翻译,不自由的写作

翻译(笔译)是写作,但是不自由的写作。译者须听从他者,即听从一个以词语形式存在的文本。翻译者基本的和首要的任务是破解语言符号。把握词语的意义,穿透言语的外壳,已进入翻译的程序,进而须追踪文字的精神,理解文本的意义。理解伴随着解释。在理解和解释中,陌生、僵死的东西转变成绝对亲近的和熟悉的东西,从而把对原文文本的理解转述为另一种语言,变成一个新的文本。"翻译总是一种创造性叛逆",亦即"应用"。但是"创造"不可以任意曲解原文所指的意义。     

Identity politics,justice and the schooling of Muslim girls: navigating the tensions between multiculturalism,group rights and feminism

This article focuses on the concerns expressed by three female Muslim educators who are support staff at an English comprehensive school. Consistent with the debates associated with multiculturalism, group rights and feminism, the article illuminates spaces of gender constraint and possibility within the discourses shaping these women’s lives and the lives of the Muslim girls they educate. With reference to an initiative at the school designed to support these girls’ greater self-determination – an Islamic discussion group – the article highlights the significance of a justice politics that begins with overcoming relations of status subordination rather than on differentiated group identity.     

White British; dual heritage; British Muslim: Young Britons' conceptualisation of identity and citizenship

This paper examines young British people's conceptualisation of identity and citizenship. Data were gathered through a questionnaire survey from 442 young male and female citizens of majority and minority ethnic origins, aged 14–24 years and at different stages of education, employment and non-employment. This was followed up by in-depth interviews with a stratified sample of 40 participants. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative data, and by closely examining the two key concepts of identity and citizenship, the paper analyses the ways in which young Britons perceive their multiple identities and citizenship status. The research shows that education and career are the major priorities of these young people. They have clear notions of identity and citizenship and most are comfortable with their own identities and feelings of citizenship. However, some of those who are from a minority ethnic background have doubts about being viewed as British citizens because of racial harassment or stereotyping, particularly in the aftermath of terrorist attacks in the West. The research has implications for pedagogy, education policy, community cohesion and social justice.     

Perceptions of communication and education about sexuality among Muslim immigrant girls in the US

This research explored how Muslim immigrant girls' communication and education about sexuality was mediated through their mothers and school‐based sexuality education (SBSE) classes. Thirty mothers and their 38 daughters living in Illinois participated in focus group discussions and individual semi‐structured interviews that gauged girls' and mothers' perceptions regarding communication about sexuality and SBSE. Thematic analysis showed that little communication regarding sexuality happened between mothers and daughters, and that which did occur was confined primarily to the risks premarital sexual relationships posed to the social order. Furthermore, participants reported that although SBSE classes were informative, they perceived that these classes marginalized Muslim girls' experiences and decisions to abstain from premarital sex by primarily emphasizing prevention from sexually transmitted infections and diseases. Given these perceptions, some participants opted not to attend SBSE classes. This research contributes to enriching the knowledge base of sexuality educators and communities regarding the diverse challenges immigrant youths face in learning about their sexuality. Alternative ways to reach Muslim immigrant youths are discussed.     

英国联合政府自由、公平、责任的基础教育政策

2010年英国大选,工党、保守党和自由民主党经过激烈的竞争,最终诞生了二战后首个由保守党与自由民主党共同组建的联合政府.英国联合政府自由、公平、责任的基础教育政策和教育改革计划反映了联合政府的教育主张,必将影响英国基础教育的未来发展,使英国基础教育向着"自由、公平、责任"的方向迈进.     

自由:大学教师校本培训制度建设的核心价值

校本培训在促进大学教师专业化发展的过程中起着至关重要的作用,目前为各高校所普遍采用。作为一个特殊的社会群体,大学教师往往更加追求自由、崇尚自我价值的实现。基于大学教师的这种特殊性,我们认为自由是大学教师校本培训制度建设的核心价值,大学教师校本培训制度应有利于教师的自由发展,有利于学术自由,有利于大学自治。     

Confusion,contradiction and exclusion: the promotion of British values in the teaching of history in schools

This article discusses the challenges faced teaching the promotion of ‘British values’, especially for trainee teachers. The advancement of these ‘British values’ as set out by the Department for Education is confusing, contradictory, and appear to exclude a sizeable minority of pupils of minority backgrounds from the current historical narrative of Britain as delineated by the National Curriculum (2013). Moreover, there is little advice for new teachers on what these ‘values’ really mean or how they should be taught within schools, despite forming part of the standards required to achieve QTS. The author not only examines this confusion but provides the perspective of a former academic who has moved into secondary teaching, and their reaction to the teaching of History in schools and concerns regarding the History Curriculum.     

