公共领域与规范民主——读《公共领域的结构转型》

哈贝马斯试图通过追溯以往的理想时代,激活当代的公共领域,并通过对话语的规范和交往条件的限制实现政治领域的交往理性从而应对资本主义合法化危机,以便为当今日渐干涸的民主精神找到活水之源。     

民主、公开、参与--传统媒体迎接新的挑战

随着网络媒体的兴起 ,它的特点和优势也越来越突出 ,即传播内容的多元化 ,传播模式的交互性 ,受众选择的自由度 ,由此形成了对传统媒体的严峻挑战。传统媒体为了能在激烈的市场竞争中生存和发展 ,报纸、广播、电视必须改变长期以来形成的不适应时代发展的管理模式和传播方法 ,在科学与民主的旗帜下 ,在保证社会稳定和发展的前提下 ,加强新闻传播的民主化、公开性和参与度。思想观念的转变 ,管理机制的建立 ,传播方式的创新是传统媒体迎接挑战并能够取得胜利的重要保证     

服务社区--档案工作走向民众的新契机

电子文件管理与档案职业走向是本世纪档案工作的两大主题,而后者是前者的延伸和必然结果.对两个主题的思考也使我们感到档案工作走向民众有了可能,这种可能就是服务社区.     

我国社会公共领域大众媒介与民意浪潮博弈

在媒介形态日益多样化的今天,平台的开放、民众的介入、渠道的宽泛使得展现于公共视野中的事件在全方位的监督下更加逼近事实真相.但是,在某种意义上,真相的呈现与事实的裁定属于两个概念范畴,进入到公共领域的事件,在事件的推进与相关部门的处理过程中,媒介必然介入其中,并发挥相应作用.与此同时,开放的公共平台使得媒介基于宏观与微观因素的考量,都会参考或不同程度的重视民众的"发声",媒介在理性客观分析报道中难免与公众某些带有情绪化的感性判断发生冲突,矛盾凸显.     

大众传媒、事件公众与多元公共领域——基于于欢案的分析

本文以多元公共领域理论作为出发点,基于个案研究法,聚焦于欢案在网络空间的传播过程,从媒体和公众两个角度探寻于欢案何以能够从一起普通的刑事案件成为众人关注的公共事件,并最终实现舆论与法律之间的良性互动。分析结果显示,社交媒体有助于提高新闻事件的"可见度",而大众传媒则在引导和凝聚舆论方面作用显著。围绕事件议题而形成的事件公众,通过诉求多元、情绪与理性交叠的讨论和互动,有助于获得司法机关的正面回应,推动事件进入政策议程,并最终在人性伦理和法律公正之间实现平衡。     

近代中国公共领域与知识分子

中日甲午海战以清王朝的失败而告终,由于受到马关条约的刺激,以康有为、梁启超等维新人士为代表的一批士大夫知识分子和开明官僚,开始幡然醒悟,1896年1月强学会在上海成立,同年1月12日《强学报》创刊,一时间,报纸、学堂、学会风起云涌,面对内忧外患的现实,这些媒体、团体继承了     

结构、再现与交互:新媒体对社区公共领域的重构

"公共领域"理论的提出,本身就与媒介有着密不可分的关系,在媒介发展的进程中,都曾为构筑公共领域提供过条件。本文在对哈贝马斯理论深究的基础上,选取社区这一中观层面,考察新媒体与传统媒体在社区公共领域构建中的作用。分析发现,新媒体在内容生产方式、传播模式等方面,拥有比传统媒体更适合塑造公共空间的优势,新媒体在公共领域的建构上显现出突出作用,在此基础上,启发了社区治理不同主体参与的新模式、新趋势。     

社区自治与基层民主的新实践

社区自治的发展是最近几年来中国城市基层所出现的最大变化之一。这种变化产牛的原因植根于城市经济的发展所带来的社会变化，必须要找到一种与之相适应的社会基层组织形式。     

中国报刊与公共领域的构建

1962年,德国学者哈贝马斯在其<公共领域的结构转型>中论述了公共领域的定义.即政治权力之外,作为民主政治基本条件的公民自由讨论公共事务、参与政治的活动空间.     

