影响广东省跳水后备人才培养的主要因素

通过对广东省跳水后备人才培养影响因素的调查分析,认为管理、教练员队伍、教育与就业、经费、独生子女等是影响广东省跳水后备人才培养的主要因素.     

第5届国际跳水比赛运动成绩的研究

通过对第5届国际游联跳水系列大奖赛的运动成绩对比分析研究,认为我国跳水运动项目仍有一定的优势,但前景不容乐观,部分运动项目优势正在丧失,后备人才缺乏领军人物.抓紧后备人才培养,认真研究跳水运动技术的发展动向,提高运动技术水平,才能保持我们的优势.     

影响广东省竞技体育后备人才培养的主要社会因素研究

竞技体育后备人才是竞技体育可持续发展的基础.文章采用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,对影响广东省竞技体育后备人才的培养主要因素进行分析,认为后备人才培养机制、学训矛盾、社会环境、引进与培养、独生子女等是影响广东省竞技体育后备人才培养的主要因素,并提出了相应的对策.     

2008年奥运会跳水后备人才培养对策研究

1.加强跳水后备人才培养管理(1)加强跳水后备人才市场的宏观调控。建立、健全跳水人才流动市场,完善国家和地方的分级调控政策,允许人才流动。少儿体校、重点中学、业余体校要建立跳水后备人才的信息网络系统,注重人才的流动与转让,甚至跨省、地区流动和转让。建立、健全跳水后     

广东省竞技篮球后备人才现状调查与分析

本文运用文献资料法、访问调查法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等研究方法,以广东省市级体育运动学校、县级业余体校、省级篮球传统项目学校、广东省篮球单项后备人才训练基地的篮球教练员和运动员为研究对象,对广东省竞技篮球后备人才培养的培养单位、教练员、运动员的现状与其中存在的问题进行了分析和研究。     

2008年奥运会跳水后备人才培养对策研究

研究跳水项目后备人才发展的对策,提出采取宏观调控、目标管理、体教结合、融合型的管理措施;走“精兵之路”,培养跳水后备人才队伍;加强场馆设施建设管理;开发独生子女资源,解决后备人才学训矛盾和就业出路。     

从十运会成绩分析陕西省跳水项目实力

通过对第十届全国运动会陕西省跳水成绩的分析（以及与丸运会时的成绩做比较）,说明陕西省跳水项目发展趋于平衡化,与跳水强省存在一定的差距;男女跳台和跳板项目都具有一定的潜力,女子项目发展缓慢;后备人才比较匮乏。并提出理论上的对策与建议。     

山东省短道速度滑冰后备人才培养研究

山东省短道速滑基础比较薄弱,后备人才缺乏,是严重制约山东省短道速滑项目发展的瓶颈。为实现山东省短道速滑项目的可持续发展,必须寻找一条适合山东省短道速滑后备人才培养的道路。通过对山东省短道速滑队后备人才培养的现状进行调查,明确短道速滑项目在山东省发展的影响因素,提出山东省短道速滑后备人才培养的发展对策。指出普及轮滑,改善场地条件,扩大短道速滑项目的社会影响,发挥竞赛的作用,提高运动员文化素养等策略。研究表明,体教结合后备人才培养模式是解决山东省短道速滑后备人才培养瓶颈的最优模式。     

广东省召开游泳项目研讨会

9月11日,广东省召开游泳项目奥运暨全运目标与后备人才培养策略研讨会。省游泳中心副主任李淑真主持会议,省游泳中心主任马国川就广东省游泳项目现状、训练竞赛体制改革及省一、二、三线队伍一条龙管理等问题进行了说明。省游泳队教练组组长李建平作了“北京奥运会给我们的启迪”的报告。     

广东省男篮后备人才现状与培养对策

通过调查与访谈,分析广东省青少年篮球后备队伍现状,对广东省篮球后备人才培养体制与运行机制进行探讨,以此揭示现代篮球竞技可持续发展的有效途径,为广东省篮球后备人才提供发展对策。     

Carbohydrate ingestion improves endurance performance during a 1h simulated cycling time trial

This study examined the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on metabolic and performance-related responses during and after a simulated 1h cycling time trial. Eight trained male cyclists (VO 2 peak = 66.5ml kg -1 min -1 ) rode their own bicycles mounted on a windload simulator to imitate real riding conditions. At a self-selected maximal pace, the cyclists performed two 1h rides (separated by 7 days) and were fed either an 8% carbohydrate or placebo solution. The beverages were administered 25 min before (4.5ml kg -1 ) and at the end (4.5ml kg -1 ) of the ride. With carbohydrate feeding, plasma glucose tended (P = 0.21) to rise before the time trial. Compared with rest, the plasma glucose concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at the end of both rides, with no statistically significant difference being observed between treatments. Thereafter, plasma glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) at 15 and 30 min into recovery, and was significantly higher at 30 min during the carbohydrate trial compared with the placebo trial. No significant changes in plasma free fatty acids were observed during the ride. However, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in free fatty acids was found at 15 and 30 min into recovery, with no difference between trials. Mean power output was significantly (P < 0.05) greater during the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (mean - S.E.: 277-3 and 269-3W, respectively). The greater distance covered in the carbohydrate compared with the placebo trial (41.5-1.06 and 41.0–1.06km, respectively; P < 0.05) was equivalent to a 44s improvement. We conclude that pre-exercise carbohydrate ingestion significantly increases endurance performance in trained cyclists during a 1h simulated time trial. Although the mechanism for this enhancement in performance with carbohydrate ingestion cannot be surmised from the present results, it could be related to a higher rate of carbohydrate oxidation, or to favourable effects of carbohydrate ingestion on the central component of fatigue.     

