Age and research productivity of academic scientists

Age-publishing profiles are estimated for four fields of science using data from the 1977 Survey of Doctorate Recipients. The five measures of publishing activity used allow for analysis of the sensitivity of the age-publishing relationship to output measure. Results are presented separately for graduate faculty and faculty at nongraduate departments. Although age is found to be a fairly weak predictor of performance, in physics and earth science older scientists publish less than their youngest peers and in physiology and biochemistry older scientists publish less than their middle-aged colleagues. Given the time frame of the data, the results suggest that the graying of America's scientific community was accompanied with slowed rates of research in higher education.     

The competitive environment of academic productivity and the academic research enterprise in the case of Japan

This article deals with the various problems related to the given title from four sections. Section “Social function of the academic research enterprise (ARE)” focuses on three problems: Framework of the research on the ARE; Functions of the graduate school in the ARE; and Centers of learning and Japanese ARE. Section “Structure of ARE” discusses two problems: Structure of social stratification and the structure of ARE in the policy framework for the current ARE. Section “Social condition of ARE” argues over three problems: Social condition of the ARE; The effects of change of national policy on the ARE; and National government policy for the ARE in the postwar period. Section “The impacts of the national government policies on ARE” treats three problems: Trend of the recent national government policy on the ARE; Some unintended effects of the policies; and Discussion of proposals for reform. These discussions lead to concluding remarks.     

A discourse analysis of collaboration between academic and student affairs in community colleges

The purpose of this study was to understand the nature of collaboration between academic affairs and student affairs units in the community college context from a qualitative perspective. A discourse analysis study was conducted to explore the ways in which collaborative practice was discussed and understood by chief and midlevel academic and student affairs practitioners in three different community college settings. By using their actual practice and desired practice to understand collaboration in this setting, this article offers a definition for academic and student affairs collaboration that has been absent from most literature on the topic.     

高等职业技术教育对劳动生产率影响的实证研究

本文结合我国当前社会、经济技术条件的特殊性,通过深入企业调查、整体抽样,用回归分析方法建立数学模型,并对所获得资料进行分析,从而得出结论:若专业对口,高职毕业生将比普通高校毕业生有较高的工作满意程度和工作努力程度,并有较好的工作绩效;在合作气氛较好的工作组织内,个人教育背景方面的差异所导致的个人劳动生产率的差异将会小于合作气氛较差的工作组织内的同类差异;无论高职还是普通高校毕业生,劳动者特征诸因素与工作特征诸因素结合匹配的差别直接影响劳动生产率;普通高校毕业生在应付技术更新和职业变换时,将更能适应一个动态环境的工作要求。     

Scale economies in academic excellence: An exploratory analysis of the United Kingdom's 1992 research selectivity exercise

Taken in aggregate, bigger university departments did disproportionately well in the 1992 U.K. Higher Education Research Selectivity Exercise (RSE). A number of reasons are reviewed whereby such an economies of scale effect might apply both in general and with respect to the RSE. A methodology is developed whereby the RSE performance of the UK's universities across academic units can be attributed to size and non size components, the relative importance of which are then calculated for each of the old universities, paying attention to their independent designations as research and teaching institutions. Possible implications for academic planning by universities are drawn out.     

An analysis of the scholarly productivity of instructional technology faculty

The resumés of 132 instructional technology (IT) faculty were analyzed in an effort to assess the scholarly productivity of IT faculty. Faculty were surveyed to identify leading basic and applied IT journals and to determine overall publication patterns. The findings indicate that individuals who are now full professors have a higher publication rate than faculty at lower ranks in instructional systems/educational technology programs. On an annual basis, individuals in educational psychology programs published more applied, basic, and overall research than faculty in other academic affiliations.     

非研发创新与地区生产率——基于空间面板计量模型的分析

非研发创新的作用在现有研究中很少涉及,但对于发展中经济体来说,其作用是至关重要的,是企业提升竞争力的重要手段。基于2006-2015年的地区数据,利用空间面板计量模型对非研发创新之于中国地区生产率影响的经验研究发现,不同支出用途的非研发创新所起到的作用是不同的:技术改造和技术吸收能力对地区生产率的提升是至关重要的,甚至超过了研发创新所起到的作用;国外技术引进也起到正向作用,但这种作用不是很大,国内的技术引进与地区生产率变化不相关。从研发创新和非研发创新交乘项估计结果来看,在东、中部地区,研发投入对技术改造促进生产率的增长起到了明显提升作用,但在西部地区,却起到了相反的作用。此外,研发投入在东部地区加强了技术引进对生产率的促进作用,但在西部地区却由于对技术引进产生了挤出,阻碍了技术引进作用的发挥。对于消化吸收来说,在三个地区,研发投入都加强了消化吸收对地区生产率的促进作用。因此,对于我国政府来说,要积极重视非研发创新的作用,把对非研发创新活动纳入到政府监测范围内,针对非研发创新活动的支持,要有所侧重,要特别重视技术改造和消化吸收的作用,同时在研发创新投入和非研发创新投入的资金支持政策上,不同地区要采取不同的措施,避免一刀切的做法。     

An analysis of predictors of early academic dismissal

As a first step in developing a model of academic dismissal, logistic regression was employed to analyze predictors of academic performance (academic dismissal versus satisfactory performance) for first-time freshmen after one semester in an eastern state university. The analyses for each of two entry years produced very similar results. The analyses indicated that academic performance was highly related to high school academic grade point average (gpa). After controlling for SAT Verbal and SAT Math scores and high school academic gpa, race and the academic grouping of the student's major were significantly related to academic performance. However, for students of a given race and in a given academic grouping with the same SAT Verbal scores, the same SAT Math scores, and the same high school academic gpas, there was no significant difference in the predicted probability of academic dismissal for (1) men and women students, (2) dormitory and commuter students, and (3) full-time and part-time students.     

