壳聚糖涂膜对富川脐橙的保鲜机理与效果研究

研究了壳聚糖涂膜对富川脐橙的保鲜效果和保鲜机理.结果表明:3%壳聚糖浓度涂膜可明显延缓富川脐橙酸含量、总糖含量、Vc含量的降低,延长贮藏寿命.由于壳聚糖分子中基团的作用,有效抑制致病菌入侵;膜的特性及其对果实酶的诱导作用,抑制了脐橙呼吸强度,提高SOD活性,从而达到保鲜目的.     

果蔬保鲜中壳聚糖的应用研究

壳聚糖是一种原材料丰富的天然高分子材料,被广泛应用于防腐、保鲜、水处理等领域.从果蔬保鲜技术的两个主要方面,介绍了壳聚糖成膜特性、保鲜机理及在果蔬保鲜中的应用效果,提供了果蔬保鲜的一种新的途径.     

"Carnauba Citrus"果蜡与"仙亮"果蜡对芦柑保鲜效应的比较

研究了室温条件下澳大利亚果蜡"Carnauba Citrus"与美国"仙亮"果蜡对芦柑保鲜效应的差异,结果表明:2种果蜡均能减少芦柑维生素C和总酸的损耗,降低果实的失重率,但对总可溶性固形物和总糖的影响都不明显;除此之外,"Carnauba Citrus"比"仙亮"更能保持果实外观品质及风味,可有效延长保鲜时间.     

分析壳聚糖衍生物膜在水果保鲜中的作用

水果保鲜是在水果采摘后至上架期间维持水果正常色泽、口感、营养,保持水果商品价值的重要手段和措施.壳聚糖衍生物由于其良好的成膜性、保湿性、抑菌性,能够有效地保持水果新鲜度,在当前果蔬保鲜领域内受到了人们更多的关注.本文介绍了壳聚糖及其衍生物,阐述了壳聚糖衍生物膜在水果保鲜中的作用机理,并对壳聚糖保鲜剂在水果保鲜中的应用进行了简单的叙述,论述了其对水果保鲜的作用和意义.     

水果保鲜技术研究进展

介绍了目前水果常用保鲜技术,包括低温保鲜、化学保鲜、气调保鲜和生物保鲜等;讨论了各保鲜技术的优缺点,并分析了水果保鲜技术的发展趋势。     

冬枣机械化减压贮藏保鲜试验探讨

根据冬枣减压贮藏保鲜试验,总结出冬枣减压贮藏保鲜应注意的主要技术环节,并对其保鲜机理、试验效果、经济效益、存在问题进行了分析.     

壳聚糖涂膜对芒果的保鲜效应

探讨了不同浓度壳聚糖涂膜剂对芒果生化指标和保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:2%浓度的壳聚糖涂膜剂对芒果呼吸作用有最好的抑制效果,总酸度和酶活性变化最小,腐烂率最低,具有最好的保鲜效果。     

鲜菊花保鲜工艺的研究

以综合感官评定为指标,通过单因素试验及正交优化实验,对包装方式、苯甲酸钠、抗坏血酸、氯化钙等因素对新鲜菊花的保鲜工艺进行了初步探索,经过研究发现,在用塑料托盘单层保鲜膜密封包装条件下,苯甲酸钠浓度为0.08%,抗坏血酸浓度为0.09%,氯化钙浓度为0.34%组成的保鲜液保藏菊花,菊花的保鲜效果最好.     

壳聚糖涂膜对富川脐橙的保鲜机理与效果研究

研究了壳聚糖涂膜对富川脐橙的保鲜效果和保鲜机理。结果表明：3％壳聚糖浓度涂膜可明显延缓富川脐橙酸含量、总糖含量、Vc含量的降低，延长贮藏寿命。由于壳聚糖分子中基团的作用，有效抑制致病菌入侵；膜的特性及其对果实酶的诱导作用，抑制了脐橙呼吸强度，提高SOD活性，从而达到保鲜目的。     

切花保鲜剂的应用研究

本文就目前几种常见的切花保鲜剂进行了初步研究.通过不同成份的切花保鲜剂对不同种类的切花及种类相同、品种不同的切花的保鲜效果和成份相同、浓度不同的切花保鲜剂对同一种切花的保鲜效果的对比试验,筛选出丁香、月季等几种常见花的较为有效的保鲜剂.     

