研究型本科教育中化学实践教学体系的改革与创新

一、目前化学实践教学中现存的问题传统的基础化学实验课程按照无机化学、有机化学、分析化学和物理化学的“四大化学”体系,也相应分为无机化学实验、有机化学实验、分析化学实验和物理化学实验,以“实证 体验”的方式,伴随课堂理论教学,把理论知识以具体、感性的化学反应现象     

商品检验化学实验课的设立与建设

商品检验化学课程涉及到无机化学、分析化学、物理化学和食品化学等多学科的理论与技术.针对这个特点,通过精选实验内容,以进行创新思维的培养,并对实验课的设计、教学方法等问题进行了探讨.     

引入前沿成果提高物理化学课教学质量

物理化学课程作为一门化工专业的基础理论课程,既承担着将无机化学、有机化学和分析化学等课程的知识上升到更高理论层次的责任,也扮演着承担化工原理、化学反应工程等课程的理论基础的角色[1]。另一方面,物理化学作为一门研究化学体系中物质结构和变化基本规律的学科,从20世纪以来,通过量子力学和现代物理方法,在化学热力学、化学动力学、结构化学和电化学等领域取得了大量令人兴奋的科研成     

上好物理化学实验课应当重视的几个问题

物理化学实验课,是师专化学系三年级学生的最后一门基础实验课和必修课。该课程对先行课程(无机化学实验、有机化学实验、分析化学实验等)基本实验技能的训练是一个巩固、熟练和提高的过程。对于掌握物理化学的研究方法,加深对物理化学基本概念和基本理论的理解,增强解决实际问题的能力,无疑是十分必要的。因此,上好物理化学实验课,加强物理化学实验课的教学方法研究,提高物理化学实验课的教学质量,对于培养合格的化学系学生和合格     

新建本科分析化学课程教学改革与设想

<正> 分析化学是发展和应用各种方法、仪器和策略以测定有关物质在空间和时间方面的组成和性质的一门科学,由化学分析和仪器分析两部份组成.其内容涉及无机化学、有机化学、物理化学、环境化学、生物化学等学科的理论与实验方法,一直被列为与无机化学、有机化学、物理化学并称的高校化学专业四大主干基础课程.随着学科的飞速发展,如何培养高质量的本科合格人才,真正实现由专科到本科成功转型,是一批新升本科院校面临的繁重任务.为构筑富有先进性和实践性的分析化学教学内容体系,我们进行了一些有益的探索,以期与同行交流。     

发展中的化学第实验室

化学系自创办至今，经过二十多年的发展，现有无机非金属材料工程、应用化学、化学工程与工艺和化学教育等四个专业，主要开设实验课程有仪器分析、有机化学、分析化学、基础化学、无机化学、物理化学和专业实验等共十二门。[第一段]     

无机化学、普通化学课程一些问题的说明

鉴于中央电大对于化轻工(含食品、环保、地矿等)专业制定的“无机化学”课程和“非化工专业制定的“普通化学”课程的教学计划及使用教材存在的一些问题,作如下说明。“无机化学”、“分析化学”、“有机化学”、“物理化学”课程是化轻工、化学专业重要的四大专业基础课。其中“无机化学”课程是第一门必修的专业基础课,它的内容分为基本理论及元素和化合物两大部分。基本理论部分包括元素周期律、化学热力学初步、物质结构、化学平衡和化学反应速度、电化学等的基本原理,这部分内容是“无机化学”课程的基础。元素和化合物部分是“无机化学”课程的中心内容。因此,这两部分内容是有关专业知识结构的主要组成部分,也是构成“无机化学”课程完整体系不可缺少的内容,二者缺一不可。     

提高“物理化学”课堂教学质量的探讨

正物理化学是继无机化学、有机化学、分析化学之后开设的化学化工类专业的四大必修基础课程之一,该课程是数理化有机结合、有序结构的统一体,对学生后继课程的学习和思维品质的培养起着重要作用。但是,物理化学具有概念多、公式多、计算多、理论性强、系统性强、逻辑性强的特点,学生普遍感到难懂难学。另外,高技层次、大专层次的生源中,理科基础差的学生多,还有不少大专层次的学生以前是文科生,使包括物理化学在内的多门专业课程的教学受到很大的影响。因此,探讨职业院校物理化学的课堂教学方法意义重大。     

