Informal recruitment channels,family background and university enrolments in Italy

Higher Education - This paper analyses the impact of informal recruitment channels on university enrolment decisions. A widespread diffusion of personal connections as an entry channel to the...     

我校药学院本科生就业趋势分析

以我校2013届药学、药物制剂专业本科生就业方向相关数据进行统计对比,分析我校药学类本科生的就业趋势,并且针对存在的问题提出改进意见,以对药学类专业学生科学开展就业指导工作提供一些参考。     

统一考试 自主招生——高校自主招生改革研究

高校自主招生自2003年试行以来发展迅速,政策也在不断完整和完善,但从这些年的实践来看,自主招生改革并没有完全实现促进中学素质教育、扩大高校办学自主权和培养创造性人才的政策目标,却带来新的教育不公平。因此,需要对自主招生乃至整个高考重新进行制度设计。笔者认为,统一考试、自主招生方案比较可行。     

Family background and university dropouts during the crisis: the case of Italy

The Italian university system has long been characterised by high non-completion rates, though aggregate data show a slight reduction of dropouts in recent years. The most straightforward theoretical explanation for this lies in the lowering opportunity cost of studying due to the financial and economic crisis. Nonetheless, this interpretation is likely to be partly misleading. Indeed, when the crisis hit Italy, enrolment rates had been declining for years and the sample of freshmen has become increasingly selected according to family ‘social class’, family cultural background, type of high school diploma and individual ability. Since a good family background, as well as other individual characteristics, significantly increases students’ probability of succeeding, the recent decline in dropout rates could partly depend on sample selection. By applying probit selection models and decomposition techniques to a sample of Italian university students enrolled in different periods of time, I find that changes in students’ background and students’ characteristics play a major role in the recent reduction of the aggregate dropout rate.     

The distribution of EU students and staff at UK universities: patterns and trends

The mobility of EU students and staff is threatened by Brexit, as the favourable conditions allowing for a frictionless cross-border academic learning and scientific research base are renegotiated at the highest political levels, including the pre-Brexit freedom of movement of persons and home fees for EU students. However, the UK higher education system is highly differentiated, and its hierarchical nature implies that criteria such as age, history, geographical location, economic resources, research activity, teaching quality, academic selectivity and socioeconomic student mix will have important ramifications when assessing the vulnerabilities of UK higher education institutions and the internationalisation of UK higher education should the UK leave the EU.

     

Family background,self-confidence and economic outcomes

In this paper we analyze the role played by self-confidence, modeled as beliefs about one's ability, in shaping task choices. We propose a model in which fully rational agents exploit all the available information to update their beliefs using Bayes’ rule, eventually learning their true type. We show that when the learning process does not converge quickly to the true ability level, small differences in initial confidence can result in diverging patterns of human capital accumulation between otherwise identical individuals. If differences in self-confidence are correlated with socio-economic background (as a large body of empirical literature suggests), self-confidence can be a channel through which education and earning inequalities perpetuate across generations. Our theory suggests that cognitive tests should take place as early as possible, in order to avoid that systematic differences in self-confidence among equally talented people lead to the emergence of gaps in the accumulation of human capital.     

高校学报的困境化发展与专业化转型

走过百年历程的中国高校学报,本世纪以来陷入前所未有的困境,数量空前增长但整体声誉不升反降,面临困境化发展问题.在全球化和中国社会转型的背景下,需要理清高校学报困境化发展的脉络和积弊,探索高校学报专业化、特色化、品牌化、集约化、规模化发展的方略,走出一条成功的专业化转型之路.     

论培养免费师范生职业情感的意义和策略

2007年,我国在教育部直属的六所师范大学实行了师范生免费教育政策.为保证政策的具体落实和预期目标的实现,培养师范生的职业情感意义深远.只有师范生对教师职业产生了由衷的热爱和独特的情感,才能树立正确的职业价值观,坚定职业信念,获得身心的全面发展;也只有在师范生个人得到健康发展的前提下才能推动整个教育事业尤其是基础教育事业的新进展.因此,采取合适的策略培养免费师范生的职业情感具有重要意义.     