大众媒介与公共领域——传播政治经济学的观点及启示

关于大众媒介与公共领域的问题的研究很早就出现在法兰克福学派的著作中，其中最著名的就是哈贝马斯的《公共领域的结构转型》。在这部著作中，哈贝马斯分析了大众媒介在资产阶级公共领域形成、发展中的作用，指出，大众传播的商业化(市场化)使大众传媒丧失了批判功能。成为政党制造舆论气氛的工具，成为操纵人为的公共领域的工具。传播政治经济学在很大程度上也受到这种观点的影响，认为大众传播私有化、市场化是以牺牲公共领域为代价的，它所带来的媒介所有权集中、     

Letters to the Editor as a Forum for public deliberation: modes of publicity and democratic debate

–This paper traces, through in-depth interviews with San Francisco Bay letters editors, the criteria editors use to select letters, and examines how these criteria contribute to constructing the public by privileging certain forms of expression, and suppressing others. In constructing a theoretical framework, the paper draws on political philosophy to distinguish between three prevalent modes of publicity: Exhibitionist publicity, focused on the display of individual greatness; dialogist publicity, emphasizing democratic dialogue between groups and individuals; and activist publicity, which entails the confrontation between groups that seek to advance political goals. With this framework in mind, it is argued that editors' policies on letters selection bring about two orientations toward public debate: First, editors privilege individual expression over the expression of activist groups. Secondly, editors prefer the emotionally charged stories of individuals. These orientations challenge the ideals of rationality and deliberation that underlie the practice of dialogist publicity, as well as the contestatory nature of activist publicity. Instead, editors' principles favor an exhibitionist publicity. The paper explores the political philosophical implications of this orientation, arguing that while it does not square with democratic ideals, we must be cognizant of how such display can bring about social solidarity.     

Information policy, information access, and democratic participation: The national and international implications of the Bush administration’s information politics

Much of information policy is focused on establishing the parameters of information access—ensuring or limiting access to certain types of information. Given how central information access is to virtually every aspect of society, policy can be seen as one of the most significant forces influencing the information society. Recent events, however, have fueled changes in the ways that some governments use policy to shape access, none more significantly than the United States. This paper examines the meanings of and relationships between policy and access, as well as their key roles in society and democratic participation. Following an examination of the historical and social impacts of policies about access, the article analyzes the perspectives of the Bush administration on how policy should shape information access as an illustration of the relationships between policy and access. The paper examines the issues raised by the Bush administration’s views on access and policy and the implications of their policies for the United States, for the global information society, and for research related to information. Ultimately, the paper raises questions about the extent to which information policies about access can be used for overtly political purposes, what might be described as “information politics,” without significantly altering the meaning of information access in a society.     

Living with a rare health condition: the influence of a support community and public stigma on communication,stress, and available support

People affected by rare diseases often have limited coping resources and sometimes face stigma. They build communities with others who share their conditions, but not all members may benefit from these communities. This study investigated how adults with a rare genetic health condition (Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency; AATD) think about both the Alpha-1 community and public stigma about AATD, and how these cognitions predict their communication responses and well-being. The results showed that people with AATD-encountered stigmatization from various sources. Stronger public stigma predicted more secrecy, more stress, and less available support. Stronger group identification with the Alpha-1 community predicted less secrecy; stronger group activism predicted more available support and more communication to challenge stigmatizers. Post hoc analyses showed significant interactions between public stigma and group cognitions on communication to challenge stigmatizers. Practical implications for bolstering communities to improve the well-being of people with rare diseases were discussed.     

绩效管理:图书馆人力资源管理的新视野

针对图书馆现行绩效考核存在的问题,提出在图书馆中应引入绩效管理,以取代目前的绩效考核,促进图书馆人力资源管理的规范化、科学化.     