无机化学在分析化学教学中的渗透

无机化学和分析化学这两门课程属于医学检验专业学生必备的专业基础知识。为保证学生掌握这两门课程的脉络,在教学中有效地将无机化学知识渗透于分析化学的教学中,作者结合教学经验进行了总结。1.物质的量的概念是分析化学中滴定分析法计算的基础。2.溶液的浓度是分析化学定量分析计算的依据。3.溶液的配制和稀释是分析化学中配制标准溶液的基本实验技能。4.酸碱滴定法、沉淀滴定法、配位滴定法、氧化还原滴定法是分析化学中滴定分析法的核心。5.分析化学中滴定分析法均应用了无机化学的离子反应原理。6.氧化还原滴定法、酸碱滴定法和配位滴定法运用了化学反应速率和化学平衡原理。7.盐类的水解、缓冲溶液等电解质溶液的有关知识是学习分析化学中酸碱滴定曲线规律的理论基础。8.学习分析化学中色谱法需要的无机化学知识点。     

环境工程

本专业与泰州市环境保护局联合办学,主要培养从事工矿企业及城乡环境污染的控制、治理,环境监测和评价的高等技术应用型人才。主要课程设置有:应用高等数学。英语。计算机应用基础、无机化学、有机化学、分析化学、物理化学、化工原理、仪器分析、环境监测与分析、废气废渣废水处理及环保法     

Integrating Guided Inquiry into a Traditional Chemistry Curricular Framework

The case study presented in this paper examines the work of one high school chemistry teacher who has integrated guided inquiry into a yearlong, traditional curricular framework in ways that take into account the constraints and realities of her classroom. The study’s findings suggest (1) the extent and frequency to which teachers can realistically integrate guided inquiry into existing science curricula, (2) the manner in which teachers can make effective transitions into and out of a guided inquiry, and (3) the way in which teachers can set an overarching goal to bring a driving purpose to all of the guided inquiries that the students experience. Based on the insights gained from the current case study, an argument is made that researchers should examine the practice of other teachers (especially in the common subjects of biology, chemistry, and physics) who have integrated guided inquiry into the fabric of their curricula. By doing so, a library of case studies can be built that will provide science teachers with new ideas on how inquiry can be holistically and productively integrated into yearlong traditional curricular frameworks.     

从新课程的特点看教师角色的变化

本文从新课程的特点来管窥教师角色的变化，深入阐述了教师角色在新课程中应转化为课程的开发者、建设者、研究者、创造者、反思者、改进者、合作者、协调者，以及学生发展的引导者和促进者，旨在帮助教师树立正确的教师角色理念，以形成良好的角色转换机制，为新课程的顺利实施作有益探索。     

Teachers’ conceptualization and enactment of twenty-first century competences: exploring dimensions for new curricula

Despite the advocated importance of twenty-first century competences in education, it appears that they are not systematically integrated in national curricula, school curricula and classroom activities. Potential explanations can be found in the current ambiguity of definitions for twenty-first century competences and the absence of educational actors in curriculum development. Responding to both shortcomings, this study aims to explore how teachers’ conceptualization and enactment of twenty-first century competences constitute dimensions that can inform curricular guidelines. An exploratory factor analysis of teachers’ self-reported classroom activities that foster students’ twenty-first century competences was conducted. The data comprised responses of 2,804 primary- and secondary-school teachers to a web-survey about the perceived occurrence of specific classroom activities targeting twenty-first century competences. Results suggested six coherent dimensions of classroom activities that foster twenty-first century competences: digital literacy, innovative thinking, critical thinking and communication, (digital) citizenship, self-regulated learning, and (computer-supported) collaborative learning. Nevertheless, there were substantial interrelationships among the six dimensions. This demonstrated that teachers did not perceive twenty-first century competences to be fostered by disconnected classroom activities, but that they already have a more integrative conception of the curricular innovation. The implications of these findings for curricula, teaching practice and research are discussed.     

