“南方小鸡”反战惨遭封杀

曾荣获美国格莱梅最佳乡村歌曲团体奖、前不久以白金专辑《Home》摘下三项格莱美奖,单曲也荣登排行榜冠军的“南方小鸡合唱团”,其主唱娜塔莉近日在伦敦演唱时表示:“我们为美国总统来自德州感到羞愧。”此话一出,同样来自德州的“南方小鸡”就遭到美国民众的强烈抗议,许多乡村电台抵制播放她     

她自己眼中的南方——论尤多拉·韦尔蒂小说中的南方家庭观

美国小说家尤多拉·韦尔蒂生长在南方,作品多以美国南部的乡村生活为背景,描写居住在密西西比河边小镇的人们的生活,被认为是美国南方文学的发言人之一。与其它南方作家不同,没有背负历史的仇恨,也不为荣光的失去而哀挽,韦尔蒂以一个平静中立的眼光看待南方的现在与未来。家庭是韦尔蒂小说的重要主题,通过婚丧嫁娶等家庭生活的细节描绘人与人之间的关系。以简单的家庭为复杂社会的缩影,韦尔蒂表示对南方的关注,在时代变迁下家庭所受到的挑战与调整。     

罪与罚:论《中午酒》中的宗教思想

《中午酒》是美国著名小说家凯瑟琳·安妮·波特的中篇小说,讲述了一个发生在美国南方乡村里的悲剧故事。结合作家自身的天主教背景和美国南方乡村的浓厚宗教氛围来分析这篇小说中体现的宗教思想,可以发现《中午酒》讲述了两起罪行(杀人)以及四个罪人(汤普生先生和太太、希尔顿、哈奇),无法救赎的罪恶和无法逃避的惩罚,正是小说悲剧性的体现,而"贪婪"则是一切罪恶的根源。     

"南方小鸡"反战惨遭封杀

曾荣获美国格莱梅最佳乡村歌曲团体奖、前不久以白金专辑摘下三项格莱美奖,单曲也荣登排行榜冠军的"南方小鸡合唱团",其主唱娜塔莉近日在伦敦演唱时表示:"我们为美国总统来自德州感到羞愧."     

从黑奴制到收成制——美国南方重建时期经济体制和社会阶级结构的变化

美国南方重建时期,农业生产形式从黑奴制走向收成制。收成制的确立,引发商业领域的作物借贷制和乡村商店的兴盛,收成制、作物借贷制和乡村商店共同构成重建时期美国南方新经济体制的基础。随着奴隶制的废除和收成制的确立,奴隶主和奴隶的关系转变为种植园主和佃农的关系。社会阶级结构的其他变化还表现在:第一,种植园主阶级继续占据统治地位,但其权力日益受到商人和企业主的挑战,作为挑战和应战的结果,三者出现相互渗透;第二,自耕农阶级瓦解,部分继续拥有一份薄地,大部分沦为无地的佃农、白人佃农、穷白人和黑人佃农的界限日趋模糊。     

浅议美国文学的"南方情结"

美国南方作家力图用自己的笔重新描绘战前、内战时期以至当代南方的社会、历史、思想发展的脉络。美国南方文学可追溯到 19世纪的美国著名作家埃德加·爱伦·坡。南北战争前后 ,南方执迷于对现代历史的自行解释 ,这压制了南方文学思想的发展。南方在美国内战中的失败 ,重建南方时呈现出的社会黑暗 ,以及受资本主义影响的唯利是图的新南方的崛起 ,构成了美国南方的社会现实。描写南方社会历史、风土人情、社会变迁等的美国南方文学逐渐发展成为美国文学的一枝绮丽的奇葩     

