西欧福利国家的理论演变与政策调整

欧洲福利国家从产生之日到当前的福利改革经历了从古典自由主义———中间道路学派———新右派自由主义———社会民主主义“第三条道路”的理论演变 ,伴随着理论的变迁 ,欧洲各国的社会政策也经历着不断调整的过程。文章从思想理念与现实社会政策两条线索对福利国家的产生、发展、调整、完善进行把握和分析 ,认为福利国家是在对各种理论和思想的不断吸收、借鉴和不断融合中运行着自身独特的历史发展过程。     

试论地理教育哲学

一、地理教育学的产生是历史发展的必然自 2 0世纪中叶以来 ,世界上一些国家(日、苏、美、英 )和我国在教育科学领域里先后兴起了学科教育学的发展浪潮。地理教育学和其它学科教育学同时应运而生。所有这些学科教育学几乎无一例外地经历了学科教授法———学科教学法———学科教材教法———学科教育学这样一个发展过程。这种带有国际性的学科教育学的诞生和发展 ,绝不是一种偶然的现象 ,有其客观依据 :2 0世纪中叶以来 ,国际上教育科学发展很快 ,教育科学的分析和综合程度也有显著提高 ,那种只是从宏观上研究一般教育规律的成果 ,已不能适…     

历史视域中的科学技术革命与马克思主义的关系

本文从推动近代历史进程的两大事件———17世纪牛顿科学革命与18世纪末英国工业革命———出发,阐明马克思主义的自然观与历史观产生和形成的理论依据,以及以近代科学技术发展为依据的马克思主义的基本观点与基本原理,从而论证了马克思主义必将随着科学和技术的发展不断地完善、丰富与发展。     

"人的历史性"与科学可能性问题的解释原则

人的历史性是科学可能性问题的解释原则。在这一共同主张背后,隐藏着哲学解释学的“人的历史性———前理解———科学”与马克思的“人的社会性的生存实践(人的历史性)———前理解———科学”的区别。基于人的社会性的生存实践的“前理解”,是科学的历史性原则的核心。它在内容上可分为三种:理论前见、实践背景和社会条件,它们分别对应着“前理解”的三种科学筹划,即理论的自然———数学筹划,实践的实验———操作筹划,社会的科学政策筹划。这三种科学筹划相互区别,互相关联,使科学实践成为可能。     

科学课应给学生一个大舞台

科学课程改革提出了一个响的口号———实现学生学习方式转变,即:将过去单一的接受式习方式转变为自主学习、合作学、探究学习等多元化学习方式。探究为核心的多元化学习方式,学生个体的发展提供了更多的能。作为科学课程改革的执行———科学教师,就要设法将这种展的可能变为现实,为学生提供个发展的大舞台。一、五彩缤纷的提问舞台一堂科学互动课,一个充满魅力的科学探究活动,都始于问题。我们应该从科学探究的第一步———提出问题起,就给学生时间、空间,让他们敢提问、想提问,并逐步做到提出有价值的问题。为此,教师可根据小学生的特点,…     

科技文阅读指导与训练

阅读下文,回答问题科学的发展———中国古代到现代李政道①（一）当代的科学大问题,在宇宙学里有两个１一个是类星体②２一个是暗物质３在粒子物质学里有两个４一个是对称破缺５一个是不可见夸克６若能了解这些问题,将对２１世纪的科学发展产生重大作用。（二）我先来解?..     

构建边疆地区社会主义和谐社会新探——以"构建——整合"为中心的考察

构建边疆地区社会主义和谐社会是建设社会主义和谐社会的重要组成部分。构建边疆社会主义和谐社会的背后,贯穿着的是边疆社会整合的时代主题,即“构建———整合”的边疆致力于发展模式。这一模式有其历史和现实依据,包括经济、政治、社会、自然环境的整合。“构建———整合”模式是中国共产党和人民政府边疆治理政策的重大创新,必将对边疆地区社会的进步和各族人民的共同富裕产生深远的影响。     

“单独两孩”政策对我国学前教育发展的影响——兼论未来学前教育发展的政策取向

"单独两孩"政策是我国根据当前社会发展形势,做出的有关人口政策变动的重大调整,这一改革势必会对学前教育规模与资源配置产生影响。由于政策的复杂性,我国学前教育发展在学龄前儿童数量、学前教育方式以及学前教育发展规划上面临不同的挑战。因此,在学前教育的政策上,政府及教育相关部门要未雨绸缪、科学规划,积极应对因"单独两孩"政策对学前教育发展产生的影响。     

走近新课程

面对新课程、新挑战应如何应对？我认为，教师应在了解其新特点、新视角的基础上，树立新的教育理念，构建新的课堂教学体系。一、新视角、新特点１．培养目标新（１）培养学生具有很强的信息获取和处理能力。包括发现问题———提出问题———解决问题的能力、作出问题的设想———收集资料———分析资料———取得结论———表达思想和交流成果的能力。（２）培养学生的科学探究能力，发展学生的独立探究和合作学习精神，学会通过相互间的互相影响来提高探究能力。（３）培养学生的科学素养、包括具有科学概念、科学态度、科学方法、科学…     

植物生理学影响农业的变革

植物生理学是研究植物生命活动规律的一门科学。它自产生之日起,就显示出对农业生产的影响作用,随着植物生理学的发展,对农业生产的影响越来越深刻。一、回顾历史,植物生理学推动了农业发展植物生理学是在农业生产实践基础上产生的。十九世纪末,在植物生理学二大先驱者———萨克斯（Ｓａｃｈｓ）和费弗尔（Ｐｆｅｆｆｅｒ）的努力下,使得植物生理学成为一门独立的科学体系。在一代又一代植物生理学家的艰苦努力,辛勤工作下,通过对植物生命活动进一步探索,更深刻地揭示了植物生命活动规律及其与环境的关系取得了长足发展,同时不断…     