不同做青风格安溪铁观音“音韵”的感官审评及品质化学比较

为探讨安溪铁观音＂音韵＂的感官品质及其化学特征,对3种不同做青风格的安溪铁观音样品进行感官审评,并对其主要品质成分进行常规测定与高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定。结果表明：＂正做型＂铁观音,其酯型儿茶素总量较高、游离氨基酸总量较低、酚氨比较高,其外形乌润紧结、香气幽长沉香、汤色金黄明亮、滋味醇厚高爽、叶底金黄肥软,＂音韵＂醇而幽长;＂消青型＂铁观音,其游离氨基酸总量较中等、酯型儿茶素总量中等、酚氨比中等,其外形翠绿圆结、香气浓郁鲜香、汤色黄绿明亮、滋味鲜爽甘甜、叶底绿黄软亮,＂音韵＂厚而鲜爽;＂拖酸型＂铁观音,其游离氨基酸总量较高、酯型儿茶素总量较低、酚氨比较低,其外形乌绿润圆结、香气高锐鲜酸、汤色杏黄明亮、滋味鲜酸甘爽、青绿微暗,＂音韵＂锐而鲜爽。因此,这3种不同做青风格的铁观音,其外形和内质都有较为典型的品质特征,可以适应茶叶市场上不同消费人群的需求。     

中央空调系统新风量取值应为几何

空气调节教科书与中央空调设计手册,对系统新风量取值有二种表述。这两种表述在特殊情况下存在着矛盾。系统最小新风量应是局部排风量加上保持室内正压所需风量之和与卫生要求所需风量比较取二者最大值。若新风量不足系统总风量百分之十时,则应加大到百分之十。     

Physicochemical characteristics of various milk samples available in Pakistan

We report physicochemical characteristics of various kinds of liquid milk commercially available in Pakistan in comparison with those of fresh natural milk from animals. Milk samples were collected from local markets at Peshawar, Pakistan,and analyzed for their physical features, including moisture, total solids, specific gravity, conductivity, viscosity and titratable acidity (lactic acid equivalent), and chemical components and macro-minerals, including total protein, casein, lactose, ash and minerals (Na, K and Mg). These items were compared with the physicochemical characteristics of the fresh natural milk samples from buffalo, cow and goat. The results were also compared with reported nutritional quality of milk from various countries and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. We found that all the physical features and chemical components of commercially available milk in Pakistan markets meet WHO's requirements, except for Na, K, Ca and Mg, which are below the standards.     

不同采收期对梅县金柚鲜果和贮藏果实品质的影响

本文研究了不同采收期对梅县金柚鲜果贮藏、果实品质方面及其动态变化过程的差异。结果表明,无论鲜食或贮藏,过早采收的柚果品质差,而适当延迟采收的果实才能表现出沙田柚品种固有的优良品质,梅州地区梅县金柚的最佳采收期应是11月上旬即立冬前后,采收指标以可溶性固形物含量达到13.0％为宜,本文还初步探讨了贮藏过程中种子含水量变化与果肉汁胞枯水的关系。     

冷上清在治疗TTP患者中的作用

分别对无偿自愿献血者的新鲜血浆及冷上清进行留样,并检测其中凝血因子FVIII、FIX、FV、FVII、Fbg及总蛋白含量.检测结果进行统计学分析（t检验）.冷上清中FVIII含量为（0.35±0.13）IU/mL;FIX含量为（0.61±0.15）IU/mL;FV含量为（0.93±0.18）IU/mL;FVII含量为（1.06±0.35）IU/mL;Fbg含量为（142.41±37.77）mg/dL;TP含量为（62.90±5.01）g/L.新鲜冰冻血浆中FVIII、FV、Fbg含量与冷上清中FVIII、FV、Fbg含量相比较,均为P〈0.01,有极显著差异.新鲜冰冻血浆中FIX、FVII、TP含量与冷上清中FIX、FVII、TP含量相比较,均为P〉0.05,无显著差异.结果表明,冷上清中含不稳定因子FV、FVIII,但其含量与新鲜冰冻血浆相比较低.用冷上清对TTP患者行血浆置换后,可使患者凝血系统恢复正常,病情明显好转.     