Malala: the story of a Muslim girl and a Muslim nation

ABSTRACT

In this article, we analyze the coverage of Malala in The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal to explore how these influential media sources characterize Islam and Pakistan to tell Malala’s story. Our discourse analysis reveals how these newspapers construct Malala’s status as a global icon as an embodiment of her subject position as a girl. This media discourse mobilizes Malala’s agency in relation to her potential as an individual whereas her vulnerability as a young girl is presented in reference to her Muslim heritage and culture. Malala’s image as a global icon, thus, is produced through approaching her as an agent in a culture where girls are vulnerable victims of patriarchy. Through focusing on this media discourse, this article argues that Malala’s image as a global icon of girls’ education has become a site to reinsert, rather than challenge, the dominant images about Islam and Muslim societies.     

The family and the development of literacy skills and values

This paper presents the initial findings of three years of field work with six families in which the children were considered by their parents to be successfully learning to read and write. The study represents an attempt to develop systematic ways of looking at reading and writing as activities which have consequences in and are affected by family life. In the present report, it is suggested that multigenerational family literacy patterns mediated by personal experiences of everyday life are of fundamental importance to the child's development of an individual educative style and, therefore, to learning to read and write. Consideration is given to the interplay of individual biographies and educative styles within each family. Variations are then explored in the degree to which each family specifically fostered literacy skills and values. Within this context emphasis is placed on the importance of the children's family experiences of print which are situationally diffuse, occurring at the very margins of awareness.     

Growing up female and Muslim in the UK: an empirical enquiry into the distinctive religious and social values of young Muslims

Abstract

What does it mean to be a Muslim young woman in Britain today and with which religious and social values do these young women identify? This paper tests the thesis that Muslim identity predicts distinctive values of public and social significance among female adolescents (13- to 15- years of age) who participated in a survey conducted across the four nations of the United Kingdom. From the 11,809 participants in the survey, the present analyses compares the responses of 177 female students who self-identified as Muslim with the responses of 1183 female students who self-identified as religiously unaffiliated. Comparisons are drawn across two domains defined as religiosity and as social values. The data demonstrated that for these female adolescents self-identification as Muslim encased a distinctive profile in terms both of religiosity and social values.     

"思想自由,兼容并包"与构建和谐社会

蔡元培在北洋军阀黑暗统治、封建复古泛滥的背景下,实施"思想自由,兼容并包"的教育管理思想,本质是支持和促进新思想、新文化的发展。在当前社会各阶层利益冲突加剧、思想纷繁复杂的背景下,"思想自由,兼容并包"有助于化解错综复杂的社会矛盾,构建和谐社会。既要让一切劳动、知识、技术、管理和资本的活力竞相迸发,又要坚持社会主义主旋律,进行爱国主义、集体主义、社会主义教育。     

Power,Freedom and Resistance: Excavating the Design Jury

There can be little argument that the design jury features as a key symbolic event in the education of the architect. However, whilst the centrality of the design jury as a site for learning disciplinary skills, beliefs and values is now widely acknowledged, there continues to be considerable disagreement about what is learnt and how. While critical pedagogues argue that the design jury is a critic‐centred event that coerces students into conforming to hegemonic notions of habitus, those who promote reflective practice see it as a student‐centred event in which a critical dialogue with experts supports students' construction and reconstruction of their own habitus. This article, inspired by Michel Foucault's writings on the analytics of power, reports on the findings of a yearlong ethnographic study carried out in one British school of architecture that sought to excavate ‘what really goes on’ in the design jury.     

口才不只是舌头的功夫,而是大脑的力量

口才不只是舌头的功夫,从根本上讲应该是大脑的力量.我们要注重优化自己的认识结构,学习科学的认识方法,通过培养思维能力来提高说话的水平.口才学也应该把表达主体的思维活动作为研究对象.     

A Different Type of Summer Camp: SNCC,Freedom Summer,Freedom Schools,and the Development of African American Males in Mississippi

The civil rights movement of the late 1950s and 1960s had a transformational effect on American society and on grassroots movements for social justice at home and abroad during that era and beyond. But much of the history of the push for racial equality in America is often told as if it is on a constant repetitive loop, when other accounts are given less attention. One less talked about story is the innovative way that the youthful Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) carried out major campaigns in the south, and particularly Mississippi, when other groups were hesitant to do so. During and long before the movement, Mississippi was a stronghold of racial prejudice and violence against African Americans. Despite the dangers associated with engaging in civil rights work in Mississippi, the SNCC workers, many of them only college students, planned a massive campaign to confront the system of injustice in the state during the summer of 1964. This undertaking came to be known as the “Freedom Summer.” Significantly, the organization established summer “Freedom Schools” as a compliment to the summer project that would address the severe lack of attention school-aged Black children received as a result of Mississippi's intentional neglect. It is within this story that we find a compelling case for the need to identify alternative means of providing academic support for marginalized youth.     

积极自由与消极自由——事件营销的道德问题分析

事件营销近年来国内外流行的一种营销手段,本文是以"王老吉"营销事件为例,从消极自由和积极自由两种不同的道德观进行分析,得出消极自由认同事件营销,而积极自由批判事件营销的结论。