Top Manager and Institutional Effects on the Adoption of Innovations: The Case of Teleworking 1

In spite of the advances in information and communication technologies, the implementation of teleworking is still behind early expectations. The slow adoption of teleworking may be explained by different organizational drivers that influence its implementation. This article reports the empirical findings of a survey conducted among a sample of Spanish companies to identify potential drivers and constraints based on top manager and institutional perspectives. The results indicate that the potential of teleworking is influenced by the manager's perception of teleworking benefits and barriers, the manager's tenure, the company's use of information and communication technologies, the company's degree of innovation, the proportion of salespeople, women and middle-age employees in the workforce, and the company size. Top manager factors seem to have more influence in the decision to adopt teleworking, while institutional factors are more significant in the potential diffusion in the company.     

人工智能产业技术标准合作网络演化与主体识别:基于社会网络分析法与TOPSIS熵权法

从标准合作网络中参与主体的重要性评估出发,探讨标准合作网络特征及演化规律和趋势.以我国人工智能产业技术标准为例,采用社会网络分析方法从萌芽期、成长期与成熟初期三阶段构建标准合作网络,基于度数中心度、中介中心度、接近中心度和特征向量中心度4个评价指标,通过TOPSIS熵权法识别我国人工智能产业技术标准重点发展领域的核心主...     

Business intelligence impact on management accounting development given the role of mediation decision type and environment

Business Intelligence (BI) seeks to increase the profitability of the organization by making intelligent and accurate decisions. Management accounting (MA) reports are the score-card of an operation manager's efficiency. The operational; tactical, and strategic decision types make the road to achieving the goals of a company. Further, Environmental factors may affect the supply chain or increase the costs of materials. This study aims to investigate the impact of the BI on the development of MA in industrial companies. Samples are 200 Managers of these companies. The researcher-made questionnaire was employed to collect the required data. Factor analysis by reliability and item content technique verified by 0.896 Cronbach's alpha. Results revealed that the impact of BI on the development of MA is meaningful. For the β-values, the highest and the lowest effect of variables on success of BI is for decision type and flexibility variables, respectively. However, For the t-values, it is for data quality and integration with other systems (IOS) variables, respectively. Managers in industrial companies, should pay attention to decision type and data quality more than flexibility and IOS.     

基于创新网络结构的中心度界定与节点创新模型

通过分析网络结构及其对中心度参数的影响,考察协同创新过程中,节点企业间的创新关系,进而通过协同创新决策与创新过程中的信息交互关系,探索节点协同创新过程中的最优决策与安全路径问题。算例分析表明,安全路径是节点企业基于网络中心度特征的最优决策,也是提高协同创新效率的关键。     

Activating <Emphasis Type="Italic">quasi</Emphasis>-organizational memory in environmental scenario building

This paper presents the results of an on-going research project aiming at developing GraviCS, an information system supporting local government and citizens in managing argumentations during the setting up of a Regional Natural Park in Southern Italy. We consider that organizational memory, structured within information systems supporting decision-making and action in organizational environments, can be a useful means for developing multilevel (individual, group, organizational) collaborative learning; in this sense the system architecture was designed referring to the organizational domain emerging in the decision making context of a Natural Park and was finalized to the dynamic representation of the organizational memory. Starting from the case study – the process for the Gravina Natural Park setting-up – , the paper describes the system's architecture and discusses some issues related to: possible dynamic representations of organizational memory; creation, use and storage of decision/learning histories.     

Global value chains and domestic innovation

This paper explores how changes in both position and participation in Global Value Chain (GVC) networks affect firm innovation. The analysis combines matched patent-firm data for Japan with measures of GVC network centrality and GVC participation using the OECD Inter-Country Input-Output (ICIO) Tables over the period from 1995 to 2011. We find that Japan's position in GVCs has shifted from being at the core of Asian value chains towards the periphery relative to other countries in the network, i.e., becoming less “central”. We use China's accession to the World Trade Organization as an instrumental variable for changes in Japanese centrality. Our analysis shows that increases in Japanese sectors' forward centrality – i.e. as a key supplier - tend to be positively associated with increasing firms' patent applications in these sectors and that firms in key hubs within GVCs, specifically as key suppliers, appear to benefit from knowledge spillovers from downstream markets.     

