面向本科生开放大型仪器的实践

阐述了大型仪器面向本科生开放的经济效益和社会效益,分析了制约大型仪器面向本科生开放的诸多因素并提出了解决问题的方法。介绍了吉林大学针对本科生开展大型仪器使用技能训练的实践方法,并以具体案例加以说明。证明了长期以来被定位于为科研服务的大型仪器完全可以面向本科生深度开放,为高端人才培养服务。     

大型仪器面向本科生开放过程存在的问题与解决对策

阐述了大型仪器在高校本科生综合素质培养中的地位,分析了大型仪器在面向本科生实验教学中面临的主要问题。强调大型仪器面向本科生开放,提出通过认知实习、设置多层次实验课程和实训实验,将大型仪器用于本科生实验教学的具体做法,使大型仪器能够更好地为创新型人才培养服务。     

以培养本科生自主学习能力为目的的大型仪器开放实验教学

大型仪器具有研究和教学双重功能,能否使用大型仪器是体现理工科本科生科研素质及创新能力的一个重要标志。分析了目前高校大型仪器向本科生开放所面临的困难,针对性地提出了解决措施。①从管理体系着手,建立仪器网络管理系统及预实习培训机制,为大型仪器的开放创建保障条件;②开发出系列能体现大型仪器特色的实验项目,结合项目对本科生开展开放实验教学。以同济大学化学实验教学中心为例,详细介绍了该举措的实施情况,分析了教学效果,并对该项工作的前景进行了展望。     

虚实结合扩大大型仪器设备对本科实验教学开放

分析了高校大型仪器设备不能完全对本科生开放的原因,探索了大型仪器设备对本科实验教学开放的有效途径。介绍了华中科技大学环境科学与工程学院开设本科生仪器分析选修课,大型仪器设备对本科实验教学开放的做法和取得的效果。这一做法最大限度地提高了仪器设备的利用率,使其更好地为教学、科研服务。     

大型仪器共享平台建设在一流大学人才培养能力建设中的作用

在"双一流"建设以及创新人才培养的过程中,通过深度开放高校大型仪器设备、构建校级共享平台,实现大型仪器设备"网络预约—软硬件联动—自主测试—远程管理"全方位开放的管理运行模式;发挥分析测试公共平台的引导作用,进而在本科生中开设现代仪器分析课程,并配合独立设课的大型仪器分析实验课程和其他本科生创新实践,拓展本科生的科学视野与分析方法手段,为突破本科生创新能力培养学术层次的瓶颈,探索出一条新途径。     

大型仪器XCT在本科生探究性与创新性实验中的应用

提高大型仪器使用效率、加强开放共享是许多高校面临的棘手问题。从教学模式、仪器管理等角度介绍了浙江大学建筑工程学院基于大型仪器XCT开设土木工程专业本科生探究性与创新性实验教学的实践。结果表明,该类课程有利于全面培养学生的动手能力与科研思维,并激发本科生科研兴趣,助推本科生早日走上科研之路;搭建宏观与微观的桥梁,丰富土木工程材料实验课程体系;同时可显著提高大型仪器的使用效益。通过制定定期培训、安全卫生等管理制度,提升了实验室教师的管理水平。     

不可忽视的实验环节——分析样品前处理

本文通过学生在大型仪器分析实验(离子色谱分析)中经常出现的问题,阐明了大型仪器对本科生开放的同时也常常被忽略的实验环节:样品前处理。对于未经前处理的样品,在分析时给仪器带来故障该如何排除也做了简单的介绍。     

高校大型仪器在本科创新人才培养中的应用探讨

大型仪器设备作为高校教学和科研的重要资源,在本科创新人才培养中发挥着举足轻重的作用。文章分析了大型仪器在本科创新人才培养中存在的主要问题,从教学内容、培训制度和考核机制三个方面探讨了应用改进措施：从实验教学内容入手,开发设计能发挥大型仪器特色的实验课程;建立定期培训制度,为大型仪器向本科生开放提供条件;制订多元化评价标准,完善大型仪器考核评价体系,发挥考核指标的引导作用。通过这些措施,以期充分发挥大型仪器在培养学生科研素养和创新实践能力方面的优势作用。     

研究型大学中的开放实验和大型仪器开放

通过开放实验和大型仪器开放来提高学生的实践能力、培养创新人才,是研究型大学采取的有力措施之一。对开放现状进行分析表明,研究型大学中普遍存在实验和大型仪器开放程度不够、运转不流畅和新形势下实验教师责权利不明确等问题。在此基础上,结合实验和大型仪器开放运行特点,提出了深化实验和大型仪器开放程度的5条措施。     

大型仪器有偿服务的实践与探索

介绍了浙江大学大型仪器有偿服务机制的建设背景、建设内容,分析了在大型仪器有偿服务机制建设过程中所遇到的问题及相应的对策,总结了大型仪器有偿服务机制可持续发展所需具备的条件。实践表明,大型仪器有偿服务机制是促进大型仪器开放共享的有效经济手段。     

大学本科教学合理“增负”的意义、影响及策略

"严进宽出"是当下很多大学的培养模式和实际做法。在这种模式和做法下,出现了学生学业负担明显下降、大学教育质量下滑的情形。大学生学业合理"增负"作为高等教育基于教育内外部发展环境与条件做出的及时而正确的选择与判断。大学生合理"增负"将会对现有大学本科教学组织工作产生前所未有的影响,将会对现有大学本科教学改革发挥积极推进作用。新形势下,如何设计大学本科教学理念,开展本科教学组织工作,优化本科教学过程管理,推动本科教学改革,实现合理"增负"目标,促进学生学业质量提升,就成为大学当下在人才培养过程中需要重点思考和着力解决的问题。     

