读者主体和文本主体的深度同化和调节

造成文本阅读无效和低效的原因有两个:第一,是陈腐的机械唯物论和狭隘社会功利论;第二,是后现代教育理论中离开文本主体的绝对的读者主体论。后者把读者主体推向极端,放纵自发性的所谓多元解读。其实,读者主体的心理图式的局限,使得对文本的同化不是绝对自由的,而是受到文本主体制约的。文本,尤其是经典文本,并不如西方后现代哲学所说那样是无深度的、无本质的,而是有其稳定的立体层次结构的。要洞察文本,与文本作深度对话,必须不断地对自发主体心理图式进行专业积累,作以更新为特点的建构。建构的过程就是读者主体比照、遵循文本层次结构,旁涉作者的深层心理结构,总结阅读的历史经验,攀登上文本阅读的历史高度的过程。孔夫子早就指出的思而不学危险,如今正在中国语文课堂上泛滥。     

高校学生住宿管理问题及伦理分析

高校中的宿舍因为制度规范化和私人自由化双重性质的存在,使住宿的学生不可避免会产生各种伦理冲突。作为公共管理范畴内的高校住宿管理,可以通过在管理制度的合理健全与管理行为的服务性伦理价值取向两个层面上加强建设,有效地解决各种伦理冲突。     

Temperament and Interparental Conflict: The Role of Negative Emotionality in Predicting Child Behavioral Problems

This study examined temperamental irritability and fearful distress as moderators of the association between interparental conflict and child behavior problems in a disadvantaged sample of two hundred and one 2‐year‐old children and their mothers. Using a multimethod, prospective design, findings revealed that the relation between interparental conflict and changes in child behavior problems over a 1‐year period were moderated by temperamental irritability. Consistent with differential susceptibility theory, children high in irritable temperament not only exhibited poorer outcomes in contexts of high interparental conflict but also better adjustment in contexts of low levels of interparental conflict. Mediated moderation analyses revealed that fearful reactivity partly accounted for the greater susceptibility of irritable children, particularly in explaining why they fared better when interparental conflict was low.     

Maternal Unresponsiveness and Child Disruptive Problems: The Interplay of Uninhibited Temperament and Dopamine Transporter Genes

This study examined how and why dopamine transporter (DAT1) susceptibility alleles moderate the relation between maternal unresponsiveness and young children's behavior problems in a disadvantaged, predominantly minority sample of 201 two‐year‐old children and their mothers. Using a multimethod, multisource design, the findings indicated that a genetic composite of DAT1 susceptibility alleles (rs27072, rs40184) potentiated associations between maternal unresponsive caregiving and increases in children's behavior problems 2 years later. Moderator‐mediated‐moderation analyses further revealed that the DAT1 diathesis was more proximally mediated by the potentiating effects of children's uninhibited temperament in the pathway between maternal unresponsiveness and disruptive behavior problems. Results are interpreted in the context of supporting and advancing the biosocial developmental model (Beauchaine & Gatzke‐Kopp, 2012).     

Piagetian constructivism and the concept of mediated learning experience

The different tools of learning potential assessment rest on a mediation stage of some learning experience between a pre-test and a post-test. Althouth mediation might correspond to a broad range of educative behaviors, in these tools, as can be seen in this issue, it most often takes the form of quite direct instructions of cognitive strategies or of more general solving principles: As if the subject’s own activity would be totally substituted by the mediation during a mediated learning experience. From a constructivist conception of the development this view of the nature of mediation is indeed too narrow and too restrictive and raises some basic questions: What might be the meaning of a cognitive potential revealed only by direct instruction? How to relate learning potential and cognitive development? How to transform potentialities in subsequent cognitive development. This paper tackles these issues from a discussion of the Feuerstein’s distinction of mediated learning experience versus learning by direct exposure to sources of stimuli. From a constructivist view of cognitive functioning and cognitive development, it tries to broaden what mediation might be in the assessment of learning potential as well as in cognitive education programs.     

