美国基于课程标准的绩效责任之研究--以加利福尼亚州绩效责任政策为例

美国基于课程标准的绩效责任政策假设:能够制定出清楚的测量目标,学校和教师具有实现目标的能力但缺乏实现目标的意愿,学校本质上是一个追求效率的组织等.然而这些假设均受到了一定的质疑.     

行政决策责任追究程序启动标准问题研究

合法正当有效的程序是行政决策责任追究走向法治轨道健康、持续发展的保证。假如责任追究是一条河流,正义是河水,那么程序就是堤岸。具体的程序性规定就是堤岸上一道道闸口,控制河水的流速与方向。行政决策责任追究程序启动标准和行政决策失误的评判标准,可谓是一体两面。也就是说,凡是行政决策不当导致决策失误的,就应当启动责任追究程序,追究相应主体的责任。但是,现实既有程序启动标准的模糊性,使得行政决策责任追究充满了随意性、情绪化,甚至戏剧性。必须从过程和结果导向出发,进一步细化程序启动的具体标准。     

教师参与课程发展:权与责

基础教育课程改革的新理念使教师参与课程发展有了新的变化,本文论述了在课程发展中教师权力享的有必然性,分析了教师参与整个课程发展过程使权力的途径：即参与课程设计和决策、课程实施以及课程评价,从而指出教师参与课程发展权力与职责的一致性。     

Using National Standards and Models of Excellence as Frameworks for Accountability

The authors describe several national standards and models of excellence, and demonstrate how two states, Maine and New Hampshire, have integrated these standards and models into their recommendations to school counseling programs for developing and implementing comprehensive career development programs. Emphasis is placed upon three factors: curriculum integration, guidance program evaluation, and accountability to school and community.     

Commentary: Accountability Policy and Scholarly Research

Since 2001, considerations of school reform have been dominated by performance-based accountability. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has changed the way policymakers and educators talk about education, look at educational performance, and think about educational challenges. Nonetheless, NCLB and the state accountability systems it has spawned have been subjected to little careful scrutiny. This article discusses four recent research contributions and considers how they might inform policymaking on accountability. While scholarly scrutiny will not necessarily settle debates, it can help yield more constructive and informed decisions. In particular, research can clarify the actual consequences of policy decisions; highlight and refine approaches that may be more reliable, stable, and effective than those in use; flag the unanticipated or overlooked effects of design decisions; and ensure that both policymakers and the public are aware of the costs and benefits of accountability.     

网络问责运行机制分析——兼论网络问责对我国行政问责制建设的意义

网络问责通过网络媒体、传统媒体和公众的交互作用形成一种网络公共舆论,从而形成一种交往权力,影响并制约政府行政权力来达到问责的目的。网络问责促进了我国行政问责文化和责任行政理念的形成;推动了行政问责的制度化进程;壮大了异体问责的力量;拓展了行政问责途径,对我国行政问责制度产生了深远的影响。     

The Rules of Engagement: Examining the Limits of Standards and Accountability Policy

Standards and accountability policies are central elements of school reform agendas aimed at equalizing students' access to quality education and closing the achievement gap. Yet, such policies have failed to yield the expected, large scale results. One explanation may be found in the embedded zones of wishful thinking. Two particular zones of wishful thinking are the policies' efficacy to foster deep learning and the standards' ability to create cohesive P–12 systems of educational excellence.     

Beyond Accountability and Average Mathematics Scores: Relating State Education Policy Attributes to Cognitive Achievement Domains

We found moderate correlations among four policy attributes (consistency, specificity, authority, and power), which suggest that in many states, at least in design, standards-based reform is working as advocates imagined—aligned content standards and assessments established, backed up by detailed guidelines and frameworks, incentivized by rewards and sanctions, and supported with extra resources and programs for struggling students and their teachers. Our findings suggest that specificity and authority may be related to improvements in procedural knowledge, and no change in problem solving or conceptual understanding, while power (accountability) may be associated with a small decrease in all types of learning. We found that disadvantaged students showed gains in procedural knowledge and did not lose ground in either conceptual understanding or problem solving. Implications for developing an improved theory of policy effects on achievement are discussed.     