Measuring project performance by applying social network analyses

It is often argued that the core of organizational success is efficient collaboration. Some authors even posit that efficient collaboration is more important to organizational innovation and performance than individual skills or expertise. However, the lack of efficient models to manage collaboration properly is a major constraint for organizations to profit from internal and external collaborative initiatives. Currently, much of the collaboration in organizations occurs through virtual network channels, such as e-mail, Yammer, Jabber, Microsoft Teams, Skype, and Zoom. These are even more important in situations where different time zones and even threats of a pandemic constrain face-to-face human interactions. This work introduces a multidisciplinary heuristic model developed based on project risk management and social network analysis centrality metrics graph-theory to quantitatively measure dynamic organizational collaboration in the project environment. A case study illustrates the proposed model's implementation and application in a real virtual project organizational context. The major benefit of applying this proposed model is that it enables organizations to quantitatively measure different collaborative, organizational, and dynamic behavioral patterns, which can later correlate with organizational outcomes. The model analyzes three collaborative project dimensions: network collaboration cohesion evolution, network collaboration degree evolution, and network team set variability evolution. This provides organizations an innovative approach to understand and manage possible collaborative project risks that may emerge as projects are delivered. Organizations can use the proposed model to identify projects' critical success factors by comparing successful and unsuccessful delivered projects' dynamic behaviors if a substantial number of both project types are analyzed. The proposed model also enables organizations to make decisions with more information regarding the support for changes in observed collaborative patterns as demonstrated by statistical models in general, and linear regressions in particular. Further, the proposed model provides organizations with a completely bias-free data-collection process that eliminates organizational downtime. Finally, applying the proposed model in organizations will reduce or eliminate the risks associated with virtual collaborative dynamics, leading to the optimized use of resources; this will transform organizations to become more lean-oriented and significantly contribute to economic, social, and environmental global sustainability.     

Improving high-tech enterprise innovation in big data environment: A combinative view of internal and external governance

The emergence of big data brings both opportunities and challenges to high-tech enterprises. How to keep competitive advantages and improve innovation performance is important for enterprises in big data environment. Except from organizational learning ability and the use of advanced technology, the corporate governance also plays an important role in the process of enterprise’s innovation practice. This article creatively combines with the insights of internal and external governance, and explores how the managerial power and network centrality affects enterprise’s innovation performance in big data environment. Considering about the differences among distinct regional big data environment (strong/weak), this paper also takes classification research on it. The research findings show that managerial power has a significant positive impact on innovation performance, managerial power could enhance enterprise’s centrality in network, and the enterprise which located in network central position has more advantages in obtaining resources and significantly improves firm’s innovation performance. Network centrality plays a mediating role on managerial power and innovation performance. Further research finds that the positive effects of managerial power and network centrality are more significantly in the strong big data environment. These findings enrich the research of high-tech enterprise innovation from a combinative governance view, and contribute to the literatures on enterprise innovation in big data environment.     

企业协同创新文化与创新绩效：基于团队凝聚力的调节效应模型

本文在总结企业创新文化相关研究基础上,纳入研发强度作为控制变量,分析企业协同创新文化四要素（知识共享、组织创新氛围、协同决策、组织变革）对创新绩效的影响,并探讨团队凝聚力在协同创新文化与创新绩效两者关系中的调节作用。基于110家制造业企业的问卷调查数据,通过层次回归法进行实证研究,研究结果表明：（1）协同创新文化的知识共享、组织创新氛围、协同决策、组织变革四要素对创新绩效有显著的正向影响;（2）团队凝聚力对协同创新文化与创新绩效两者关系起到调节效应。研究结论弥补了已有相关研究的不足,对我国制造业企业创新绩效的提升具有指导和借鉴意义。     

