业水环境面源污染的危害,在此基础上从立法、宣传教育、农业污染优先控制区划分以及现代农业生产技术等方面,提出了防治种植业水环境面源污染的措施.     

FDI是“清洁”的吗？——中国东部和中部省际面板数据

随着中国经济的快速增长和外商直接投资规模的急剧增加,中国环境的承载力受到严峻挑战。在＂环境库兹涅茨假说＂＂污染天堂假说＂和环境竞次理论的基础上,利用中国东部十一省（市）和中部八省的七个环境污染指标数据,构建面板数据模型,对中国东部和中部的FDI的＂清洁＂程度进行检验。虽然各省FDI对污染指标的影响存在差异,但并没有足够证据支持＂污染天堂假说＂。相比较而言,东部的北京和中部的黑龙江的FDI是比较＂清洁＂的。     

禁止就业歧视的立法分析

就业歧视是一个世界性难题 ,在不同国家或地区不同程度地存在着 ,中国亦不例外。但遗憾的是 ,它没有引起我国法学界和经济学界的广泛关注和足够重视。首次比较系统地对我国就业歧视的主要表现、缘由、负效应以及现行法律法规的缺限等问题进行了尝试性分析 ;在此基础上 ,借鉴国外相关法律法规 ,立足我国国情 ,提出了我国禁止就业歧视之立法思路。