《国王的人马》中的创伤书写

《国王的人马》是美国南方作家罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦的经典作品,小说展现了主人公杰克·伯登的创伤记忆与创伤修复,以及他成功走进历史、面对现实和未来的故事,体现了沃伦对美国南方深切的时间和历史关怀。沃伦《国王的人马》中的创伤主题描写,既是南方作家对美国南方过去的反思,又是对传统美国南方话语的解构,也是对美国南方当下和未来的展望。     

古井1986

1986年的冬天,我降生了。1986年的冬天,古井一如往昔地冒着暖水。暖水散发的气体把古井掩映在1986年的冬天里,虚无飘渺。我却实实在在存在了,掩映在古井的白纱里——而且这白纱在我今后的岁月中一直挥之不去——我降生了,在这个南方乡村的院落中。在南方乡村的院落中的古井是不能惹人注意的。它比不上北方四合院中的古井的神秘与高贵。南方乡村的院落中的古井只能是井。虽然含有逝在水里的岁月,渗透在井壁的沧桑,但少有人能注意。南方乡村的院落中的古井只能一直作为一口井——普普通通存在着,直到1986年的冬天。我未免太故弄玄虚了。事实上…     

解读《欲望号街车》中布兰奇的毁灭

田纳西·威廉姆斯在美国文学史上以反映美国南方风情的一系列巨作而著名。《欲望号街车》中的布兰奇便是一位在美国没落的南方种植园文化下长大的“南方淑女”。她的人生观和价值观在南方旧传统中形成．在面临北方工业资产阶级文化的冲击时,她无所适从,最终走向毁灭。     

《国王的人马》对美国南方神话的颠覆解析

罗伯特．佩．沃伦作为美国南方“重农学派”的成员,虽然拥护南方的农业社会,反对北方的科学技术和工业文明对南方的侵蚀,而他却通过小说《国王的人马》中的人物颠覆了美国南方神话中的文化传统。     

PARTICIPATION IN ORGANIZED EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AMONG ADULTS AGE 60 AND OVER

A national data base was employed for the first time to examine in detail the educational participation behavior of adults 60 years and older. Participation rates, subjects studied, reasons for participation, and locations utilized for learning were found to vary significantly in relation to relative age, educational attainment, sex, race, income, and other participant characteristics. The “old old” and the socioeconomically disadvantaged were much less likely than other older adults to continue their education. What they studied, why, and where contrasted markedly not only with the patterns for adults in general but also with the patterns for other older adults. It is concluded that conventional programming approaches are inadequate for reaching older adults generally, and are particularly inadequate for reaching the old‐old and the socioeconomically disadvantaged.     

Children's Depictions of Different Views of the Human Figure

Children's ability to modify their canonical representations of the human figure was assessed by presenting them with a model in three different orientations. The subjects were 4‐year‐old tadpole‐drawers and conventional‐drawers aged 4, 6 and 8 years. Although the 6‐and 8‐year‐olds were more able to adapt their drawings so as to depict the figure's different orientations, many of the younger children and even the tadpole‐drawers also attempted to modify their figures.     

Preschool Children's Judgments about Hypothetical and Actual Transgressions

Preschoolers' ( N = 112) judgments about hypothetical and actual moral and conventional transgressions were examined. Equal numbers of boys and girls at 2 ages (3 and 4 years old) either made judgments about 8 hypothetical moral and conventional transgressions or were interviewed on the same dimensions about 8 naturally occurring moral and conventional transgressions they witnessed in their preschools. Children judged both hypothetical and actual moral transgressions to be more serious, punishable, generalizably wrong, and independent of rules and authority than conventional transgressions. Regardless of domain, hypothetical transgressions were judged to be more wrong independent of rules than actual transgressions, and hypothetical (but not actual) moral transgressions were judged to be more independent of rules than conventional transgressions. 3-year-old girls judged the wrongness of actual moral transgressions to be more independent of authority than did 3-year-old boys. Similar findings were obtained when hypothetical and actual transgressions were matched, and domain differences were still obtained when individual items were examined. Findings are discussed in terms of previous research on preschoolers' conceptions of rules and transgressions.     

