论数字图书馆的元信息环境

本文阐述了数字图书馆元信息环境的涵义及元数据和元信息的主要功能及作用，概括了传统图书馆（包括数字图书馆）元信息环境的特征。总结出元信息环境是通过一系列高水平的服务来构造的，而其中的一些服务是由扩展的知识表示系统提供的。     

基于网络环境的用户需求与信息服务

文章从用户需求的几种趋势出发,根据信息服务特点,结合效用分析、服务管理以及信息经济学的理论,从用户、服务者和管理者3个角度阐释信息服务的基本内涵,提出应构建信息服务质量的评估体系及标准.     

Managing digital information resources in Africa: Preserving the integrity of scholarship

Permanent access and storage of recorded knowledge resources have been the cornerstone of libraries for centuries. Preserving the integrity of scholarship is one of the greatest challenges facing librarians and information professionals the world over today. In Africa the issue comes very much to the fore because of the prevailing conditions and the state of the continent's knowledge resources. This paper explores and reviews issues of permanency, accuracy, and integrity of stored digital knowledge resources in sub-Saharan Africa.     

数字环境下图书馆员信息素质培养策略研究

通过对212所高校图书馆网站的馆员信息素质学习栏目建设情况进行调查,从栏目设置、培训内容、培训方式等方面进行了分析。在此基础上,提出要从职业道德、业务素质和学术素质三方面培养高校图书馆馆员的信息素质,并强调高校图书馆馆员信息素质培养网上平台的建设策略：一是注重平台的互动性;二是提供课程资源共享;三是提供网上模拟考试系统。     

Mapping mixed methods research in library and information science journals in Sub-Saharan Africa 2004–2008

The purpose of this article is to explore the use of mixed methods research (MMR) in articles published in library and information science (LIS) journals in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) from 2004 to 2008. A mixed methods research framework provided in the methodological literature is used to determine how this method was practiced within the LIS scientific community in SSA. Six hundred and eighty five articles published in nine peer-reviewed LIS journals in SAA were reviewed, finding the dominant research methods in these journals to be survey designs and historical research. The use of MMR was limited: 48 out of 685 articles used the mixed methods approaches that were identified in the methodological literature. A paradigm shift and a change of mindset are recommended for LIS researchers in SSA so that they may exploit the advantages offered by mixed methods research in conducting their studies.     

Information Science Education in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Analysis

This article examines the trend of Information Science Education offered at various schools in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with a view to assessing the present status, appropriateness, and future possibilities vis-à-vis the global trend. Information Science education is largely offered at the graduate level in SSA. The level of information technology (IT) being offered in the curricula, and the laboratory and library facilities available have been examined. Analysis of the survey findings was based on the UNESCO Modular Curriculum for Information Studies, with special emphasis on Information Science. The majority of the programmes were established in the 1980s. Library and Information Science education has developed rapidly in SSA and graduate programmes seem to have increased. Problems facing information science education in SSA are evident in the study. Reference to the US and UK programmes provides a glimpse of the trends of information science education in the developed countries.     

The preservation of digital information

The emergence of digital libraries and publication is still in its infancy, but is racing towards a maturity which just five years ago would have seemed impossible. The principal problems which must be solved to make digital information a routine part of the information landscape fall into two domains— technological problems and social problems. It is probably not too much to suggest that a solution to most current technological obstacles to this networked world of information can be found in the next five years. Many of these problems have been addressed over the last two years in this column. At the same time the social problems, which are principally institutional and economic—such as, property rights and infrastructure (e.g., responsibility for access over time)—are not so close to resolution and may be harder to solve than those which are technologically based. Similarly, we are just beginning to consider the issues of preservation of digital information. Here the problems reflect not only technical issues but also the social ones which makes them doubly difficult to solve. For libraries and archives to manage digital information successfully over the long-term, these problems must be emphatically solved. If they are not resolved at the outset the legacy of digital information will be enormously more complex than print and the problems of preserving print materials—acid papers and embrittlement—will seem trivial by comparison. The complexity of this domain is reflected in Deanna B. Marcum's column— CBL, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland.     