连锁董事、组织冗余与企业创新绩效关系研究

 以资源依赖理论为支撑,使用社会网络和社会统计分析方法等,就连锁董事对企业创新绩效、组织冗余的直接影响以及组织冗余的中介效应进行探索性研究,并就基于西方连锁董事实践而构建的资源依赖理论在中国的适用性进行实证检验。研究结果表明：首先,包括所有关系在内的度中心性对企业创新绩效影响不显著,强连锁数量和地域趋同性对企业创新绩效有显著正向影响;其次,连锁董事对组织冗余的影响中,度中心性、强连锁数量和地域趋同性三个网络因素对组织冗余均有负向影响,其中只有地域趋同性影响显著;最后,连锁董事、组织冗余和创新绩效三者之间,组织冗余的中介效应不显著。总之,连锁董事有助于提升企业创新绩效,有助于减少组织冗余,而组织冗余的减少并不能改善企业创新绩效。     

网络节点中心性与均衡性结合的作者网络特征分析

【目的/意义】为丰富拓展作者网络分析方法,将均衡性分析与社会网络中的节点中心性分析相结合,从不同视角分析作者网络的结构特征。【方法/过程】以"情报学"学科领域下发文量较高的44位作者为研究对象,构建其耦合网络,得到44位作者的点度中心度、中介中心度和接近中心度的排名;然后,利用Gini指数计算作者耦合网络中的中心均衡性,包括点度中心均衡性、中介中心均衡性和接近中心均衡性,以全面分析作者耦合网络的结构特征。【结果/结论】实验表明,"节点中心性"与"中心均衡性"结合对作者网络结构描述结果与事实相符,对作者网络结构的描述更加全面、立体。     

水环境治理产业产学研合作模式与网络演化实证研究

水环境治理是关乎民生的国家战略性产业,对于确保用水安全,改善生态环境具有重要意义。水环境治理技术不足的问题日趋严重,而企业的研发能力有限,如何建立产学研合作机制,推动技术创新和应用成为当前亟待解决的问题。运用社会网络分析方法,选取中国水环境治理产业产学研联合申请的专利数据,分析产学研合作模式、网络结构演化,讨论网络结构对关键成员作用于网络的具体表现。结果表明：中国水环境治理产业产学研合作网络在过去30年经历了由大学为核心的合作模式向产学研深度融合发展,但是企业的主体地位尚未形成；整体网络的网络密度和集聚系数下降,而中心性提升,个体网络的结构洞优势提升显著；从聚类结果看,网络整体呈现出“核心-边缘”结构,子网络的核心成员具有显著结构洞桥接优势,但是在促进成员合作,提高网络稳定性的同时,还要避免过于分散,提高网络成员的创新能力。     

组织学习的研究脉络梳理与前沿热点分析

以Web of Science(Wo S)数据库中1997—2016年的组织学习文献为基础,运用Cite Space软件进行可视化分析。研究发现:组织学习内涵集中体现为三要素,组织学习有四条研究途径、三类研究视角;组织学习研究前沿包括组织学习与技术管理的结合,尤其是信息技术(ICT)的结合,组织学习过程的重构以及对组织能力提升、绩效的改善,组织学习新的研究方法、新视角;组织学习的研究热点除了传统的研究方向如创新、绩效、适应性与双元能力等方面,网络、组织文化与信任、国际化、中小企业同样成为研究的热点。     

The role of computer systems in organizational decision making

Decision making is regarded as a key feature of managerial activity. As a result, a considerable amount of research activity has been undertaken that aims to enhance understanding and to improve on the decision‐making process within organizational settings. This research has been paralleled by a technological response in the development of information and communication technology that is heralded by many for its significant potential for improving decision making in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness. This paper examines the complex nature of decision making within organizations and examines the extent to which computer systems may provide effective managerial support in the face of increasing organizational complexity.     

公共政策视角下的组织行为研究理论综述

将行为洞察引入公共政策制定正越来越成为世界上主要发达国家的普遍做法,组织行为研究成为创新政策研究领域的热点议题。基于文献计量和文本分析,文章分析归纳出了组织行为研究的五个主要理论观点,分别是：社会交换理论、组织学习理论、组织支持感知理论、变革型领导理论和计划行为理论等,并对五个观点的代表人物、核心观点和演进作了简要介绍。概括来看,五个观点纷纷将研究问题聚焦在组织行为的影响因素分析,并且,都对文化、信任、认同等要素给予了足够重视。最后,文章探讨了将组织行为洞察引入我国区域创新政策制定的现实需求和可能性前沿。     

