The 21^st century system reform and development mode of construction management education （CME） in China

IntroductionaConstructionmanagementeducation(CME),anewspecialtydevelopedwiththeeconomicreformandextensivemunicipalconstructioninChina,hasbeenofferedinmorethan200higheracademiesthroughtwentiesyearsresearch,innovation,collaborationanddevelopment.However,onlysixuniversitieshavepassedtheStateEducationalMinistry’sevaluationonit.Asin21stcentury,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthemission,aspectsandcontent,especiallyenviron-mentthatinfluencetheeducationofconstructionmanagement.Thispaperpresentssomeinn…     

Labour force participation of married women in China and Congo

INTRODUCTION In both China and the Congo, perhaps the moststriking change in the labour market over the past 50years has been the growth of female labour forceparticipation and the subsequent consolidation oftheir position at work. Of course, women have alwaysworked. Only, throughout the twentieth centurywomen’s work has increasingly meant participationin the paid labor force in addition to housework pro-duction. Women in large numbers have joined the paidlabour force. In …     

Introduction to rainwater management in Australia and suggestions for China’s water problems

Australia is one of the world leaders in water management. The country meets the challenge of water shortage with established integrated water management in which rainwater is taken as a too precious resource to be just drained off. In Australia, rainwater is extensively harvested and polished to provide cheaper supply for potable and non-potable domestic uses, irrigation, landscaping, refilling aquifers and other uses. Implementing dual management over the quantity and quality of storm water and practicing water sensitive urban design （WSUD） in urban areas effectively control non-point-source pollution of waterways by pollutants carried with runoffs, reduce the discharge of rainwater and thus protect properties and lives from damage by floods. These achievements are attributed to constant reinforcement by govenments from federal to local levels in policy, financial, legal and educational aspects, and also to the lasting efforts of professional communities and water industry in developing requisite techniques, demonstrating the benefits and fostering public credence of rainwater reuse. The successful rainwater management practices in Australia suggest rainwater harvesting can be a complimentary means for the South-to-North Water Transfer Scheme to solve the water shortage in China＇s northern regions, and thus release to a degree the pressure on the Yangtze water resources. Best management practices of rainwater can be an effective controlling strategy for flooding and non-point-source water pollution of waterways. Such in-site source control initiatives have particular significance to protecting slow waterways of weak selfpurification ability, like the Three Gorges Reservior.     

Spatial distribution of Cd and Cu in soils in Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area （SZIA）, China

Heavy metal contamination of soils, derived from sewage irrigation, mining and inappropriate utilization of various agrochemicals and pesticides, and so on, has been of wide concern in the last several decades. The Shenyang Zhangshi Irrigation Area (SZIA) in China is a representative area of heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from sewage irrigation for about 30 years. This study investigated the spatial distribution and temporal variation of soil cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) contamination in the SZIA. The soil samples were collected from the SZIA in 1990 and 2004; Cd and Cu in soils was analyzed and then the spatial distribution and temporal variation of Cd and Cu in soils were modeled using Kriging methods. The results show that long-term sewage irrigation had caused serious Cd and Cu contamination in soils. The mean and the maximum of soil Cd are markedly higher than the levels in second grade standard soil (LSGSS) in China, and the maximum of soil Cu is close to the LSGSS in China in 2004 and is more than the LSGSS in China in 1990. The contamination magnitude of soil Cd and the soil extent of Cd con- tamination had evidently increased since sewage irrigation ceased in 1992. The contamination magnitude of soil Cu and the soil extent of Cu contamination had evidently increased in topsoil, but obviously decresed in subsoil. The soil contamination of Cd and Cu was mainly related to Cd and Cu reactivation of contaminated sediments in Shenyang Xi River and the import of Cd and Cu during irrigation. The eluviation of Cd and Cu in contaminated topsoil with rainfall and irrigation water was another factor of temporal-spatial variability of Cd and Cu contamination in soils.     

