Explaining Internet Connectivity

This article provides a framework by which rival firms' incentives for interconnection in unregulated telecommunications markets may be analyzed and argues that the widespread voluntary interconnection observed among Internet service providers (ISPs) is anomalous when compared with examples of other similar markets from U.S. industrial history. However, the fact that it is anomalous provides an opportunity to test common explanations and to explore new explanations for the remarkable connectivity observed among ISPs through a comparative analysis. The comparative analysis reveals that (1) network effects and competitive forces in telecommunications markets will not necessarily drive firms to interconnect their networks voluntarily as there are other options to them, and (2) government actions played an important role in shaping the interconnection behavior competing firms in telecommunications markets. The article then explores some of the implications of these findings for telecommunications policy, and interconnection regulation in particular.     

High-tech industries and competitive advantage in emerging markets: A study of foreign telecommunications equipment firms in china

This paper deals with the issue of competitive advantage among high-tech industries in emerging markets. It is argued that, for high-tech multi-national companies (MNCs) competing in emerging markets, technology leadership generates some very important competitive advantage that past research has not studied sufficiently. Data from 408 foreign-funded firms competing in China's telecommunications equipment industry provides convincing evidence supporting this argument. The results of this study highlight the need for high-tech firms to maintain technology leadership in international markets, including emerging markets. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings.     

中国电信改革模式的发展趋势分析

本文针对中国电信产业的现状和加入WTO后的国际竞争态势，在比较研究的基础上，运运经济学的相关理论，分析了中国电信长话、市话的拆分对企业竞争效率、消费者福利以及整体行业发展的影响，建立了中国电信改革的渐进式发展模式，并提出了相应的建议。     

网络产业接入定价与互联互通管制--对我国电信业互联互通问题的分析

随着我国电信、电力等网络产业改革的进展,互联互通问题也逐渐凸现出来。本文介绍了国外对垂直性的网络产业中互联互通管制的实践和相关的接入定价方法,并分析了目前困扰我国电信业的互联互通问题。通过分析本文认为:接入价格是实现有效互联互通的经济基础,接入价格应被设计为仅仅实现有效互联互通目标,而不能兼顾其他政策目标;过低的接入价格水平是目前电信业互联互通不畅的主要原因;我国目前应该选择以长期增量成本为基础的接入定价;在接入成本的计算方法上,应以长期增量成本法为主,短期内可以采用完全分配成本法作为一种过渡手段。     

“互联网+”背景下现代物流网络体系构建

将“互联网+”技术与物流业融合起来,构建高度互联互通的物流网络体系,才能不断提高现代物流业的智能化、自动化、专业化水平。采用系统分析的方法,对互联互通的现代物流网络体系进行研究,分析大数据等技术的物流应用趋势。除此之外,创新性的构建了制造业、冷链和电商三大物流网络体系,阐释了如何在现代科技的发展下加强物流网络体系的互联互通。最后,笔者对推进现代物流网络体系的互联互通提出相关建议。     

GREoverIPSecMPN技术在多校区校园网中的应用

为了充分发挥校园网为学校的教学、科研、信息交流、协同工作的作用,对多个校区的网络互连进行了研究,比较了几种VPN技术,提出了利用GREOVerIPSecVPN技术实现多校区网络互连,同时又能保证内部保密数据安全地网络中进行传输。设计了网络拓扑结构,构建了网络实验平台,配置了GREoverIPSccVPN,最终对配置的结果进行了验证。为多校区校园网互连提供了一种安全的解决方案。     

知识地图在多领域本体语义互联中的应用

以数字信息资源组织的多领域本体语义互联为切入点,通过对其目前问题的分析,提出引入知识地图技术解决本体的映射和聚类问题,构建了基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联框架模型。

Abstract：

Starting with the semantic interconnection of multi-domain ontology in digital information resources organization,and by analyzing the problems existing therein,this article proposes to use the knowledge map technology to solve the mapping and clustering problem of ontology.The article constructs a framework model of semantic interconnection of multi-domain ontology based on knowledge map.     

The regulation of telecommunications networks

Abstract

In the past several years, the number of sellers from whom customers of telecommunications network services can choose has increased dramatically. Whether it is the provision of domestic long‐distance service, or the offering of international telecommunications, or even the delivery of local communications, where previously service was provided by one firm or by a stable handful of firms that shared a market, users now have a wider range of choice and this increase in the scope of choice is likely to continue into the future. These changes, the result of a combination of developments in technology and regulatory policy, have created new problems for those charged with the regulation of telecommunications.