合作网络结构洞、邻域中心性与发明人创新绩效

在已有研究基础上提出合作网络邻域中心性概念及量化方法,使用1985—2018年我国渔业专利申请数据逐年构建以发明人为节点、共同研发关系为链接的合作网络,探究合作网络结构洞对发明人创新绩效的影响以及邻域中心性对该影响的调节作用。基于负二项回归模型的实证分析表明:结构洞对发明人创新绩效具有正向影响;邻域程度中心性对该影响具有负向调节作用,而邻域接近中心性对该影响具有正向调节作用。最后,针对发明人层面的网络结构优化与合作伙伴选择、组织层面的创新平台搭建,提出相关实践建议。     

Multiheaded deep learning chatbot for increasing production and marketing

Some businesses on product development prefer to use a chatbot for judging the customer's view. Today, the ability of a chatbot to consider the context is challenging due to its technical nature. Sometimes, it may misjudge the context, making the wrong decision in predicting the product's originality in the market. This task of chatbot helps the enterprise make huge profits from accurate predictions. However, chatbots may commit errors in dialogs and bring inappropriate responses to users, reducing the confidentiality of product and marketing information. This, in turn, reduces the enterprise gain and imposes cost complications on businesses. To improve the performance of chatbots, AI models are used based on deep learning concepts. This research proposes a multi-headed deep neural network (MH-DNN) model for addressing the logical and fuzzy errors caused by retrieval chatbot models. This model cuts down on the error raised from the information loss. Our experiments extensively trained the model on a large Ubuntu dialog corpus. The recall evaluation scores showed that the MH-DNN approach slightly outperformed selected state-of-the-art retrieval-based chatbot approaches. The results obtained from the MHDNN augmentation approach were pretty impressive. In our proposed work, the MHDNN algorithm exhibited accuracy rates of 94% and 92%, respectively, with and without the help of the Seq2Seq technique.     

战略性外包决策的系统分析

外包决策的科学性是企业外包活动取得成功的关键。本文从外包实践中存在的不足入手，分析了传统的外包决策所忽略的企业系统中各活动间的互动影响关系。据此，从系统分析的角度，在引入特征向量中心的网络分析方法的基础上，从理论上识别了企业的核心活动范围，并由核心活动范围与外围活动的关系，进一步指出了从企业活动范围的划分中，根据特征向量中心的大小选取外包活动的合理性。最后，通过一个石油销售公司的例证，表明本文提出的方法有利于提高外包决策的准确性。     

合作网络和知识网络对国内农林类高校创新绩效的影响研究

考虑到农林类高校在农业科研与农业创新技术研发方面所发挥的举足轻重的作用，本文以国内41所农林类高校2005-2016年发明类专利申请数据为样本，在构造其合作网络和知识网络的基础上，深入探讨了这两个网络的结构洞和度中心性属性对高校创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明：在合作网络中，申请人的结构洞和度中心性都与高校创新绩效具有显著的倒U形关系，申请人的度中心性与结构洞平方项的交互作用对农林类高校创新绩效具有显著的负向调节作用，申请人的结构洞与度中心性平方项的交互作用对高校创新绩效具有显著的正向调节作用；在知识网络中，知识元素的结构洞和度中心性都与高校创新绩效具有显著的倒U形关系，知识元素的度中心性与结构洞二次方的交互作用对高校绩效创新具有显著的负向调节作用。     

知识隐藏的“回飞棒效应”对个体创造力的影响

面对日益变化的环境，组织只有提高创造力才能获得持续的竞争力；作为组织创造力的基础，个体创造力受知识隐藏的影响。根据知识联结理论，个体创造力产生于知识的联结与互动，知识的联结与互动又存在于信任的人际关系中。社会交换理论解释了知识隐藏通过产生不信任环，使个体缺少了组织知识资源的网络联结，从而个体的联结知识形成受阻，进而导致创造力下降。这种知识隐藏的“回飞棒效应”降低了个体的创造力，最终影响组织整体的创造力。管理者应在工作氛围、组织文化、管理模式以及技术平台等方面加强建设，最大限度地减少组织知识隐藏行为。