香港弱势群体的社会支持政策实施

自20世纪80年代以来,香港对于弱势群体的社会支持已日益被提上了政府的议事日程。在政策模式的选择上,香港走的是一条"后福利社会"的道路。"后福利社会"这种模式是在考虑了弱势群体的需要和权利及传统华人文化的基础上形成的。它相对于"福利社会"这一模式而言,更加强调个人职责和多元供给。受这种模式的影响,香港对于弱势群体的社会支持是由政府与第三部门共同推动的,并实现了形式上的多样化,即货币福利与福利服务的齐头并进。     

中国煤层气产业系统动态预测及政策模拟研究

煤层气产业为复杂社会经济系统,通过系统分析确定了煤层气产业的社会经济、市场、政策、资源环境及煤层气产业五个子系统,在此基础上建立中国煤层气产业系统动力学模型。分析了模型的合理性．并对社会经济环境变化、国家政策的变化、投资方式的变化、国家能源市场控制的变化等几个主要方面进行预测分析,并对降低单位国民经济产值能耗的变化、改变煤层气定价方式、调整国家煤层气价格补贴等方面提出政策建议。结果表明该模型设计较为合理,能够较为系统的模拟煤层气产业发展中的基本状况。对于预测煤层气产业的动态预测及政策建议有意义。     

关注社会公平与正义的一部力作——评于建星博士的《弱势群体权利保护研究》

弱势群体权利保护是当前倍受关注的社会问题。于建星博士克服情感冲动,冷静理性思考,立足自由及其自由的实现视角,就弱势群体权利保护问题,提出了一系列令人注目的观点,凝著而为《弱势群体权利保护研究》,这又为当前社会公平正义研究,特别是弱势群体权利保护开辟一个新的理论空间和实践思路。     

The rhetoric of consensus politics: a critical review of technology assessment

Technology Assessment is a policy scientific lstoolrs which has recently enjoyed a great deal of increasingly enthusiastic attention, yet there is no clear idea of what it is. In this article, the author examines the literature on TA, and attempts to develop an analysis of its real political significance, as opposed to those overly optimistic prognostications that have seen it as the new panacea. In his view, TA is constrained in its scope and depth by implicit assumptions and commitments of a political character. These premises are obscured by the further founding canon of TA, namely that knowledge begets social consensus, and that where there exists no social consensus as to the evaluative framework by which society will assess its technology, then it can be objectively created by gathering and disseminating more social data. The author argues instead that this data collection (social indicators) is selectively constrained and structured by the prior commitment to consensus around a particular idea of the goals, purpose and meaning of social life. TA is in fact an integral part of a much more broad-ranging attempt to secure social consensus around a corporate-industrial consumer society, in which the latter institutions control a much wider range of social activity that even hitherto. Much of the lstheoryrs of TA can be seen as a rhetoric by which this paradigm is lstried outrs on the public; by ldtelling them how things arerd, this rhetoric at the same time tacitly asks them to adopt a view of social reality which corresponds with the premises framing the corporate industrialists' world view.     

区块链技术社会化的信任建构与社会调适

通过对复杂社会信任模式简化技术需求的有效回应,区块链技术社会化成为可能。在区块链技术由技术1.0向技术3.0迭代发展的技术社会化过程中,其技术信任属性也因此获得完善与发展。进而,促使社会信任的Technique维度获得呈现,并经由对后工业社会之社会信任需求的技术切合,促成了强技术参与的社会信任模式的社会建构。相对于与前工业社会相调适的熟人信任模式,及工业社会的制度信任模式,强技术参的社会信任模式的社会建构在实现社会效率的同时,也引致了社会情感、社会结构的双重社会失范风险。因此,应从法律制度、政策支持、技术标准、技术道德四重维度予以社会调适。     

正义之我见——柏拉图与罗尔斯正义观比较

柏拉图的正义原则是三个等级的人各司其职、各守其序、各得其所,每个人必须在国家执行一种最适合他天性的职务。罗尔斯将正义的对象定位为社会的基本结构,即社会基本权利和义务的分配、社会不同阶层中存在着的经济机会和社会条件。前者是一种主体道德自律机制,后者是一种制度约束机制。现代性的扩展与张扬破坏了传统道德的作用机制,制度约束机制则成为实现现代社会正义的必然选择。     