探析2014年秋季电大招生规模整体下滑原因与对策

本文主要围绕广播电视大学招生的现在情况,重点剖析了目前影响招生率的因素,并结合现状存在的问题,针对性地进行相应的改进对策的提出。     

论创业型大学研究生培养的定位

针对福州大学最近提出的创业型大学的发展战略,结合作者在研究生培养和管理中的一些经验,提出了一些创业型大学中研究生培养定位的建议．     

“博洛尼亚进程”的背景、历程及发展趋势

"博洛尼亚进程"是在欧洲政治经济的一体化、世界高等教育国际化和欧洲跨文化学习和研究的背景中产生的,也是20世纪60年代以来最重要、涉及面最广的高等教育改革,是欧洲高等教育一体化的进程。其前期准备、初步探索、正式启动三个阶段以及布拉格会议、柏林会议、卑尔根会议以及"伦敦公报"等历程显示,"博洛尼亚进程"的发展趋势是进一步完善三级学位制度、加强高等教育质量保障、促进学历学位相互承认,力争在2010年建立欧洲高等教育区,实现欧洲高等教育的国际化。     

Family background, school enrollments and wastage: evidence from Arab countries

Applying single and recursive bivariate probit models that utilize micro data sets of five countries, this paper examines the concatenation between school enrollments and family background. The empirical analysis captures considerable variations in the pattern of school enrollments and school wastage according to rural–urban locations and family background variables. Income gaps are powerful and interact with gender gap to produce differential school enrollment and wastage patterns. Access to credit partially redresses the adverse effects on school enrollments of negative household economic shocks. The findings call for more concerted government efforts to increase school enrollments and retention and to improve rural education particularly for females and the underprivileged.     

2006-2009年“985工程”高校招生区域公平问题的研究

通过对2006至2009年985工程高校招生的省际投放比例进行考察可以发现,多数985工程高校的本地生源比例数已经有所下降,但总体上仍呈现出比较明显的地方化特征。985工程高校招生区域公平问题的解决涉及去地方化标准、高校办学自主权、高校投资体制等诸多难题,只能在渐进中进行。     

高校图书馆与大学生素质教育

从素质教育的重要意义出发,根据图书馆教育职能的特殊地位与作用,提出了对大学生进行素质教育应强化高校图书馆的教育职能、转化图书馆员的行为理念和深化图书馆的服务内容等措施。     

Systems theory,generation theory,and the university: Some predictions

In order to have vigorous and adaptive academic disciplines it is imperative that there be a continual inflow of new generations of academicians into the university. It is noted that current socio-economic conditions in North America are such that young academicians are not entering the university. The predicted long-term undesirable effects of the above situation are arrived at by considering it in the light of both systems theory and generation theory. In considering the university as a system, it is argued that there must be a greater coordination between the university's goals and purposes and the needs of society if the university system is to regain critical inputs (students, staff, and funds) so necessary to maintain its functioning. Karl Mannheim's theory of generations and social change is applied to that predicted situation where there is no new generation of academicians flowing into the university system. Finally, it is recommended that the basic tenets underlying the discipline of the sociology of knowledge be transformed into normative statements, thereby providing the rationale for greater interaction between society and its institutions of higher learning.     

Guiding a diverse mix of first-year business students: implications for university administrators,instructors and students

This article describes a collaborative research project by the institutional research group and a team of faculty members at a Canadian university. In response to an increasingly diverse mix of students, the researchers set out to develop an understanding of relationships between student characteristics, categorized as demographic differences, personal attributes and academic preparedness, and student outcomes measured by both grades and student perceptions. Significant differences were found in grades outcomes based on characteristics such as international status, secondary school grades, study habits and writing skills. However, these differences were not evident in student perceptions of course value or learning achievement. This study has important implications for university administrators (recruiting, intake assessment and student support), instructors (understanding of diversity characteristics and how students perceive learning experience) and for students, who can be given an opportunity to better understand how their own personal characteristics might affect their learning experiences and outcomes.     

优化课堂教学 还原学生主体

教育,归根结底是人的教育。一切必须以学生的发展为中心,让学生成为课堂真正的主人。《语文课程标准》所主张的"努力建设开放而有活力的语文课程",正是基于这样的出发点提出的。本文紧扣学生是学习和发展的主体这一关键,分别从兴趣的指引,全面对话,开拓与探究,体会和感悟四个方面阐述了对于优化语文课堂教学的看法,深入探索建设开放而有活力的语文课程的途径。