拟黑多刺蚁对小鼠SOD、MAO含量和脂褐素的影响

本文观察了拟黑多刺蚁匀浆液对小鼠血中SOD活性、MAO含量及脾脏脂褐素的影响。给药组老龄小鼠与老年对照组比较RBC-SOD增高(P<0.01),脾脏脂褐素分布相对减少,而血浆MAO水平显著降低(P<0.01);与成年对照比较二酶均未见显著差异。     

“自我解释”的类型、影响因素及产生机制

自我解释是一种由自我产生并指向自我的知识建构活动。领域性知识、加工方式、引导角色及激励都会影响自我解释的发生。其产生机制主要有三种模型：空缺填补理论认为自我解释是学生发现自己的知识漏洞并对这些漏洞进行弥补的过程；产生推论及修复心理模型的双加工机制认为自我解释是对不完整文本进行推论和对不完整的心理模型进行修复的过程；拓展情境模式通过比较前两种模式，认为自我解释是修复个人已有的、存在缺陷的领域，在不替代原有心理模型的基础上加速该模型的改变。     

拟黑多刺蚁对小鼠SOD、MAO含量和脂褐素的影响

本文观察了拟黑多刺蚁匀浆液对小鼠血中SOD活性、MAO含量及脾脏脂褐素的影响。给药组老龄小鼠与老年对照组比较RBC-SOD增高(P<0.01),脾脏脂褐素分布相对减少,两血浆MAO水平显著降低(P<0.01);与成年对照比较二酶均未见显著差异。     

GERONTOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF RELIGION

Stereotypes about aging and the old, both negative and positive, have significant influence upon older people themselves. Often unknowingly, older people incorporate these stereotypes into their own thinking and self-perceptions. A literature search revealed four primary hypotheses about the manner in which these self-stereotypes impact older people: stereotype threat, comparison, externalization, and internalization. Anecdotal examples of the four hypotheses are drawn from an unrelated research study that the authors are currently undertaking. Among these hypotheses, four basic characteristics of self-stereotypes are identified: (a) stereotypes can be negative or positive; (b) stereotypes have significant power, particularly if they are self-relevant; (c) stereotypes can be operative without awareness and influence physical and cognitive outcomes; and (d) negative stereotypes can be countered by positive priming. Due to their ability to significantly influence the cognitive and functional well-being of older people, further research is essential to better understand how these self-stereotypes function.     

札剌亦儿部显贵婚姻状况及其与黄金家族婚姻关系的演变

蒙古札剌亦儿部作为黄金家族的＂斡脱古.孛斡勒＂（t γüboγol）,即老奴隶,有元一代,它遵循着传统的婚姻礼则,坚持与黄金家族＂世不婚姻＂。随着时间的推移,尤其到了明代,札剌亦儿人却多有联姻皇室的记录。同时札剌亦儿人的婚姻同样无法超越门第社会婚姻的藩篱,婚姻仍然成为许多札剌亦儿人改变其政治地位的手段和体现其社会地位的重要指标。     

老年教育：解决家庭变迁中老年人问题的有效途径

随着社会的变迁和我国人口老龄化的加剧，家庭的结构和规模、家庭养老文化以及老年人在家庭中的地位等发生了巨大的变化，带来了家庭中老年人的赡养负担加重、家庭中代际矛盾深化等一系列的影响家庭发展的问题，老年教育作为一种有效的解决家庭变迁中老年人问题的途径，将在降低家庭供养压力、帮助老年人自立和调和家庭代际矛盾等方面产生巨大的作用。     

新中有旧,旧中有新:关联翻译理论与“信达雅”说

首先介绍了 E.A.Gutt提出的关联翻译理论 ,然后简要阐述了严复提出的“信达雅”说及其发展 ,最后分析了两者的相通和相异之点 ,以及翻译理论界新旧交融的趋势。