走向深度学习:地方本科院校学生学习方式的变革

作为“互联网+”时代全新的教育理念和学习方式变革,深度学习成为地方本科院校学生学习质量的重要表征。深度学习是高阶思维的认知重构过程,是深度参与的交往互动过程,也是积极投入的主体成长过程。地方本科院校学生从浅层学习到深度学习的演进经历了接受学习、参与学习和创造学习三个阶段。从认知内容、学习动机和社会互动三个维度来看,地方本科院校学生深度学习的实现机制和发展价值是:从原理记忆到项目实践的认知内容高阶化,促进学生文化性发展;从被动接受到主动创新的学习动机内化,促进学生自主性发展;从主客体互动到实践共同体的社会交往深化,促进学生社会性发展。基于此,促进地方本科院校学生深度学习的实践策略为:重视价值观引导和生涯规划、重构充满“获得感”的课程体系、创建学习实践共同体、打造智慧学习生态。     

Students as Scholars: Integrating Independent Research into Undergraduate Education

Undergraduate programs across the country are working to develop students as scholars, integrating independent scholarly experiences into traditional undergraduate classroom environments (see, e.g. George Mason University's Students as Scholars Quality Enhancement Plan; Boston University’s Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program; University of Houston’s Learning through Discovery; University of Michigan’s Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program; etc.). Scholars and universities have touted the benefits of engaging students in research experiences for students as well as faculty. However, there is little empirical work exploring how undergraduate students adapt to their new role as scholars. In this paper, we explore the process of students integrating research into their undergraduate classroom experience. Based on participant observation and pre and postsemester survey data, we discuss the process of students learning as scholars in a capstone Criminology, Law & Society course. We focus on how students gathered and analyzed data and integrated their research experience into their overall learning for the course. We find the process of research reinforces the learning objectives of the course.     

基于软件工程的计算机专业学生的毕业设计

毕业设计是大学学习生活的最后一个组成部分。着重分析在毕业设计过程中存在的问题,并阐述软件工程的基本思想,以及怎样运用软件工程的理论思想指导计算机专业学生的毕业设计。     

自考本科对提升高职在校生综合素质的优势分析

为了提升高职学生综合素质、增强其综合能力,应当发挥自考本科的优势,为高职学生提供更广阔的学习和发展空间,使之成为高素质的复合型人才。自考本科对提升高职学生综合素质的优势主要体现在四个方面：自考本科专业的自主选择,有利于增强学生的自主学习能力;自考本科学习方式的灵活多样,有利于提高学生的学习兴趣;自考本科双学历课程的攻读,有利于造就优秀的职业素质;参加学习自考本科的全过程,有利于培养学生独立学习的能力和毅力。     

Implementing Effective Internships: A Case Study of Work-Integrated Learning in a Chinese Undergraduate University

Chinese local undergraduate universities are in a process of transition into universities of applied sciences. Important aspects of this include strengthening cooperation between universities and industry, cultivating applied talent needed in industry, improving students’ employment rates, and promoting economic development. Internships are an important way to help students gain practical experience and deepen university-industry cooperation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the challenges of the existing internship process in an undergraduate university in China and give suggestions to improve internship quality. Qualitative data from 35 students and 12 administrators/faculty were collected at a local undergraduate university, H University (HU), in central China, which is currently undergoing the process of becoming a university of applied sciences. The findings of the study show issues with the university’s model, including communication between industry and university, internship evaluation, student guidance, and internship quality. Recommendations based on the literature are provided.     

Engaging Undergraduate Kinesiology Students in Clinically-based Research

Many undergraduate students in kinesiology are interested in clinical careers and seek research opportunities for advanced study and unique learning experiences. This article describes a process of engaging undergraduate students in a multi-disciplinary, National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded program project investigating factors that may affect pelvic floor support and symptoms in primiparous women during the first year postpartum. Students complete general and protocol-specific training prior to engagement, have specific tasks that reinforce skill development and require independence, and are invited to participate in additional opportunities with the investigative team. The topic of pelvic floor health is novel to most students and participation in this research expands their knowledge beyond a mainstream kinesiology curriculum. Institutionalizing this type of program could formalize undergraduate student research experiences and facilitate ongoing clinical research efforts with a kinesiology focus.     

The collaborative book review as an opportunity for undergraduate research skill development

ABSTRACT

In this article, the authors, based on a process developed in the context of US higher education, demonstrate a model for undergraduate student research skill development that involves academic staff writing collaborative book reviews with undergraduate students and librarians, especially librarians that are also academic staff with relevant content expertise. This model can and should be modified to fit various disciplinary contexts and academic circumstances, potentially around the world. The authors acknowledge that this model will be more useful for academic staff in the social sciences and humanities as compared to the so-called hard or natural sciences. The authors reimagine book reviews based on the notion of ‘scholarship as conversation’ in library science. As evidence, the authors describe the origins of this unique collaborative process and document the impact of academic staff, librarians, and undergraduate students partnering to increase the academic rigor of book reviews. Contributing to scholarship at the intersection of research skill development, information literacy, and embedded librarianship, this article identifies a strategic opportunity for collaboration that makes writing reviews more engaging and educationally productive for students, academic staff, and librarians.     

本科师范生心理学知识体系建构

传统的本科师范生心理学课程内容存在诸如理论性太强、缺乏实用性等缺点。为了弥补这些缺陷,满足本科师范生的发展需求,应在强调实用性的基础之上,建构符合本科师范生未来职业发展需求的心理学知识体系。该知识体系由三部分组成,分别是：教师心理素质方面的心理学知识、和教师与学生的心理特征相关的心理学知识、教学活动中所需要的心理学知识。