Curriculum integration = course disintegration: What does this mean for anatomy?

Many basic scientists including anatomists are currently involved in decisions related to revisions of the undergraduate medical curriculum. Integration is a common theme in many of these decisions. As described by Harden, integration can occur along a multistep continuum from independent, discipline‐based courses to a completely interdisciplinary curriculum. For anatomy, each derivative of curricular integration can be shown to involve progressive disruptions of the temporal and topographical relationship between organ systems in a body region, of the temporal relationship with other courses in a harmonized curriculum, and of the relationships between components of organ systems when integration is implemented in thematic curricula. Drawing from our experience teaching in various types of integrated medical curricula, we encourage readers to proceed cautiously with their curricular decisions because each one can have gains and losses that may impact learning in the new format. Anat Sci Educ. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

初等教育学学科诉求及课程建设新探

初等教育学学科诉求是初等教育实践发展的历史推动,小学教师专业化建设的现实要求也反映了教育学学科自身既有综合又有分化的发展趋势。初等教育学学科诉求的任务,是建立形成初等教育学的理论范畴和学科体系,为儿童学习和成长创造一片崭新的天地。基于初等教育学学科建设,高师小学教育专业教育类课程应当重定课程的目标取向、重组课程的知识构成、重构课程的体系平台。     

对构建高等职业教育综合实践课程的研究

在我国高等职业教育起步较晚,课程建设以及课程类型、课程结构和课程模式建设上更需改变传统的分科课程模式,构建新的课程体系。在高等职业教育课程体系中构建一种“以工作项目为核心的模块式综合实训课程”,以加强学生综合运用技术能力的培养。     

新课程实施的问题、原因与对策

当前我国的课程改革正在轰轰烈烈地进行,课程改革能否取得成功的关键在于是否真正将课程改革方案付诸实践。综观我国当前的课程实施,不难发现存在着下述问题:如课程开发主体单一且开发能力薄弱;课程实施取向缺乏创生性;课程资源匮乏;课程实施缺乏有力的支撑体系;师资培训滞后于课程实施的需要。之所以会存在这些问题,主要是由于课程实施的复杂性、教育投入不足、教师对课程的理解存在差异以及师资培训模式僵硬死板等原因造成的。要解决这些问题,我们必须树立长远观念,加强对课程实施的研究,实行多样化的课程实施模式与策略,加强课程资源建设,建立良好的课程实施环境。     

新课程化学教学目标的设计研究

本文用系统论的角度对高中新课程下化学教学目标的设计理念、方法进行深入分析研究.对教学目标叙写的要素、行为主体、用词等进行阐述,并结合作者具体的教学实践介绍了中学化学教学目标科学、准确的几种叙写方法.     

新课程实施中课程人力资源的开发与利用

新课程实施中,课程人力资源的开发和利用是非常重要的一个方面。本文对课程人力资源的开发利用从三个方面进行讨论,即学生课程资源、教师课程资源和师生互动生成的课程资源;通过对这三方面的分析,认识到课程人力资源开发利用的现状,并提出开发利用的策略,从而提高教师的教学质量。     

Distinctions Without a Difference? Preschool Curricula and Children’s Development

Abstract

Public preschool programs require the use of a research-based, whole-child curriculum, yet limited research examines whether curricula influence classroom experiences and children’s development. We use five samples of preschool children to examine differences in classroom processes and children’s school readiness by classroom curricular status (curriculum/no curriculum), and across classrooms using different curricular packages. When a teacher reports using a curriculum, their classroom processes are indistinguishable from classrooms where teachers report using no curriculum. Some differences in classroom activities emerged across classrooms using different curricula; however, substantial variability exists across classrooms using the same curriculum. Head Start program fixed effects models and meta-analytic regressions reveal few associations between curricula and children's skills. Findings question whether preschool curricular policy benefit child development.