儿童性虐待认定及其存在的问题

儿童性虐待已经成为世界范围内的公共卫生问题,各国对儿童性虐待的流行学调查显示一致的高流行率及某些共同的特点,儿童性虐待由于具有特殊的创伤特征以及虐待形式的多样化而存在认定困难。建立专业的儿童性虐待评估机构是减少受虐儿童反复受到伤害,降低其创伤后障碍风险的有效途径。性科学教育及普法教育是提高人们自我保护和保护他人意识的关键,学校是性教育的主要场所,同时需建立家庭、学校、社会三位一体的安全责任体系。     

Associations Between Family Structure Change and Child Behavior Problems: The Moderating Effect of Family Income

This study investigated conditions under which family structure matters most for child well‐being. Using data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (n = 3,936), a national sample of U.S. families, it was estimated how changes in family structure related to changes in children's behavior between age 3 and 12 separately by household income level to determine whether associations depended on families' resources. Early changes in family structure, particularly from a two‐biological‐parent to single‐parent family, predicted increases in behavior problems more than later changes, and movements into single and stepparent families mattered more for children of higher versus lower income parents. Results suggest that for children of higher income parents, moving into a stepfamily may improve, not undermine, behavior.     

独生子女的社会化教育问题及对策

独生子女的社会化教育问题是当今教育的焦点之一,独生子女的对社会不适应、心理不健康均由此产生。因此．加强独生子女的社会化教育是一个迫切的时代课题。     

幼儿师专课程设置现存问题及对策研究

幼儿师专作为幼儿教师教育培养体系的组成部分,在我国刚刚起步,没有像中小学师资培养那样形成较为完整独立的课程培养体系,反思幼儿师专课程设置方面存在的问题,确立有效应对策略,是促进幼儿教师教育专业化发展,提升幼儿教师教育培养质量的必然要求.     

Technoference: Parent Distraction With Technology and Associations With Child Behavior Problems

Heavy parent digital technology use has been associated with suboptimal parent–child interactions, but no studies examine associations with child behavior. This study investigates whether parental problematic technology use is associated with technology‐based interruptions in parent–child interactions, termed “technoference,” and whether technoference is associated with child behavior problems. Parent reports from 170 U.S. families (child M_age = 3.04 years) and actor–partner interdependence modeling showed that maternal and paternal problematic digital technology use predicted greater technoference in mother–child and father–child interactions; then, maternal technoference predicted both mothers’ and fathers’ reports of child externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Results suggest that technological interruptions are associated with child problem behaviors, but directionality and transactional processes should be examined in future longitudinal studies.     

论日本文化的兼容与传承

文化是民族性格的反映。并不厚重的文化底蕴使日本民族早已养成了向外学习的习惯,成为一个勇于和善于吸收外来文化的民族。同时,日本民族对自身的历史文化传统又保持始终不变的尊崇与虔敬,维护其民族文化的主体性。这种兼容与承传的双重性使日本文化具有了采集东西文化成果、消化变形为日本民族独具特色的“和洋结合”文化的特质。     

Contributions of Piagetian and post-Piagetian theories to education

The aim of this article was to reflect on the contributions of Piagetian and neo-Piagetian theories to education. Topics analyzed included the evolution of Piaget’s and co-workers’ theory, the reaction by the scientific community to the main theoretical and methodological aspects of each period of his work, the educational potentialities of methodological and theoretical aspects of his theory, the criticisms about the potentialities of Piagetian theory for grounding educational practice. Then the emergence of the neo-Piagetian theories was described, as well as their major aims and their educational potentialities. Finally some considerations concerning the strengths and weaknesses of Piagetian and neo-Piagetian theories were presented.     

The Dishwasher's Child: education and the end of egalitarianism

This paper argues that egalitarianism, in itself and as a basis for educational policy, is unacceptable. Three recent defences of it are examined and rejected. Three anti-egalitarian positions, however, all of which stress sufficiency rather than equality, pass muster. Educational implications are followed through, with reference to mixed ability grouping, selection, equal opportunities in education and conflicting views about the minimum content of a common school curriculum.