The new social studies,textbooks, and reform in social studies

The New Social Studies curriculum development movement was short-lived, in part because project staff were not sensitive to the realities of the educational context within which their materials and methods would be used. Although textbook-based recitation persists in social studies classrooms, textbooks are not a ready mechanism for reform. Among the reasons are the institutional constraints on publishers and the difficulty in effecting curricular change without appropriate teacher preparation and modifications in the educational environment. James P. Shaver id professor of secondary education, associate dean for research, College of Education, and acting dean of the School of Graduate Studies, Utah State University, Logan. He has been president of the National Council for the Social Studies and has received NCSS’s Citation for Exemplary Research. His numerous books and articles include materials for students, research reports, and discussion of educational rationale-building, rationales for social studies education, and research philosophy.     

Academic social bookmarking: An empirical analysis of Connotea users

Three groups of social bookmarking users, namely experienced users, users with moderate level of experience, and novice users, were investigated, in terms of their reported tagging behaviors, perceived usefulness of social bookmarking in information discovery and management, and perceived usefulness of the bookmarking features provided. Based on the empirical analysis of the Connotea users, who are primarily in academia, the study shows that experienced academic users generally prefer to use social bookmarking while moderately experienced and novice users still prefer to use the traditional bookmarking methods, such as creating and using bookmarks on a dedicated computer. Experienced academic users were also found to create more tags per bookmark comparing to the other two groups. Most novice academic users, however, only created one tag per bookmark, which just met Connotea's minimum requirement. Surprisingly different from the collaborative design nature of the social bookmarking systems, the study finds that our participants, particularly experienced academic users, prefer to create and use their own bookmarks rather than sharing bookmarks created by others. In fact, experienced users have significantly higher frequency (once every two weeks) of creating bookmarks than the other two groups (once a month or less). In addition, website design features and functions, such as automatic collection of bibliographic information, are regarded by all participants as helpful for information discovery. The in-depth examination and discussion of the opinions of Connotea users may be useful for further improvement of the design features and usage applications, particularly for academic social bookmarking websites. The results may also have potential implications to the future development of social bookmarking services in general.     

对《中图法》（四版）F类目结构的分析与调整

《中图法》（四版）F类是修订过程中重点的类目之一。随着全球经济的发展,有许多类目需要进一步修订。文章对F类的主类结构、细类设置及内容提出了修订建议,从结构调整、共性区分、注释内容增减等方面分析了需修订的类目。     

新世纪国际人工智能研究领域可视化分析

目的：全面了解新世纪国际人工智能领域的研究现状与研究热点。方法：运用TDA软件,利用文献统计分析、关键词共现分析的方法揭示研究热点。结果：国际人工智能领域文献量呈上升趋势,其中美国发文量排名第一,中国位居第六。人工智能的主研究领域包括计算机科学、工程学、自动化与控制系统3个学科。研究热点为遗传算法、神经网络和机器学习。结论：新世纪国际人工智能研究涉及多个学科,研究热点集中在知识获取、知识表示和问题求解3个宏观层面,神经网络、遗传算法和机器学习是研究者们关注的核心。     

Press coverage of a social problem in Singapore: An analysis of content,modes and styles of communication

This study examines how Singapore's newspapers are able to play a nation‐building role whilst still maintaining their individuality. It aims to discover the similarities and differences among the newspapers by analysing a wide cross‐section of articles on a social problem over a span of four and a half years.

The study found that the Singapore press responded to the government's campaign against juvenile delinquency by giving greater coverage to this social problem. The leading newspapers were more active than the smaller newspapers in covering the issue, and differed from the smaller newspapers in their content and modes of communication. There were statistically significant differences in the styles of communication but the magnitude of differences was not large.     

Library Catalog Analysis as a tool in studies of social sciences and humanities: An exploratory study of published book titles in Economics

This paper explores the use of Library Catalog Analysis (LCA), defined as the application of bibliometric or informetric techniques to a set of library online catalogs, to describe quantitatively a scientific-scholarly field on the basis of published book titles. It focuses on its value as a tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities, especially its cognitive structures, main book publishers and the research performance of its actors. The paper proposes an analogy model between traditional citation analysis of journal articles and Library Catalog Analysis of book titles. It presents the outcomes of an exploratory study of book titles in Economics included in 42 academic library catalogs from 7 countries. It describes the process of data collection and cleaning, and applies a series of indicators and thematic mapping techniques. It illustrates how LCA can be fruitfully used to assess book production and research performance at the level of an individual researcher, a research department, an entire country and a book publisher. It discusses a number of issues that should be addressed in follow-up studies and concludes that LCA of published book titles can be developed into a powerful and useful tool in studies of Social Sciences and Humanities.     

1991—2000年我国情报学理论研究论文统计分析

本文从年代、著者、期刊、主题等角度对1991 -2000年我国情报学理论研究论文进行了分析 ,文章基本反映出10年来我国情报学理论研究的实际状况     

A dialectical analysis of a social justice process: International collaboration in South Africa

This paper presents a case study of an international team collaboration between US and South African conflict specialists and educators implementing a Community Peace and Safety Network in four communities in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The project, funded by the United States Information Agency, was a social justice initiative that provided mediation training for school and community centers to aid them in accomplishing constructive conflict management and social change. Following an overview of the project goals, stages, and accomplishments, Smith and Berg's theory of paradoxes in groups is used to analyze the negotiated relationships in the international team and the mutual influence of group tensions and community impact throughout the 18‐month project period. Discussion includes implications for dialectical analyses of groups and for social justice scholars.     