Politically correct hiring Will Destroy higher education

Aaron Wildavsky, a founder and president of the California Association of Scholars, died on September 4, at the much too early age of 63. Professor Wildavsky's life exemplified a total commitment to the university, and his achievements were prodigious. He authored or edited, alone or with colleagues, some three dozen books, and he wrote hundreds of articles. In the thirty years he spent at Berkeley, he was at various times chairman of the Department of Political Science and founding Dean of the Graduate School of Public Policy. He also found time to serve as president of the American Political Science Association and the Policy Studies Association, and to be active in myriad other organizations. When Yale, where he had earned his doctorate in 1959, earlier this year made him an honorary Doctor of Social Science, it stated, “You have improved every institution with which you have been associated.” Aaron Wildavsky was profoundly concerned about the future of the university, the institution that he loved so much and served so well. At the Fourth National Conference of the NAS, held in San Francisco this past April, he expressed his fears about the effect of politically correct faculty hiring practices on the long-range future of education. Academic Questions here reproduces his remarks in the hope—one that, in fact, he shared—that for once his predictions will be proved wrong. Aaron Wildavsky was Class of 1940 Professor of Political Science and Public Policy, University of California at Berkeley.     

International Student Achievement Comparisons and US STEM Workforce Development

Journal of Science Education and Technology - Comparisons of US student achievement to other countries, conducted since the 1960s, have received extensive media coverage in the USA. Policy studies...     

“一带一路”沿线国家的人才竞争力:排名、特征与启示

人才竞争力是“一带一路”沿线国家综合实力的体现,也是支撑“一带一路”建设的关键因素。“一带一路”沿线国家人才竞争力平均水平低于全球平均水平;“一带一路”各区域间人才竞争力发展不平衡,亚洲、大洋洲和中东欧地区较强,而南亚、非洲和拉美地区则较弱。我国在“一带一路”沿线国家人才竞争力排名表现中处于中上水平。我国在推进“一带一路”人才开发与合作时,需要关注人才竞争力的区域(国家)差异特征,把握各自的优势与不足,规避不必要的风险,保障合作实效;同时,应当强化高等教育合作,促进全球人才流动,拓展第三方市场资源,助推“一带一路”沿线国家人才竞争力提升,支撑“一带一路”建设。     

A review of Patti Lather??s ??Engaging science policy from the side of the messy??

In Engaging Science Policy from the Side of the Messy, Patti Lather explores the relationship between science and policy. In this review Rosser explores how Lather argues for the use of all forms of research to make policy that is democratic, complex and messy.     

Letters

Books Reviewed in this Article: Facts and Figures: A practical approach to Statistics By David Baker. Stanley Thornes. 1989. Statistical Reasoning in Law and Public Policy: Volume 1, Statistical Concepts and Issues of Fairness By Joseph L. Gastwirth. Data Handling Skills in G.C.S.E. Science By Ian Pritchard.     

REVIEWS

Man in Contemporary Society: A Source Book.
The Free Spirit. A Study of Liberal Humanism in the Novels of George Eliot, Henry James, E. M. Forster, Virginia Woolf, Angus Wilson.
Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning and Policy.
The Public Schools and The Future. J. c. DANCY.
THE CART BEFORE THE HORSE     

HIGHER EDUCATION ‐ HOW WILL IT DEVELOP?

Professor Jan Kluczynski is Director of the Institute of Science Policy and Higher Education in Warsaw. He also served as Secretary of the Committee of Experts which prepared the “Report on State of Education in Poland” (1973). We give below an article specially written for “Higher Education in Europe”, dealing with the development and future form of higher education.     

Politically correct hiring Will Destroy higher education

Aaron Wildavsky, a founder and president of the California Association of Scholars, died on September 4, at the much too early age of 63. Professor Wildavsky's life exemplified a total commitment to the university, and his achievements were prodigious. He authored or edited, alone or with colleagues, some three dozen books, and he wrote hundreds of articles. In the thirty years he spent at Berkeley, he was at various times chairman of the Department of Political Science and founding Dean of the Graduate School of Public Policy. He also found time to serve as president of the American Political Science Association and the Policy Studies Association, and to be active in myriad other organizations. When Yale, where he had earned his doctorate in 1959, earlier this year made him an honorary Doctor of Social Science, it stated, “You have improved every institution with which you have been associated.” Aaron Wildavsky was profoundly concerned about the future of the university, the institution that he loved so much and served so well. At the Fourth National Conference of the NAS, held in San Francisco this past April, he expressed his fears about the effect of politically correct faculty hiring practices on the long-range future of education. Academic Questions here reproduces his remarks in the hope—one that, in fact, he shared—that for once his predictions will be proved wrong.     

什么决定了院校研究机构的成长——来自三个机构案例的比较

根据不同的属性和使命,院校研究机构可分为行政型、学术型、综合型三类,它们在服务对象、人员构成、研究重点、学科建设、绩效评价等方面各有不同。影响院校研究机构成长的主要因素包括组织权威、网络支撑、智力汇聚和保障性资源。综合型院校研究机构充分结合学科基础、具有固定队伍支撑、依托强大的权威资源,能够较好地实现理论与实践的结合、学术研究与政策研究的结合,是院校研究机构的重要发展方向。     

数字环境下传播学培养模式的比较研究——以MIT和USTC为例

以美国麻省理工学院（MIT）的＂比较媒体研究＂专业与中国科学技术大学（USTC）的科技传播与科技政策系为例,对数字环境下传播学的培养模式进行了比较研究,包括培养目标、教学理念、课程设置和培养方式上的异同,以期对新环境下的传播学培养模式有所借鉴。