数字化时代的大英图书馆

描述英国大英图书馆应用数字和网络技术,实施信息存储、修正、展示和传送的成功业绩,探索其对各种信息的获取、维护和使用的传统观念的延伸和改革.     

Gender and digital divide 2000-2008 in two low-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa: Kenya and Somalia in official statistics

The Beijing World Conference on Women held in 1995 by the United Nations member states, approved strategies for improving women's access to and use of new communication technologies. The aim of this paper is to retrieve official statistics for the years 2000-2008 with regard to sex differences, gender and digital divide (specifically concerning telecommunication technologies) in two low-income economies in Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya and Somalia. This paper reveals that official statistics on sex discrepancies and, the gender divide regarding access, use and benefits of telecommunications are still almost totally lacking for the countries in view. However, the digital divide is successively closing, and the telecommunication process in Kenya was quite rapid at the end of the period. Official statistics from Somalia are difficult to comprehend due to the absence of official data and a lack of evidence-based knowledge. Fifteen years after the Beijing Conference in 1995 there is still a lack of comprehensive statistics regarding new communication technologies for low-income economies such as Kenya and Somalia.     

The information needs and information seeking behaviour of family doctors

AIMS: To explore the information needs and information seeking behaviour of family doctors, identifying any differences in attitudes and behaviours deriving from membership of a training practice and investigating the impact of a practice librarian. METHODS: A case study of general practitioners (GPs) in Aylesbury Vale incorporated a quantitative study of use of the medical library, and two qualitative techniques, in-depth interviews and group discussions. RESULTS: A total of 58 GPs, almost three quarters of those in the Vale, participated; 19 via individual interviews and a further 39 via two group discussions. Family doctors are prompted to seek information by needs arising from a combination of professional responsibilities and personal characteristics. A need for problem-orientated information, related to the care of individual patients, was the predominant factor that prompted these GPs to seek information. Personal collections remain the preferred information resource; electronic sources rank second. The study demonstrated low use of the medical library. However, both vocational training and the employment of a practice librarian impacted on library use. CONCLUSIONS: The study illuminates the information needs and preferences of GPs and illustrates the contribution that librarians may make at practice level, indicating the importance of outreach work.     

我国预测性情报研究需求与研究模式

文章根据我国预测性情报研究的状况和需求,指出预测性情报研究是我国情报研究的趋势;探讨了预测性情报研究的相关问题及预测性情报研究的现实价值;构建了完整的预测性情报研究的流程模式;划分了预测性情报研究流程模式的三个阶段,并详细分析了三个不同阶段对信息研究的不同目的;提出了信息跟踪研究和结果反馈研究的观点,并阐述了理由。     

The paradox of the right to information law in Africa

Growing adoption of the right to information in Africa should, in theory, improve access to government data, reduce corruption and expand the frontiers of democracy. Yet studies demonstrate that the right to information has contributed little if not nothing to improve the fledgling democracy in Africa. This paper investigates whether the implementation of the Right To Information law in Africa is a paradox? The paper contends that that corruption, human rights abuses, restrictive media, absence of media pluralism, denial of access to information, lack of transparency and accountability continue to undermine the very ideals of Right To Information Law. To resolve this paradox, the paper argues that the passage of the right to information is just one of the democratic tests to a country and will require far more than a passage to ensure its success. It argues that making information available will not prevent corruption if the conditions for publicity and accountability are weak. The paper contends that the RTI is dependent on a number of factors which may take long period to have an impact. Political leadership, civil society involvement and a balancing act that would address both access to government records and the protection of individual privacy are possibly the cure to this growing paradox.     

The information needs of users of scientific libraries

This paper reflects the results of the analysis of user information needs that was carried out by the Library of Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (LNS RAS) for the purpose of gathering information on the quality of a reference-bibliographic and information service for specialists of the RAS in the subject of their studies.     

新产品开发中的信息需求分析

新产品开发是现代企业保持竞争优势的重要手段，在新产品开发活动过程中，企业必须有充分、可靠的信息作为依托。本文介绍了新产品开发过程中信息需求的类型，分析了信息需求的特征，重点论述了在新产品开发过程中企业获取信息的途径。