This paper begins by tracing the changes in regulatory policy that have led to the increase in the number of suppliers of domestic long‐distance telecommunications service. Then, it examines a number of principles for pricing telecommunications network services. Next, it identifies a number of explanations that have been offered for the proliferation in network services that has occurred. It then attempts to draw lessons from developments in the long distance market for the future of local network service. Finally, the paper explores the difficulties that policy‐makers will face in the new, more competitive environment.     

网络社团视角下的中国汽车产业市场结构分析

以产量为边权的企业-产品二分网络如实地刻画一个产业内企业与产品市场之间的关系,其中的网络社团揭示了哪些企业主要在哪些产品市场上展开竞争,是分析多产品产业市场结构一个很好的视角。在这个视角下对2000~2006年中国汽车产业展开分析,揭示了其市场结构的特点和演变规律。     

基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联研究

以数字信息资源组织的多领域本体语义互联为切入点.通过对国内外本体映射的研究现状及本体映射聚类的分析,构建了基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联框架模型.     

Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison

This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online.     

Environment and Policy Factors Shaping Global E-Commerce Diffusion: A Cross-Country Comparison

This article examines the key global, environmental and policy factors that act as determinants of e-commerce diffusion. It is based on systematic comparison of case studies from 10 countries--Brazil, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Mexico, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, and the United States. It finds that B2B e-commerce seems to be driven by global forces, whereas B2C seems to be more of a local phenomenon. A preliminary explanation for this difference is that B2B is driven by global competition and MNCs that "push" e-commerce to their global suppliers, customers, and subsidiaries. This in turn creates pressures on local companies to adopt e-commerce to stay competitive. In contrast, B2C is "pulled" by consumer markets, which are mainly local and therefore divergent. While all consumers desire convenience and low prices, consumer preferences and values, national culture, and distribution systems differ markedly across countries and define differences in local consumer markets. These findings support the transformation perspective about globalization and its impacts. In terms of policy, the case studies suggest that enabling policies such as trade and telecommunications liberalization are likely to have the biggest impact on e-commerce, by making ICT and Internet access more affordable to firms and consumers, and increasing pressure on firms to adopt e-commerce to compete. Specific e-commerce legislation appears not to have as big an impact, although inadequate protection for both buyers and sellers in some countries suggests that mechanisms need to be developed to ensure greater confidence in doing business online.     

非对称互联网骨干网网间互联质量决策研究

通过构建一个两阶段博弈模型分析不同互联方式下非对称互联网骨干网网间互联质量决策问题,分析结果表明:骨干网的初始用户规模差异影响非对称骨干网网间互联质量的选择。当初始用户规模差异较小时,不管是直联还是转接互联,主导骨干网和弱势骨干网都有激励提高网间互联质量;当初始用户规模差异较大时,弱势骨干网偏好于提高互联质量,主导骨干网在直联下通常选择降低互联质量,而在转接互联下则有动力提高互联质量;不管是直联还是转互联,消费者剩余都随着互联质量的提高而增加。根据研究结论,结合中国骨干网市场结构特征、制度背景约束、国外网间互联质量规制经验,提出互联网骨干网网间互联质量规制的政策建议。     

上市公司基本组织特征与创新类别的实证研究

本文通过区分渐进式的创新和激进式的创新，用相关分析研究了医药类和电子信息技术类上市公司创新的类别与公司规模、公司绩效、公司历史、高层管理人员年龄之间的关系。实证分析的结果显示，在上市公司中。规模比较大的公司倾向于进行渐进式创新，但公司的绩效并没有随着渐进式创新的增加而增加；公司上市时间越长。渐进式创新所占的比重越大，激进式创新所占的比重越小。本文认为，历史较长、规模较大的公司应该在创新上保持足够的组织、管理和决策柔性，以合理控制风险和保持长久的创新活力。     

Skills or networks? Success and fundraising determinants in a low performing venture capital market

This paper provides a novel interpretation of the factors leading to low performance in venture capital (VC) markets. By using human and social capital perspectives, we investigate the relationship between the professional experience and education of VC firm managers and i) the success of their portfolio firms on one hand and ii) their fundraising activity on the other. Our study focuses on the French VC market. The French business environment is characterized by tight links between businesses and the state and by powerful elite networks, while the VC industry has been dominated by government funding and incentives since the global financial crisis. We evidence a positive relationship between task-specific human capital variables and the exit success of VC-backed firms. However, unlike the research from the US market, we find no support for the claim that success determinants impact fundraising activity. Instead, we substantiate the importance of higher social networks for raising larger funds in markets with strong networks.     

