The new social studies,textbooks, and reform in social studies

The New Social Studies curriculum development movement was short-lived, in part because project staff were not sensitive to the realities of the educational context within which their materials and methods would be used. Although textbook-based recitation persists in social studies classrooms, textbooks are not a ready mechanism for reform. Among the reasons are the institutional constraints on publishers and the difficulty in effecting curricular change without appropriate teacher preparation and modifications in the educational environment. James P. Shaver id professor of secondary education, associate dean for research, College of Education, and acting dean of the School of Graduate Studies, Utah State University, Logan. He has been president of the National Council for the Social Studies and has received NCSS’s Citation for Exemplary Research. His numerous books and articles include materials for students, research reports, and discussion of educational rationale-building, rationales for social studies education, and research philosophy.     

Academic social bookmarking: An empirical analysis of Connotea users

Three groups of social bookmarking users, namely experienced users, users with moderate level of experience, and novice users, were investigated, in terms of their reported tagging behaviors, perceived usefulness of social bookmarking in information discovery and management, and perceived usefulness of the bookmarking features provided. Based on the empirical analysis of the Connotea users, who are primarily in academia, the study shows that experienced academic users generally prefer to use social bookmarking while moderately experienced and novice users still prefer to use the traditional bookmarking methods, such as creating and using bookmarks on a dedicated computer. Experienced academic users were also found to create more tags per bookmark comparing to the other two groups. Most novice academic users, however, only created one tag per bookmark, which just met Connotea's minimum requirement. Surprisingly different from the collaborative design nature of the social bookmarking systems, the study finds that our participants, particularly experienced academic users, prefer to create and use their own bookmarks rather than sharing bookmarks created by others. In fact, experienced users have significantly higher frequency (once every two weeks) of creating bookmarks than the other two groups (once a month or less). In addition, website design features and functions, such as automatic collection of bibliographic information, are regarded by all participants as helpful for information discovery. The in-depth examination and discussion of the opinions of Connotea users may be useful for further improvement of the design features and usage applications, particularly for academic social bookmarking websites. The results may also have potential implications to the future development of social bookmarking services in general.     

Old solutions in a new age: Cataloging and the future of access to government information

The availability of U.S. Government Printing Office bibliographic tapes for copy cataloging or for loading directly into online catalogs may have lulled documents librarians into believing that the problem of bibliographic control for documents collections has been solved. Others may believe that with the move to an electronic distribution system for United States government information, creating and loading bibliographic records for government publications into local library catalogs is becoming an anachronism. This article discusses the functions of cataloging in light of continuing needs and current developments in access to government information. Recommendations are made for ways that the library community, providers of government information, and automation specialists can work together to reexamine bibliographic standards, expand tape loading to non-U.S. depository documents collections, link useful bibliographic databases with library catalogs, and use cataloging of Internet resources to show relationships between physical collections and remotely accessible government information.     

对《中图法》（四版）F类目结构的分析与调整

《中图法》（四版）F类是修订过程中重点的类目之一。随着全球经济的发展,有许多类目需要进一步修订。文章对F类的主类结构、细类设置及内容提出了修订建议,从结构调整、共性区分、注释内容增减等方面分析了需修订的类目。     

Revisiting social media institutionalization in government. An empirical analysis of barriers

Social media have become a common organizational resource of governments and public administrations in different contexts. Previous authors have stated that social media institutionalization encompasses a process including stages from experimentation to complete command of the innovation. However, an understanding of barriers to social media institutionalization in public administration needs to be developed. In this article we focus on exploring what factors operate as barriers of the social media institutionalization process. Methodologically, we use a mixed-methods strategy combining different sources of data for triangulation purposes, including a survey on social media conducted to Spanish largest local governments. Based on this data, and following the literature on social media institutionalization, we construct a Social Media Institutionalization Index (SMI). Our SMI is founded on a set of variables measuring to what extent social media have been embedded in public sector organizations. Also, we conducted a case study in a city council based on semi-structured interviews. Our results suggest that social media institutionalization has not been fully developed in our sample of local governments. In addition, different variables (including security, lack of resources for maintenance, control and evaluation, organizational culture, or absence of governance framework) are perceived by public managers as institutionalization barriers, whereas the governance scheme of social media seems to be the critical variable. At the same time, we emphasize that some inhibitors might be overvalued by public employees. This article encourages future avenues of comparative research and practical recommendations to public managers leading social media in the public sector.     

Back to the future of AACR: retooling former cataloging practices to solve problems old and new

New forms of publication have called into question AACR2’s current division of the type of publication into monographs and serials. This paper analyzes the recommendations in the April 1999 report to the Joint Steering Committee (JSC) on AACR, “Revising AACR2 to Accommodate Seriality.” The JSC report presents a new type of publication model, which recognizes elements of seriality in resources that do not meet the current AACR2 definition of serial. Recommendations in the JSC report attempt to provide rules for the cataloging of new forms of materials as well as solutions to other current cataloging problems. Some of these solutions are based on incorporating and adapting the best of former rules and practices. Anticipated benefits of the rule revision include harmonization of AACR2 with international standards, reduction of needless title changes, and a more holistic approach to serials cataloging.     