Examining the fabric of academic life: An analysis of three decades of research on the perceptions of Australian academics about their roles

Over the last three decades there have been numerous surveys in Australian universities which have attempted to describe the perceptions of academic staff to various aspects of their roles. Each of these surveys appears to have been inspired by changes resulting from contemporaneous government policies and/or community expectations. Calls for “Efficiency and Effectiveness”, “Accountability”, and “Quality and Diversity”have coincided with massive expansion in the higher education system, the change from a binary system to the Unified National System, and consequent changes to student profiles, funding arrangements, and academic workloads. Academic culture, with its tradition of freedom and autonomy, has been besieged by the alien culture of managerialism with its own vocabulary of “client”, “quality assurance”, and “product”: but has this assault made any difference to how academics perceive their work and their perceptions of quality in university teaching ? This paper reports on an analysis of data (relating to academics' perceptions of their work) from surveys conducted in universities from the late 70s and throughout the 80s and 90s. The paper analyses, compares and contextualises academic perceptions across these decades, and draws some conclusions about the perseverence of academic culture under siege.     

An econometric estimate of the demand for MBA enrollment

A demand equation for MBA enrollment was estimated to test the theory of human capital as an explanation of enrollment decisions in higher education. Three of four variables associated with a human capital interpretation were found to be significant. The functional form of the demand equation (log-reciprocal) was of importance in establishing these results. Although the failure of the interest rate to be significant might suggest imperfections in access to capital for potential students, we could not find support for the alternative view that students relied on subsidization by family. Several elasticities proved to be large enough to imply that feasible changes in the rates of change of underlying economic variables could produce noticeable changes in MBA enrollment.     

An analysis of the effects of selected management practices on organizational productivity and performance

Manager perceptions of their effectiveness in administering selected management practices were investigated using a management practices survey of 20 key management practices. Managers perceived they were most effective in providing performance management and least effective at ensuring their subordinates were provided consistent staffing and work input. A second study found the survey statistically reliable and valid. Twelve of the 20 management practices surveyed significantly correlated with organizational productivity, with performance management practices yielding the most significant relationship. The selected practices were derived from the disciplines of industrial engineering, industrial/organizational psychology, and organizational behavior management. An expansion of in‐house and university management training to include all of these management practices was recommended.     

走向世界的中国人文社会科学研究中高校科研生产力调研与分析

通过核心期刊数据库Web of Science,收集了1956年以来我国高校人文社会科学领域走向世界的几乎全部的核心期刊研究成果.截取大陆高校38所高校(60篇以上的产出量)和9所香港澳门高校(90篇以上的产出量)作为我国人文社会科学研究走向世界的核心机构,对其发文量、高层次文献比例、发文较多的学科领域/主题以及合作研究等方面进行详细分析,以期更好地反映我国高校在人文社会科学研究国际化方面所做出的努力和取得的成果.     

An investigation of research self-efficacy beliefs and research productivity among faculty members at an emerging research university in the USA

The purposes of this study are to add to the existing knowledge base on research self-efficacy beliefs of faculty members and their influence on research productivity, and to inform higher education administrators about the relationship between research self-efficacy beliefs and research productivity. A theoretical framework of social cognitive theory underpins the study in which 109 faculty members completed the Research Self-Efficacy Inventory and Research Productivity Index. Quantitative analysis indicated that there is a significant but small correlation between research self-efficacy and productivity.     

区域协作课题研究中的几个难题

跨学校、跨地区开展协作教研，具备其独特的优势。但实施过程中却出现了诸多困难，致使试验教师积极性不能得以充分调动，使协作教研未能体现预期的效果，反而阻碍了正常的科研工作。笔者就开展区域协作研究中如何解决难题所采取的策略作一介绍。     

Measuring quality in universities: An approach to weighting research productivity

The aim of the study is to demonstrate, via the use of the discipline of Education, a procedure to identify and weight the importance of various indicators of research productivity which in turn have become significant components in determining quality within and between universities. The methodology allows for the identification of indicators that are most important, and ascertains if there are differences among academics as to the relative weighting of the various research indicators.Highly valued indicators of research productivity amongst the Education academics were refereed journal articles, peer reviewed books, and major competitive research grants. Refereeing was critical in the determination of quality in research productivity, and the findings generalized across many academics regardless of their own personal productivity. It is recommended that the methodology can serve to determine the tacit weights that academics within and across disciplines attach to various research products. At least, this method makes academics and administrators aware of the weightings they are actually using when making decisions about the quality of academic departments.     

高校学报编辑审稿剖析

以责任编辑审稿为主体评判稿件的学术质量 ,是很重要的审稿模式 ,与此同时编辑必然要受到多方面因素的影响和干扰。因此 ,编辑审稿要能真正做到尽职尽责 ,办好学报 ,必须努力达到以下条件 :较强的工作责任心 ;较广博的学识和深厚的学术功底 ;较丰富的工作经验 ;钻研编辑理论的意识和能力。     

接触电阻的分析研究

对接触电阻的形成作了简单分析，给出了理想状态下的简单模型，推导出了实际情况下的一般模型和计算公式．