空间通信网中音视频传输的应用层QoS控制与测试方法

分析了无线局域网、因特网和Ku频段卫星通信网的互联互通及服务质量(QoS)性能参数,采用视频帧率、分辨率自适应算法,提出了一种空间通信网中音视频传输的应用层QoS控制与测试方法.仿真实验结果表明,该方法提高了网络利用率,并具有良好的QoS自适应帧率调整能力.     

数字图书馆知识组织语义互联论纲

由于数字图书馆处在泛在知识环境(Ubiquitous Knowledge Environment)中,因此数字图书馆知识组织语义互联成为必须解决关键问题。本研究明晰了数字图书馆知识组织语义互联的概念、层次和必要性,分析了语义互联面临的主要问题,探讨了语义互联的解决思路,构建了语义互联的应用模型,为数字图书馆知识组织语义互联的进一步深入研究奠定的基础。     

Differences between learning processes in small tigers and large dragons: Learning processes of two color TV (CTV) firms within China

The main purpose of this paper is to describe the firm-level learning processes by indigenous firms in China, identify the differences between learning processes in small tigers and large dragons, such as China. This paper first sketches the history of the China’s color TV (CTV) industry in which learning processes take place to put the companies case studies into context. Then, this paper examines closely the actual experience of two major Chinese firms in their practice of technological learning. Finally, this paper finds that the most significant difference between learning processes in Chinese firms and these four other tigers’ firms is that, firms from four other tigers usually rely almost exclusively on export markets, but Chinese firms are mostly local market-focused.A novel contribution of this paper is its analysis of the issue: the two Chinese firms have followed not an export-growth path, but an local market-focused path, which proved to be much less successful in countries, such as India, Latin America, Africa and former Soviet Union. The success of this process in China hinges on the five critical factors: (1) a number of multinational firms are increasing their presence in China; (2) there is vibrant competition among domestic firms; (3) the huge domestic market is a key incentive for local firms to invest in technological learning; (4) Chinese central government takes a phased approach to liberalization of the domestic market; (5) there have a number of risk taking entrepreneurs with strategic version, who make investment decisions on learning. These factors should not be easily available to other developing countries. In this regard, China’s experience has limited application to other developing countries.     

制度环境、产学研合作与企业开放式创新路径研究

为探索我国企业取得高开放式创新绩效的路径,在中美制度环境与产学研合作背景不同的情况下,本文选取了中美两国19家典型企业,运用QCA多值集定性比较分析方法,对比分析中美企业开放式创新的多重路径。研究发现：(1)中美企业获得高开放式创新绩效路径各有两条。(2)其共同点是都具备良好的知识产权保护环境和产学研合作。(3)对中美企业而言,外商直接投资和产学研合作同时缺失会导致企业开放式创新绩效下降。基于此,为我国企业的开放式创新提出相应的建议。     

When do firms rely on their knowledge spillover recipients for guidance in exploring unfamiliar knowledge?

Knowledge spillover occurs when recipient firms combine the knowledge of an originating firm with other knowledge. When recipient firms combine the originating firm's knowledge with knowledge that is unfamiliar to the originating firm, the recipient firms potentially provide insight to the originating firm on the viability of exploring such knowledge. By mimicking its recipient firms, the originating firm reduces the challenge and uncertainty of exploring unfamiliar knowledge domains. We examine the exploration activities of 87 telecommunications equipment manufacturers over a ten-year time period. We argue that those firms that operate in competitive and dynamic market environments promoting conservative risk-taking behavior will value such uncertainty reduction more highly and thus rely to a greater extent on their recipient firms for guidance on where to explore for new expertise. In contrast, firms in high-growth market environments are more likely to look beyond the activities of recipient firms when exploring new technological domains and rely less on mimicking their recipient firms.