Evaluation of the dust and methanol extracts of Garcinia kolae for the control of Callosobruchus maculatus （F.） and Sitophilus zeamais （Mots）

Insecticidal effects of different doses of the dust and methanol extracts of Garcinia kolae on Callosobruchus maculatus and Sitophilus zeamais were tested. The dust had no significant effect on the two insects, none of them died even at 3 d after treatment. The methanol extracts, however, had rapid lethal effects on both C. maculatus and S. zeamais. The mortality of C. maculatus by the lowest concentration of methanol extracts ranged from 95%-100% whereas in S. zeamais, the mortality ranged from 87.5%-100% and 70%-100% in concentrations of 1 g extract＋3 ml methanol and 1 g extract＋5 ml methanol, respectively, from 24 to 48 h. The least concentration of 1 g extract＋l 5 ml methanol had no significant lethal effect on Sitophilus zeamais.     

Oogenesis in summer females of the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel （Coleoptera： Curculionidae）, in southern Zhejiang, China

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, has two generations in southern Zhejiang, China. To determine oogenesis in first-generation females （summer females） and its relations to temperature, females were collected from a rice field in early and mid-July and reared on young rice plants at 28, 31 and 34 ℃ in the laboratory. Percentage of females having oocytes, number of oocytes of different stages （stage-Ⅰ, from early previtellogenesis to middle vitellogenesis; stage-Ⅱ, late vitellogenesis; and matute-oocyte stage）, and length of ovarioles were determined every 10 d of feeding. At each temperature, oogenesis took place in over 40% of females after 20-40 d of feeding, but only 0.0-3.3 stage-Ⅰ, 0.0-0.8 stage-Ⅱ and 0.0-1.1 mature oocytes were observed at each observation date. Temperature had significant effect on number of stage-Ⅰ oocytes but not on number of stage-Ⅱ and mature oocytes in early July females; temperature had no significant effect on number of oocytes of either stage in mid-July females. Conclusively, in southern Zhejiang, summer L. oryzophilus females have great potential to become reproductive on rice, but their oogenesis activity is very low, with the overall procedures little affected by temperature.     

Optimal bandwidth scheduling of networked control systems （NCSs） in accordance with jitter

INTRODUCTION Compared with point-to-point control, the major advantages of networked control (NC) include flexi-bility of operation, integrated diagnostics, quick and easy maintenance and monitoring, small wiring volume, low cost. There are also many disadvantages due to the limited bandwidth resources shared by all nodes. Two major consequences are the net-work-induced delay and the jitter, the transmission fluctuations of successive instances of a data, both of which can degrade the dy…     

Particle Swarm Optimization based predictive control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell （PEMFC）

INTRODUCTION Fuel cells have attracted more attention in the last few years due to scarcity of the world energy source. The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is the focus of current development efforts because it is capable of higher power density and faster start-up than other fuel cells (Zhang et al., 2004). Research emphasis is on high power density with adequate energy conversion efficiency. PEMFC performance is related to many factors, among which electrolyte membrane …     

The Influencing and Effective Model of Early Childhood Teachers＇Job Satisfaction in China

The purpose of this study was to explore the influencing and effective models of Chinese early childhood teachers＇ job satisfaction. Using a questionnaire of 317 teachers from 21 kindergartens in Shanghai, China, the present study established the influencing and effective structure model of teachers＇ job satisfaction. The results demonstrated that organizational climate and teachers＇ involvement in curriculum reform are the direct factors to affect teachers＇ job satisfaction, which is the important intermediate variable to influence on teachers＇ professional commitment, autonomy and burnout. It is also concluded that organizational climate improves teachers＇ professional commitment. What＇s more, involving in curriculum reform not only facilitates teachers＇ autonomy but also declines teachers＇ burnout.     

Water and heat transport in hilly red soil of southern China： I. Experiment and analysis

INTRODUCTION Located in subtropical monsoon area, the redsoil region in western Zhejiang, China, is one of themain cash crop production bases of this province. Dueto the climate, the temporal and spatial distribution ofrainfall varies greatly in this region. Only 15 percentof rainfall occurs in summer (July, August and Sep-tember), while about 60 percent of rainfall occurs inspring (from March to June). The region suffersdrought in summer and waterlogging in spring. Theparent ma…     

Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the earth. The effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces (7～50 μm), reduced vascular tissue and absorbing structures. Textile waste significantly affected the size of root cells.The presence of raphide crystals was noted in parenchyma cells of various organs in treated plants.     

