西方当代经济伦理思想的发展与变化

经济人的理论，功利主义思想，自由，平等，效率和自由放任的思想，是近代西方经济伦理思想的主要遗产，西方经济学名的经济人假设，其立论基础存在着“利已”与“利他”，“个人主义”和“整体主义”的矛盾，西方经济伦理思想在当代还表现为功利主义与非功利主义的诸正义形式伦理的矛盾，自由放任与国家干预的矛盾，经济公正与政治公正的矛盾，正是在这些矛盾的展开中体现了当代西方经济伦理思想的发展与变化。     

美国市场经济的伦理基础与批判

与美国市场经济模式相适应，自由竞争、机会均等、个人主义、功利主义、效率至上等原则，成为美国经济伦理的基本规范。以马克思主义为指导，批判和借鉴美国经济伦理思想，开展社会主义的经济伦理研究，是中国特色社会主义市场经济的客观要求。     

论密尔功利主义体系中的权利思想

约翰·斯图亚特·密尔作为英国近代史上继杰里米·边沁之后最重要的功利主义者,在修正边沁功利主义伦理学说的基础上,形成了自己的功利主义学说,其功利主义思想的最大特点就是将功利主义与正义和自由等权利相结合。文章试从正义和自由等权利方面探讨密尔功利主义思想体系中正义和自由的内容及其形成原因。     

论波斯纳经济分析法学的功利主义基础

波斯纳在建立其经济分析法学的理论体系时，并没有局限于狭隘的经济理性层面，而是致力于将法律从功利主义向实用主义进行最佳的融合，最大限度发挥法律的社会功能，重视对经济分析法学的哲学基础的阐述。特别值得重视的是，波斯纳从实用主义的角度探讨了公平与效率的关系，从而具体分析了其经济分析法学理论的功利主义哲学基础。     

密尔对边沁功利主义伦理学的修正和发展

作为一个伦理学派，功利主义伦理学形成于十八世纪末十九世纪初的英国。边沁是其真正的创始人，但是就其体系而言，他的伦理学是很粗糙的。密尔作为功利主义伦理学的集大成者，批判继承了边沁的思想，发展了边沁功利主义伦理学的理论。本文阐述了边沁功利主义伦理学的主要理论，并分析了密尔对边沁功利主义伦理擘的理论的修正和发展。     

功利主义:历史与现实的沉思

功利主义作为一种典型的伦理学说,由于其自身的品格和特点,即特别强烈地关注生活实际或实利的直接现实性,以事物或行为所产生的实际效果作为其合目的性价值的最高价值表现或标准,决定了它常常成为社会经济改革时期最富现实关切意义的道德理论。因此,我国改革十五年来,尤其是在社会主义市场经济逐步发展的新形势下,人们比以往更多地关注、谈论功利主义。如何科学地评价历史上的功利主义?如何正确地看待现阶段的功利主义?探讨这些问题。有着重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

论马克思和恩格斯的经济伦理思想

马克思和恩格斯运用唯物辩证法，从不同的视角和层面，对经济研究中的伦理道德、人性、功利主义等经济伦理思想史中的重大问题，进行了科学的分析，提出了精辟的见解，对于我们当前经济学的研究和发展社会主义市场经济有重要的启迪作用。     

西德的社会市场经济理论及其实践

二战以后，西德用社会市场经济理论指导其经济实践，强化市场机制的作用，建立健全自由的市场经济体制，实行自由竞争。国家为市场经济的正常运行提供必要的条件，并进行适当的干预和调节，缓和由于自由竞争而引起的社会矛盾。实践证明：社会市场经济理论促进了西德经济的恢复和发展，使之迅速成为欧洲最富的国家。西德的经验，对我国建立社会主义市场经济体制有一定借鉴意义。     

论社会主义市场经济的自由与必然

本分析了社会主义市场经济中作为经济伦理重要范畴的自由与必然，指出正确处理自由与的关系是我国经济健康，高效运行的重要条件，是我国社会主义市场经济的内在要求。     

从功利主义到正义理论——试析波普尔政治哲学的思想效应

理性主义、功利主义和正义理论是自由主义发展的三个重要阶段。继西季威克、摩尔之后,波普尔不仅从论证模式和基本原则等方面对功利主义进行了批判和修正,而且还对其自由观进行了否定和改良,从而捍卫了自由主义的旗帜。波普尔的政治哲学思想不仅使功利自由主义走向了穷途末路的绝境,而且进一步推动了罗尔斯和诺齐克对功利主义的清算,为正义理论的问世奠定了基础,起到了承前启后的过渡作用。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

库克斯顿城堡

城堡, 是欧洲典型的建筑之一, 每个城堡都有一个美丽的传说或是一段历史。从本期开始, 我们将推出“城堡之旅”, 带各位读者去浏览、观赏欧洲各地的城堡, 开始一段文化与历史的旅途!     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.