Normalization of zero-inflated data: An empirical analysis of a new indicator family and its use with altmetrics data

Recently, two new indicators (Equalized Mean-based Normalized Proportion Cited, EMNPC; Mean-based Normalized Proportion Cited, MNPC) were proposed which are intended for sparse scientometrics data, e.g., alternative metrics (altmetrics). The indicators compare the proportion of mentioned papers (e.g. on Facebook) of a unit (e.g., a researcher or institution) with the proportion of mentioned papers in the corresponding fields and publication years (the expected values). In this study, we propose a third indicator (Mantel-Haenszel quotient, MHq) belonging to the same indicator family. The MHq is based on the MH analysis – an established method in statistics for the comparison of proportions. We test (using citations and assessments by peers, i.e. F1000Prime recommendations) if the three indicators can distinguish between different quality levels as defined on the basis of the assessments by peers. Thus, we test their convergent validity. We find that the indicator MHq is able to distinguish between the quality levels in most cases while MNPC and EMNPC are not. Since the MHq is shown in this study to be a valid indicator, we apply it to six types of zero-inflated altmetrics data and test whether different altmetrics sources are related to quality. The results for the various altmetrics demonstrate that the relationship between altmetrics (Wikipedia, Facebook, blogs, and news data) and assessments by peers is not as strong as the relationship between citations and assessments by peers. Actually, the relationship between citations and peer assessments is about two to three times stronger than the association between altmetrics and assessments by peers.     

Impacts of government website information on social sciences and humanities in China: A citation analysis

The purpose of this research is to investigate the current state and trend of government website information cited by social science and humanities (SS&H) journal articles in China. The Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI) was used as the benchmark and the Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) journals as the reference samples. It analyzed 204,019 web citations (N = 5,063,237) found in 925,506 articles that were published in CSSCI journals during the 1998–2009 period. The findings unveil that web citations accounted for only 4.03% of the total number of citations (N = 5,063,237), and that citations of Chinese government websites constituted 6.6% of the total number of web citations (N = 204,019). The study disclosed detailed information regarding citations derived from ministries and commissions directly under the State Council websites (N = 69), government online media (N = 7), government website citation subjects (N = 21), and various types of government website information (N = 5). Although government website information has limited influence on SS&H, their impact is currently growing rapidly. In comparison with international research community, influence of government web information on Chinese social science is higher, while its influence on humanities is lower. Essentially, Chinese scholars put emphasis on citing information from authoritative central government websites or highly visible state-owned media information as supporting evidences in their articles. In general, the citation of information from Chinese government website tends to hot social issues of society. Finally, it is necessary to promote the visibility of local government websites, to develop policies and guidelines to encourage the disclosure and the diversity of data, so that there will be more citation balances between social and technological topics.     

Innovation in academic libraries: An analysis of university librarians' perspectives

Through a series of structured interviews, university librarians at six institutions provided their perspectives on innovation in academic libraries. The literature on leadership styles and organizational change provides insight into the roles of these leaders in the innovation process. Leadership was cited by many researchers as being a critical factor for organizations to innovate. University librarians revealed a commitment to innovation, some distinctively nontraditional innovations, and a concern for how to encourage risk-taking behavior. Further insight into the innovation process was sought by interpreting the interview data within a larger theoretical context. Although leadership and management can foster innovation in a library, researchers have reported other factors that can influence the ability to innovate, including organizational aspects – size and complexity – and environmental factors. Beyond the organizational aspects, the individual and the norms of the profession appear to create a framework with certain boundaries, some of which may impact the ability to innovate.     

智能信息推拉技术的数字图书馆主动信息服务手段研究

信息系统是一种人机系统,计算机系统作为服务提供者应提高其主动服务的自动化程度。文章介绍了智能信息推拉技术(IIPP),并以主动智能决策支持系统为例,介绍了基于IIPP的主动信息服务系统的设计和实现。     

是共产党救我们跳出火坑——摧毁旧上海娼妓制度实录

旧上海,十里洋场,花花世界。在旧称四马路（今福州路）的会乐里及其附近一带石库门旧式里弄,就是上海典型的红灯区。那时的福州路,呈现截然不同的两种风光。这一头,是鳞次栉比的书店和各类文具商店,受到文化人的青睐,困而有“文化街”的美称。但是,就在同一条马路的另一头,却是妓院林立,暗娼涌动,堪称旧上海妓院暗娟最为集中的地方。     

安徽省高职高专院校读者服务工作调查分析

通过对部分安徽省高职高专院校图书馆读者服务工作现状的调查,分析了产生这些状况的原因,提出提高读者服务工作水平和质量的措施。     

Listening in organizations: An analysis of error structures in models of listening competency

Who do organizational members perceive as competent listeners? The Organizational Listening Survey was used to recall listening behaviors and attitudes through self‐ and other‐reports of typical interactions of employees participating in communication training. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a single General factor model was proposed. While the results were defensible, analysis of the error structures suggested that three additional factors were reliably discriminable and somewhat predictive of impressions of listening effectiveness and satisfaction with the work relationship. Similarly, a General factor plus two “error factors” was seen to be useful in describing perceptions of co‐workers.