面向21世纪的中国水资源市场

在分析了我国水资源开发利用中存在问题的基础上,评价了我国水资源的分配现状,提出了水资源市场中的水权转让应注意的问题和水权交易中的价格组成及水价种类。     

Modbus Plus网络在电厂水处理控制系统中的应用

介绍MB 网在电厂水处理控制系统中的应用。详细地阐述控制系统的网络结构、软件和硬件设计以及系统能实现的基本功能。     

《水污染控制工程》课程教学改革与创新探究

《水污染控制工程》是环境工程专业核心课程之一,为适应民族高校培养民族地区环境工程专业技术的需要,结合实际教学体会,在改革和创新课堂教学方式、完善教学内容、提高教学效率、培养学生创新能力等方面进行了探索。     

滇池两种水葫芦的生物学特性研究

本文比较分析了滇池两种水葫芦的形态特征和生物量分配。结果表明,紫根水葫芦和普通水葫芦在根长、叶柄长、叶片长和叶片宽以及根冠比等的差异均达到极显著(p0.01)。紫根水葫芦的各个部分的干重都比普通水葫芦低,其中全株、叶柄、叶片干重的差异达到极显著水平(p0.01),根的干重差异达到了显著水平(p0.05)。紫根水葫芦和普通水葫芦在生物量分配上存在显著差异。两种水葫芦叶柄/全株和叶/全株差异达到显著水平(p0.05),根/全株、叶柄/根、叶/根、叶柄/叶表现出极显著差异(p0.01)。研究结果表明诱变育种措施显著地改变了水葫芦的生物量分配,较大的根系生物量分配应该是紫根水葫芦净化富营养化水体的生物学基础。     

Anatomical studies on water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) under the influence of textile wastewater

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms) is a prolific free floating aquatic macrohpyte found in tropical and subtropical parts of the earth. The effects of pollutants from textile wastewater on the anatomy of the plant were studied. Water hyacinth exhibits hydrophytic adaptations which include reduced epidermis cells lacking cuticle in most cases, presence of large air spaces (7∼50 μm), reduced vascular tissue and absorbing structures. Textile waste significantly affected the size of root cells. The presence of raphide crystals was noted in parenchyma cells of various organs in treated plants. Project (No. 30070017) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

河工模型试验在闽江福州段水污染防治规划中的应用

采用了河工模型试验技术,对福州市内河污水和城市污水处理厂废水排放进行模拟研究。在此基础上讨论该技术在水质模拟和水质规划中应用的实现条件、存在问题和建议。     

加强课程实践教学提高实践技能

根据环境工程专业(大专)的培养方案,对《水污染控制工程》课程的教学目标、课程实践教学体系进行重构,改善教学条件、丰富实践教学内容、更新实践教学手段,实现了学生的实践能力与创造能力的培养与提高。     

校企协同《水污染控制工程》课程教学的探索与实践

《水污染控制工程》是环境工程专业的核心课程之一,其综合性和实践性极强,随着我国环保事业的发展,企业对环保技术型人才的需求量日益增加。本文在总结了传统教学模式的前提下,探索了校企合作培养模式在《水污染控制工程》课程中的应用,并提出了改革措施。     

抗战时期绥西的合作农场

抗战时期绥西合作农场,作为民生经济合作体制的重要组成部分,其创办源于1940年绥西的土地整理。当时,绥远省政当局为增加战时生产以配合军事胜利,运用国家政权的力量,对经土地整理丈余公田及取缔包租转租的蒙地。五十顷以上者交由省合作事业处组建合作农场经营。这一举措既促使绥西的传统农业向近代农业转化,又为抗战能得以坚持提供了经济保障。然其依旧是一个农村经济革故鼎新进程中的量变阶段。