Refining Methods for Estimating Critical Values for an Alignment Index

Abstract

The alignment among standards, assessments, and teachers’ instruction is an essential element of standards-based educational reforms. The Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) is the only common tool that can be used to measure the alignment among all three of these sources (Martone & Sireci, 2009). Prior SEC alignment work has been limited by not allowing for significance tests. A recent article (Fulmer, 2011) provided a first attempt to address this shortcoming of the SEC, but that work was limited in several ways. We extend Fulmer's simulation approach by accounting for important elements of the SEC procedures, including the proper framework size, number of standards and assessment points, number of raters, rater cell-splitting rates, and rater agreement results. The results indicate that inferences about relative alignment may be heavily influenced by features of the alignment procedures. Thus, our method should be broadly applied to future SEC alignment investigations.     

关于完善我国行政问责制的思考

全面推进行政问责制是我国政治体制改革的一项重要内容。本文分析了在推进行政问责制的进程中所面临的权责不清、行政监督虚置、问责文化滞后等主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。     

我国高校财务领域有效问责与办学活力问题

在世界范围内,高等教育和高等学校的问责制度逐渐成为社会契约的一个内容,我国高校财务问责也逐渐开始成为受人关注的话题.在我国,政府对高校的深度干预既是影响高校办学活力的原因,也是造成财务问责制度无法有效实施的重要原因.鉴于西方国家在同责制度上的经验和教训,我国高校财务问责制度应按照有效问责的目标进行完善,既要达到问责的目的、又要保障办学活力,还要最大限度的节约社会资源.要做到有效问责,就要准确地把握问责的目的,重新确定高校的责任边界,合理安排多种利益关系,逐步推动问责过程.     

论教育立法中问责的模糊性

我国现行教育法律在保障教育事业健康发展方面起着巨大作用,但教育立法在法律责任的问责主体、问责情节、问责形式、问责程序等方面的规定,仍存有不同程度的模糊性,需要由教育法律自身对其作出明确的法律界定或由相关权限机构作出法律解释。     

问责制与美国高校管理

问责制度首先用于行政领域,后随民主化等推进,在美国高校管理中被广泛采用,是美国政府及社会监督高校的一项重要手段.问责制在美国高校兴起的原因是教育质量的滑坡、经费的缩减及信息技术的广泛应用.问责制必须建立起相应的制度规范,健全"明确责任-实施问责-责任追究"的制度体系,完善问责法规、明确问责范围、规范问责行为、健全问责机构,才能朝着长远、科学的方向发展.     

论当前我国行政问责制及其发展

行政问责这一概念是一个舶来品,它伴随着现代责任政府而产生,近些年在我国逐渐起步,从2003年SARS风波到今年的山西黑煤窑事件,行政问责制在树立政府公信力方面起到了重要作用,但是纵观行政问责制这几年在我国的发展,其存在的问题也是多方面的,本文通过对现阶段我国行政问责制运行过程中存在的问题分析,提出了完善行政问责制的若干建议。     

行政问责制执行中存在的问题与对策

我国的行政问责制自2003年启动以来,通过各级政府的不断努力,已经取得了有目共睹的成效,起到一定的作用.但现实中在涉及问责执行人员意识、问责执行力、问责体系上都还有不足地方,尤其是对问责实施过程中执行力"时强时若"的问题上进行观点的阐发.     

西方发达国家行政问责制对我国的启示

加强权力监督,防治权力腐败和决策失误,关系到国家政权的持续运转和社会秩序的稳定。西方国家对此进行了广泛深入地探索,积累了丰富的经验,应借鉴其合理因素,为我国行政问责制的发展提供有益的参考。     

当前我国高校问责制的不足与改进

问责制起源于公共行政领域,是现代制度研究的一个重要内容。随着教育民主化浪潮的推进,问责制也被逐渐引入教育管理体制中,在美国的高校管理中受到广泛的应用。针对当前我国高校问责制存在的不足,从制度建设的层面提出改进我国高校问责制的策略。     

基于教育立法的教育问责基本要素探析

教育问责昭示着特定的关系安排,它规定了与教育系统有关的不同群体之间一种正式的控制与被控制关系,标明了一方就教育资源的管理与自身角色,对另一方所负的某种责任。在问责关系的安排下,教育问责包涵了问责主体、问责客体、问责范围和结果等多种要素。教育立法是教育问责实践的核心依据,教育问责实践包含了问责的主体、客体、范围、标准和结果的基本要素。