There and back again: Revisiting Vannevar Bush,the linear model,and the freedom of science

Despite its age, Vannevar Bushs Science: The Endless Frontier has remained a touchstone for science funding policy discussions. More specifically, many claim that Bush ushered in a new ‘social contract’ that allowed scientists to freely choose projects in accordance with their own interests while promising deliverables for the society that funds scientific institutions. Despite the prominence of The Endless Frontier, there are countless interpretations of its argumentative structure. Building off others, I develop an interpretation of how the linear model relates to the freedom of science in SEF. I critically assess this view and argue that it provides a valuable starting point for a social contract for the 21st century. To accomplish this, I clarify Bush's stance on the linear model and show that it bypasses the most common objections against its plausibility, consider the relationship between Bush's conception of the freedom of science and the rise of citizen science, and articulate a more nuanced approach to government intervention in research priority setting.     

"零发表"照获硕士学位:基于学理视角的思考

1999年高校连续扩招以来,研究生就读人数呈快速增长之势;又因文科具有设置专业“热门”、评判标准“软性”等缘由,扩招压力更多地落在了文科学位点上。在全社会倡导科学发展观的今天,如不在文科研究生培养过程中严把质量关,“逆向选择”行为将不可避免。目前,个别高校已开始实施“学位获取与论文发表脱钩”的“新政”,虽不能将此与逆向选择行为等同视之,但由此引发的诸多“反差”现象须从学理视角作一番探究与思考：如研究型大学取向与研究生不善研究的反差,平时不习文与毕业出好文的反差,容许圈内认定与不愿圈外认同的反差等等。这些反差现象如不引起足够重视和有效治理,滑坡中的文科研究生培养质量将一无阻挡地加速下滑。     

Racial science in social context: John R. Baker on eugenics, race, and the public role of the scientist

In 1974 a British biologist, John Randal Baker (1900-1984), published a large and controversial book simply entitled Race that reiterated persistent eugenicist themes concerning the relation between race, intelligence, and progress. The history of Baker's book is a case study in the politics of scientific publishing, and his ideas influenced scholars associated with later works such as The Bell Curve. Baker, a student of Julian Huxley, was a longtime participant in the British eugenics movement and opponent of what he took to be a facile belief in human equality. In 1942, together with Michael Polanyi, he founded the Society for Freedom in Science to oppose those who advocated the central planning of scientific research. Baker's eugenics, political activities, and views on race express an elitist individualism, associated with the conservative wing of the eugenics movement, that this paper explores in the context of his career as a whole.     

"图书广场"之新书征订系统的设计与实现

"图书广场"是利用INTERNET覆盖全球的特点及其网络结点的信息服务功能设计和建设的中国图书出版领域的电子化信息集散地,本文对其中的新书征订系统进行了比较深入的研究,分别从现状分析、功能与实现、结构和特点等几个方面进行了阐述.     

“限塑令”政策分析与有效实施的对策

从塑料袋诞生之日,它的便捷、轻巧注定成为人们生活中的所爱,但是在今天演变成一种公害。本文分析了塑料袋生产、销售、使用状况,"限塑令"的下达对塑料袋相关方的影响,提出保证"限塑令"政策有效实施的对策建议。按照"少用一点,回收一点,替代一点,降解一点"的原则对待塑料袋使用,尽量做到"能不用就不用,一定要用就少用,多次重复用,不能用时回收再利用"。     

规避国家助学贷款风险的社会保险整合对策

由于普遍信用体系的缺失，作为政策的信用性定位与中标银行的商业化运作，目前我国国家助学贷款存在风险防范的制度性缺陷，导致较高的系统性偿还违约风险。实现国家助学贷款与社会保险制度整合运行，化信用贷款为担保贷款，变事后被动追缴为主动扣除的风险规避制度创新可以在全社会范围内积累与有效配置教育资源，实现其向人力资本转化，在更广义的层面上实现效率优先与兼顾公平。     