新世纪国际人工智能研究领域可视化分析

目的：全面了解新世纪国际人工智能领域的研究现状与研究热点。方法：运用TDA软件,利用文献统计分析、关键词共现分析的方法揭示研究热点。结果：国际人工智能领域文献量呈上升趋势,其中美国发文量排名第一,中国位居第六。人工智能的主研究领域包括计算机科学、工程学、自动化与控制系统3个学科。研究热点为遗传算法、神经网络和机器学习。结论：新世纪国际人工智能研究涉及多个学科,研究热点集中在知识获取、知识表示和问题求解3个宏观层面,神经网络、遗传算法和机器学习是研究者们关注的核心。     

Press coverage of a social problem in Singapore: An analysis of content,modes and styles of communication

This study examines how Singapore's newspapers are able to play a nation‐building role whilst still maintaining their individuality. It aims to discover the similarities and differences among the newspapers by analysing a wide cross‐section of articles on a social problem over a span of four and a half years.

The study found that the Singapore press responded to the government's campaign against juvenile delinquency by giving greater coverage to this social problem. The leading newspapers were more active than the smaller newspapers in covering the issue, and differed from the smaller newspapers in their content and modes of communication. There were statistically significant differences in the styles of communication but the magnitude of differences was not large.     

Library Catalog Analysis as a tool in studies of social sciences and humanities: An exploratory study of published book titles in Economics

This paper explores the use of Library Catalog Analysis (LCA), defined as the application of bibliometric or informetric techniques to a set of library online catalogs, to describe quantitatively a scientific-scholarly field on the basis of published book titles. It focuses on its value as a tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities, especially its cognitive structures, main book publishers and the research performance of its actors. The paper proposes an analogy model between traditional citation analysis of journal articles and Library Catalog Analysis of book titles. It presents the outcomes of an exploratory study of book titles in Economics included in 42 academic library catalogs from 7 countries. It describes the process of data collection and cleaning, and applies a series of indicators and thematic mapping techniques. It illustrates how LCA can be fruitfully used to assess book production and research performance at the level of an individual researcher, a research department, an entire country and a book publisher. It discusses a number of issues that should be addressed in follow-up studies and concludes that LCA of published book titles can be developed into a powerful and useful tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities.     

1991—2000年我国情报学理论研究论文统计分析

本文从年代、著者、期刊、主题等角度对1991 -2000年我国情报学理论研究论文进行了分析 ,文章基本反映出10年来我国情报学理论研究的实际状况     

User studies: Electronic journals and user response to new modes of information delivery

Measuring in-library use of printed journals has always been difficult. Even when libraries monitor the use of their journal collections, data collected rarely go beyond the level of title and are often incomplete. Participation in a European Union funded project on the delivery of electronic files of journals to end users (DECOMATE) has enabled the London School of Economics (LSE) to collect qualitative and quantitative data on the use of its journal collections. This paper describes how user statistics are being collected at the LSE. It looks at the difficulties that have been encountered in collecting the data and at the solutions that have been found. Comparisons will be made between patterns of use within a traditional library environment and user behavior as journal literature becomes available as electronic images, accessible over the network. The paper concludes with speculation about the benefits that may derive from collecting and analyzing user statistics.     

高中新课标数学教材科学性和数学式符号格式的差错分析

分析当前高中新课标数学教材中的一些科学性差错,以及数学式符号、格式在标准化编排方面存在的问题.中小学教材的编校质量和在编排标准化方面具有重要的示范意义,应该引起重视.     

Known-item searches and search tactics in library search systems: Results from four transaction log analysis studies

A better understanding of users' search interactions in library search systems is key to improving the result ranking. By focusing on known-item searches (searches for an item already known) and search tactics, vast improvement can be made. To better understand user behaviour, we conducted four transaction-log studies, comprising more than 4.2 million search sessions from two German library search systems. Results show that most sessions are rather short; users tend to issue short queries and usually do not go beyond the first search engine result page (SERP). The most frequently used search tactic was the extension of a query (‘Exhaust’). Looking at the known-item searches, it becomes clear that this query type is of great importance. Between 38%–57% of all queries are known-item queries. Titles or title parts were the most frequent elements of these queries, either alone or in combination with the author's name. Unsuccessful known-item searches were often caused by items not available in the system. Results can be applied by libraries and library system vendors to improve their systems, as well as when designing new systems. Future research, in addition to log data, should also include background information on the usage, for example, through user surveys.     

Trust,norms and networks in social media environmental mobilization: a social capital analysis of Under the Dome in China

After the Spring Festival of 2015, an environmental documentary called Under the Dome in which Chai Jing acted as a narrator has caused the public opinion to boom in social media in China. Why could a documentary released by internet attract so much attention and spark such a heated discussion? What are the factors that have influence on the information dissemination of social media environmental mobilization? This paper employed case study and semi-structure interviews to reveal these questions. It turned out that individual trust, group norms and information networks of the social capital played an important role in the social media environmental mobilization. The reason why Under the Dome became a hot issue was that it made full use of the social media users’ trust on the mobilizer, aroused the mobilized’s emotions and combined the network channels of social relationships.     

A dialectical analysis of a social justice process: International collaboration in South Africa

This paper presents a case study of an international team collaboration between US and South African conflict specialists and educators implementing a Community Peace and Safety Network in four communities in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The project, funded by the United States Information Agency, was a social justice initiative that provided mediation training for school and community centers to aid them in accomplishing constructive conflict management and social change. Following an overview of the project goals, stages, and accomplishments, Smith and Berg's theory of paradoxes in groups is used to analyze the negotiated relationships in the international team and the mutual influence of group tensions and community impact throughout the 18‐month project period. Discussion includes implications for dialectical analyses of groups and for social justice scholars.