Evaluation of organ distribution of microcystins in the freshwater phytoplanktivorous fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hypophthalmichthys molitrix</Emphasis>

To evaluate the public health risk of exposure to microcystins in fish food in China, the distribution pattem of microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR in various organs （liver, intestine, kidney, muscle and lipid） of the dominant freshwater phytoplanktivorous fish Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in Hangzhou, China＇s Tiesha River was investigated with the method of HPLC-ESI-MS analysis. The distribution of microcystins was different in the fish organs and the major total microcystins （microcystin-LR and microcystin-RR） were present in the intestines （6.49 μg/g fresh weight）, followed by the livers （4.52 μg/g fresh weight） and the muscles （2.86 μg/g fresh weight）. Microcystins were detected in kidneys （1.35 μg/g fresh weight）, but not detected in lipid. The results suggested that the mean daily intake from fish was 0.03 μg/kg body weight which was very close to the recommended WHO tolerable daily intake （TDI） level of 0.04μg/kg body weight per day, and local people were wamed they may have health risk if they consumed fish from the river.     

英语新闻报道的特点

英语新闻报道是为听众或观众提供新鲜的信息,是对最近发生的事情的报道。它们还具有以下的特点:词汇密度大,实词和词汇总数的比例在60%左右;词汇量大,在1万左右;语速较快,在每分钟160左右。此外,还在词汇、句法、语音语调等方面具有鲜明的特点。     

Effects of dietary fresh fermented soybean meal on growth performance,ammonia and particulate matter emissions,and nitrogen excretion in nursery piglets

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fresh fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the growth performance of nursery piglets, nitrogen excretion in feces, and the concentrations of ammonia (NH₃) and particulate matter (PM) in the piggery. A total of 472 nursery piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire, (16.3±0.36) kg body weight) were randomly allocated into two treatments with 236 pigs in each treatment. The pigs were fed the basal diet without fresh FSM (control) or diet containing 10% (100 g/kg) fresh FSM (FSM group), and the crude protein content of the two groups was consistent. The feeding trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that the pigs fed fresh FSM had increased (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) compared with the control. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in feed to gain ratio (F:G) between the two groups. During the whole experiment, the concentration of NH₃ in the piggery decreased (P<0.05) by 19.0%, and the concentrations of PM (PM₁₀ and PM_2.5) in the piggery decreased (P<0.05) by 19.9% and 11.6%, respectively, in the FSM group, compared with the control. The ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content in feces increased (P<0.05) by 32.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in the FSM group. The fecal pH declined (P<0.05) significantly in the FSM group compared with the control. At the end of experiment, total protein (TP) concentration was increased (P<0.05) significantly and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was decreased (P<0.05) for pigs fed the diet with fresh FSM. The results indicated that dietary fresh FSM not only improved the growth performance of nursery piglets, but also reduced the NH₃ concentration in the piggery due to nitrogen conversion, and decreased the concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 in the piggery.     

四种药用蕨类DNA提取的比较研究

以四种药用蕨类的叶片为材料,采用改进的CTAB法、SDS法分别对四种蕨类进行了总DNA提取效果的比较分析,结果表明,通过实验获得最佳的DNA提取方法,为PCR扩增,引物设计,为筛选四种药用蕨类中的活性成份的相关基因奠定理论和实践基础。两种方法均能有效的提取较高质量的DNA,其中CTAB法效果最好,获得的DNA纯度较高、产量较大;SDS法提取的量次之且多糖等杂质含量更多。     

新教员业务素质的培养与提高

新教员业务素质的培养与提高是大学管理中值得长期关注的问题。本文结合军队院校新教员培养的现状,从组织、制度以及老教授和新教员这几个角度讨论了新教员素质培训的方法。