和谐视角下建立失地农民社会保障制度的思考

和谐社会应该包括城镇和农村在内的全社会的共同和谐,从和谐的本质看,和谐社会应该体现社会主义的本质,它应该是一个各方利益均能得到有效协调、社会管理体制不断创新的稳定有序的社会。本文以湖南省为例,分析了失地农民社会保障存在的两大问题,提出了若干相关的政策建议,以期对构建和谐农村、和谐社会有一定的参考价值。     

学会参与社会治理的制度障碍

随着社会体制改革进程加快,学会在社会治理中的作用得到广泛关注。本文梳理了学会在社会治理中的作用和机制,说明学会为科技工作者服务、为会员服务是学会参与社会治理的根本。在此基础上,分析了当前学会在参与社会治理中存在的问题,并从制度层面对制约学会发挥作用的因素进行了分析,提出应着力从社团管理制度、期刊管理制度和公益捐赠等几个方面改善学会发展的制度环境。     

综合国力的协调发展及其决策、预警和调控

从７０年代起，人类社会就开始经历一场新的技术革命。这场革命不仅在极大地改变各国的经济结构和社会结构，也使不同国家的综合国力从要素、结构、功能到运行模式不断发生着深刻变动。本文正是着眼综合国力发展的全方位分析，围绕科技、经济、资源、生态、社会的自组织调适，大胆提出了综合国力运作及其增长过程的可控制性，可操作化原理与方法，把综合国力发展中的决策决断、预测预警和各种宏微观变量调控一并纳入相应的程序化目标管理系统，做到定性定量结合，充分体现综合国力增长的大协调、非线性和与国际关系现实逼近的时代特征     

CEO特征、R&D强度以及外部环境关系的 实证研究

摘要：采用世界银行投资环境调查（ICS）中来自中国、巴西、南非企业的数据,研究CEO人口统计学特征对R&D强度的影响,以及社会文化、政府政策、法律体系在二者关系中的调节作用。实证分析的结果表明,CEO教育水平、工作经验（担任CEO前在本产业的工作时间）和R&D强度之间并无显著相关关系。社会文化对CEO特征和R&D强度之间的关系有显著的调节作用,中国、巴西两国的CEO教育水平、工作经验和R&D强度之间的正相关性显著高于南非。政府政策在CEO教育水平和R&D强度之间发挥负向调节作用,政府政策越不稳定,CEO的教育水平和R&D强度之间的正相关性越强;但政府政策对CEO工作经验和R&D强度之间关系的调节作用不显著。法律体系并未在CEO特征和R&D强度之间发挥调节作用。     

中国药品价格治理困境与改进建议

看病贵是社会反映最强烈的问题之一,医院药价虚高是其中最大的难点。我国政府一直通过不同治理措施控制药品价格,但政策效果并不明显。本文根据药品价格管制背景、政府治理药价的动因、医院药价虚高的成因和现行药价治理的效果分析,从我国当前医疗体制和医疗保障体系的特点出发,提出改进药价治理模式的政策建议。     

Technoromanticism: Digital Narrative,Holism, and the Romance of the Real,by R. Coyne

This article explores the relevance of social engineering for the postindustrial epoch. The concept of social engineering has been dormant in recent years, stained by the behavior of police states in the 20th century. Yet stripped of its excesses, social engineering still represents a defensible moral and political enterprise. What is needed for the 21st century, however, is a chastened, deontological theory of social engineering, one that accepts the inviolability of the person while still pursuing ambitious long-term teleological strategies through state action. For its content, progressive information society policy should revisit the ethical norms developed by the left-liberal tradition, as articulated by the late John Rawls and others. The article concludes that the information age offers a new opportunity to engineer a just social order, or, at any rate, that the policymaking community needs to reevaluate the idea of social engineering.     

挑战、冲突与代价:中国走向汽车社会的忧思

“汽车社会”是工业社会发展到一定阶段后出现的一种社会现象。中国正在以惊人的速度进入汽车社会。但令人遗憾的是,今天的中国既没有充分认识到汽车社会的巨大成本,也还没做好进入汽车社会的准备。本文认为,中国由于特殊的国情,走向“汽车社会”要面临四大挑战、三大冲突,且必将承受巨大的社会、经济、环境代价。