Science and medicine of rowing: A review

The biology and medicine of rowing are briefly reviewed. Effort in a 2000 -m race is about 70% aerobic. Because the boat (and in some instances a cox) must be propelled, successful competitors are very tall, with a large lean mass and aerobic power. Large hearts may lead to erroneous diagnoses of a cardiomyopathy. Large respiratory minute volumes must be developed by chest muscles that are also involved in rowing. The vital capacity is typically large, and breathing becomes entrained. Expiration cannot be slowed relative to inspiration (as normally occurs at high rates of ventilation) and the limiting flow velocity may be reached, with the potential for airway collapse. Performance is strongly related to the power output at the ‘anaerobic threshold’, and lactate measures provide a guide to an appropriate intensity of endurance training. Peak blood lactate levels are higher in males (commonly 11–19 mmol·l -1 and occasionally as high as 25 mmol·l -1) than in females (9–11 mmol·l -1), probably because males have a greater muscle mass in relation to blood volume. The skeletal muscles are predominantly slow twitch in type, developing an unusual force and power at low contraction velocities. Many rowers have a suboptimal diet, eating excessive amounts of fat. Lightweight rowers also have problems of weight cycling. Aerobic power and muscle endurance often change by 10% over the season, but such fluctuations can be largely avoided by a well-designed winter training programme. Injuries include back and knee problems, tenosynovitis of the wrist and, since the introduction of large blades, fractures of the costae.     

我国体育市场管理法规研究

采用调查法和比较法对全国体育市场立法和管理现状进行调查,对部分较早出台并有一定代表性的省市的体育市场管理法规的立法和管理情况进行了研究,提出了体育市场管理立法和管理的原则、基本程序、措施及其一般模式,为规范全国体育市场管理提供参考依据。     

重新认识体育的社会关联

体育与政治之间存在一个悖论，体育的发展与经济实力之间没有直线相关，体育与教育部分重叠，体育与宗教最为近缘，体育可借用科学手段，体育的艺术禀性日益明显，体育与养生反映着两种人生观。     

上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点探析

本文在专家访谈、问卷调查、数理统计和文献资料分析的基础上,探析了上海社区体育竞赛参与者的特点、参与者对社区体育赛事运作管理的看法等问题。在此基础上从引进社区体育赛事的志愿者、整合社区体育赛事的各种资源、开发社区体育竞赛的无形资产、组建非营利性的专业团队、规范社区体育赛事的服务管理等方面提出了进一步满足上海社区居民日益增长的体育竞赛参赛需求的对策与措施。     

对全面把握游泳训练环节的探讨

从系统观点出发,结合训练实践,对全面把握游泳训练环节进行探讨。认为应强化非智力因素在运动员多年训练中的作用,在育材全过程中不断选材,从整体上把握动态训练的全过程,把培养高水平运动员的整个过程置于一个严格的科学控制之下。     

我国优秀游泳运动员出发技术辅助训练的研究

为改进我国优秀游泳运动员的出发技术,采用观测和实验方法,通过拍摄运动员陆上和水下出发技术录像以及出发计时,对出发技术进行运动生物力学诊断和分析。在此基础上,根据运动员自身特点和不同泳姿提出相应的入水启动方式,并研制出发训练辅助器材,对出发预备姿势、腾起角度以及飞行远度和入水角进行控制。实践证明:这是一种快捷、有效的出发技术辅助训练方法。     

运动性呼吸肌疲劳与耐力性项目的运动能力

影响和限制耐力性运动项目的成绩的生理因素是复杂的和多方面的,取决于训练的强度和运动成绩.大强度持续性运动可导致呼吸肌疲劳.运动性呼吸疲劳可能在决定运动耐量方面起到关键的作用：一方面通过直接影响运动肌力量的生成（外周疲劳）,另一方面,通过肢体用力自感不安反馈引起工作肌运动单位输出功率下降（中枢疲劳）.对呼吸肌进行训练,可能有助于提高耐力性项目的运动成绩.     

Identifying home advantage in international tennis and golf tournaments

A regression analysis of competitors' tournament results in relation to their world rankings was proposed to identify the effect of home advantage in international ‘grand-slam’ tennis and ‘major’ golf tournaments. The results provided little evidence of home advantage in either the grand-slam tennis or the golf tournaments held in 1993. The only possible evidence of home advantage was found in the Wimbledon tennis and the US Open golf championships. Even these findings can be explained, at least partially, by (1) the availability of information concerning the low world rankings of the British tennis players competing at Wimbledon, and (2) selective entry, allowing only the world's top-ranked foreign golfers into the US open golf tournament. In both cases, the lower ranking home competitors have a greater opportunity to perform above their anticipated world rankings. Therefore, provided entry into tennis and golf tournaments is truly ‘open’ to both the host nation's representatives and foreign competitors alike, home advantage does not appear to be a major factor influencing the competitors' performance in such competitions. These findings may be explained by the relatively objective nature of the scoring systems used in tennis and golf, unlike the subjective influence of refereeing decisions on the results of team-games such as soccer.     

青少年业余足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型初探

根据Scanlan等人最新提出的运动倾向性理论模型,结合我国实际情况建立了青少年足球运动员运动倾向性5因素结构模型。运动倾向性被定义为:渴望和决心继续参加足球运动的心理状态。所建立的5因素结构模型认为,运动倾向性是由运动乐趣、参与选择、个人投入、社会约束及参与机会5个因素决定。经确定5个决定因素和运动倾向性的操作定义,编制了相应调查问卷,通过对北京市252名青少年足球运动员实测结果,建立运动倾向性及其影响因素的协方差结构模型,用Lisre 18分析的结果表明:该运动倾向性模型比较符合北京青少年足球运动员。其中运动乐趣、个人投入、参与机会和参与选择4因素对运动倾向性有影响;社会约束对运动倾向性影响不大。