Technology,public policy,and the changing nature of federal information dissemination: Overview of a new office of technology assessment study

Use of information technology—such as electronic document filing, computerized databases, optical disks, electronic mail, electronic remote printing, and electronic bulletin boards—could revolutionize the public information functions of the Federal government. Technology is providing many new opportunities for Federal information collection, maintenance, and dissemination, but is also raising new issues, as well as exacerbating old ones, such as equity of access to Federal public information, the private sector role in Federal electronic information activities, and institutional responsibility for Federal information collection and dissemination.Two congressional committees have asked the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) to study relevant technology and policy issues, including possible future roles for the Government Printing Office, Federal executive agencies, libraries, and private firms. The OTA study process includes in-depth research and extensive outreach, and provides several opportunities for the participation of individuals and organizations interested in these topics.     

体育明星的媒介话语生产:姚明、男性气质与国家形象

本文运用符号学原理,检视了《解放日报》对姚明作为全球化背景中的国际体坛明星、企业代言人、国家形象的体育修辞,指出媒介文化产业制造全球消费的体育明星形象,也是塑造后殖民国家实力的新闻议程的重要符号。NBA篮球运动实际再现了美国的霸权的男性气质,姚明自2002年10月以"状元秀"的业绩加盟著名的休斯敦火箭队(Houston Rockets)以来,就成功地以他高大的身躯洗去了中国在西方世界的"东亚病夫"身份,并且将体育实践和商业利益充分结合,书写了中国人跻身全球资本主义体育世界的跨国精英迷思。     

Voting alone: the decline of bodily mass communication and public sensationalism in presidential elections

The congregational crowd was a powerful mode of political communication in the nineteenth-century US until banished by the imposition of literate modes on popular electoral politics by Progressive reformers. We examine its major channels of expression, bodily mass communication and public sensationalism, within a framework of class-based struggle, observing that the practice of live bodily assembly created broad points of entry into political life, socialized the young, and successfully conveyed the importance of voting. A text-based normative model of the informed deliberative voter, we argue, offers too narrow a conception of participation compared to a more spaciously conceived democratic community.     

维基百科:一种网络环境下的新型知识生产方式及其价值意蕴

维基百科是Wiki技术的成功应用案例,是一种网络环境下的新型知识生产方式。文章阐述维基百科的知识生产机理、面临的主要困难及其解决方式,在此基础上,从网络伦理的角度探讨维基百科知识生产方式所蕴涵的价值意蕴。     

Transparency,accountability and good governance: Role of new information and communication technologies and the mass media

Abstract

Customer orientation has been suggested to create competitive advantage of firms (Kohli &; Jaworski, 1990 Kohli, A. K. and Jaworski, B. J. 1990. Market orientation: The construct, research propositions, and managerial implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2): 1–18. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Therefore, the recommendation to media managers has been to let the creation and delivery of customer value guide their strategies for advertising sales (Aris &; Bughin, 2005 Aris, A. and Bughin, J. 2005. Managing media companies: Harnessing creative value, Chichester, , England: Wiley.  [Google Scholar]). However, the concept of customer value, what it is, and how it is created remains unclear in many ways. This article explores the concept of customer value in advertising media purchasing from the media seller's perspective. Between December 2007 and February 2008, sales representatives from three Swedish TV networks were studied through in-depth interviews and observations as they progressed through a negotiation process with a large advertiser and its media agency. A qualitative analysis of the media sellers' experiences shows that they see advertiser and agency to perceiving the value of advertising media differently. Also, they see the customer side parties as diverging in the processes by which these value perceptions are formed. The article reveals the inherent problem of customer orientation on advertising markets—that within media purchasing practice, several actors have their own idea of value, and an advertiser's understanding of value is not always a decisive factor. The TV networks in the study have all chosen different strategies to deal with these dualities.