Influences on the career accomplishments of Ph.D.'s

Six samples of Ph.D. recipients 3, 5, and 13 years after receiving the doctorate are examined for academic and personal characteristics associated with the career accomplishments of professional productivity and income. Both academic and nonacademic careers are included; the samples are professionals in chemistry, history, psychology, and the physical, biological, and social sciences. In general, the results suggest that academic ability and quality of the Ph.D. program influence job settings and responsibilities, which in turn directly influence both productivity and income. Number of years since the degree also is consistently related to both outcome measures.     

学术型博士生学术激情及其影响因素研究 ——基于我国研究生院高校的实证分析

借鉴心理学中的激情二元模型,利用38所研究生院高校1729名学术型博士生的调查数据,考察了我国学术型博士生学术激情的总体状况及其影响因素。结果发现,博士生普遍存在学术激情不高的现象;博士生的和谐学术激情和强迫学术激情之间存在中度正相关关系,其和谐学术激情显著高于强迫学术激情;院校类型以及学科专业对博士生的学术激情有一定的影响;性别因素、婚育状态、年级、读博方式对博士生的和谐学术激情和强迫学术激情均无显著影响;导师指导对博士生的和谐学术激情和强迫学术激情均有显著影响。最后针对高校学术型博士生的招生和培养提出了相应的政策建议。     

Unemployment among graduating Ph.D.'s: Do economic conditions matter?

This paper explores the effects of feminization of the new doctorate ranks on the unemployment rate of new Ph.D.'s. Data on percentage female and percentage unemployed by field are used to test several hypotheses. The first, that feminization has not had a negative effect on the male/female unemployment rate differential, is rejected. The second, that the female Ph.D. unemployment rate is not related to the overall U.S. rate, the third, that unemployment among female Ph.D.'s is not related to the U.S. women's rate, and the fourth, that the differential in male/female unemployment is unrelated to the U.S. rate, are all accepted. Our results suggest the need for additional research. They also imply that, despite increased opportunities, new female Ph.D.'s face higher unemployment rates than their male counterparts.     

The Ph.D. versus the Ed.D.: Time for a decision

In this study, U.S. institutions that offer doctoral programs in education were surveyed and institutional catalogues of the past decade were reviewed to determine trends regarding the Ph.D. versus the Ed.D. Results of the study showed that (a) there is no clear institutional movement toward one degree title or the other; (b) research universities are increasingly reluctant and comprehensive colleges and universities are increasingly likely to offer the Ed.D. as their only doctoral degree title, and (c) requirements for the two doctoral titles are remarkably similar, including competencies in research and statistics. Findings are discussed in relation to three common positions of those who favor the Ed.D. over the Ph.D.: (a) the professional school argument, (b) the unification argument, and (c) the autonomy argument. The article concludes with a call for increased national dialogue to strengthen the education profession by reducing confusion between its two doctoral degree titles.Russell T. Osguthorpe, Associate Dean of Brigham Young University's College of Education, has done research in special education, instructional design and technology, and teacher education. He is presently responsible for graduate programs, research, and technology in the College. Dr. Osguthorpe received his education at Brigham Young University. Mei Jiuan Wong, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Instructional Science, Brigham Young University, has done research on instructional design and technology and teacher education. She is currently completing her dissertation on decision making in instructional design.     

Practitioner-centred research and the Ph.D.

This paper is about Ph.Ds, practitioner-centred research and action learning. The aim of this paper is to help develop a framework for those completing doctorates based on action learning. The paper explores relationships between the personal learning of action learning participants and the public knowledge associated with conventional research. It concludes that the new professional doctorates based on action learning offer a way of integrating evidence-based practice with practice-based evidence.     

论博士研究生创新能力的培养——以燕山大学博士研究生为例

分析了我国博士生在科研能力、论文质量和组织协调能力等方面创新能力的现状,据此提出一系列提高博士研究生创新能力的措施,包括培养良好的学术环境、优化课程设置、加强导师队伍建设以及扩大与外界交往等方面。     

Ph.D. Education for the Nineties

The Ph.D. degree in Australia, established some three and a half decades ago, has become recognised internationally as of high professional standing. However, attitudinal deficiencies in individual graduates, first recognised in the Fensham Report, still need to be addressed. Serious consideration needs to be given to the introduction of relevant course‐work within the degree programme to broaden the intellectual base and to offset premature specialisation. A corresponding reduction in the extent, but not the quality, of the thesis should be envisaged. Advantages are seen in interspersing employment between Honours degrees and Ph.D. commencement and greater emphasis should be given to counselling of candidates embarking on a Ph.D. programme. The quality and character of Ph.D. programmes is influenced by the sole‐supervisor model, constraints on university research funding and the career expectations of candidates. The emergence of joint university‐industry companies offers new opportunities for entrepreneurial and creative Ph.D. graduates in small firms rather than, as earlier, in large corporations.

New initiatives are proposed to build on the successful base of existing programmes to alter the balance in favour of greater intellectual development and awareness of Ph.D. graduates.     

美国教育博士与教育哲学博士之争的缘起和发展

美国教育博士( Ed.D.)学位与教育哲学博士(Ph.D)学位之争由来已久.这既有复杂的历史原因,也与美国高等教育多样性、不同利益诉求、对学位教育质量关切等因素有关.从历史角度分析两种学位之争的缘起、演变及成因,并探讨其对发展我国教育博士专业学位教育的启示,具有积极的现实意义.     

博士生求学动机类型的实证研究

通过使用自编《博士生求学动机调查问卷》,运用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析对某“985工程”大学博士生的求学动机类型进行了考察.研究表明:博士生求学动机主要分为社会驱动型、工作驱动型、学术驱动型和理想驱动型这4种类型.学术驱动型和理想驱动型是当前博士生王导性求学动机类型.     

关于博士学位论文评审有关问题的探讨

通过对博士论文的双向隐名复审结果和相同论文申请博士学位论文答辩前的同行专家评审结果进行比较分析,探讨不同的评审方式对学位论文评价的影响,对如何提高博士学位论文评审质量进行了讨论.     

Foreign Languages and the Ph.D. Degree

The need for a knowledge of foreign languages by the leaders in scientific research is discussed. It is argued that if one language is started in school and a second one in college, fluency in both may be achieved before entering graduate school. This avoids the waste of valuable time by Ph.D. candidates who are far beyond the age when languages are easily learned. Engineering colleges are urged to adjust their requirements and curricula to implement this proposal.     

博士论文选题研究

本文通过对102篇博士论文选题的统计分析,提出博士论文选题应遵循前沿性、应用性、创新性、挑战性和可行性五大原则,以及以选题为指南的博士生招生改革思路。     

The "Disparities" Between Native and Foreign-Educated Ph.D.s

NCNA Dispatch January 24, 1978. With the approval of the State Council, the Ministry of Education has recently issued a notice on the trial plan for successfully running a number of key elementary and secondary schools and decided which elementary and secondary schools of key status to be run by the ministry itself.     

博士研究生教育质量状况调查报告(博士生导师卷)

从保障博士研究生教育质量的角度出发,课题组对华东地区某师范大学的在校博士生导师进行了文件调查。调查显示,随着高等教育的跨越式发展,入学选拔、培养过程和学位授予等影响博士生教育质量的环节有待进一步改进。     

原来博士是这样的

孙敏的伯伯是博士 最近我们班转来了一个新同学孙敏,到我们班没多久,大家就对他羡慕得不得了,一个重要的原因就是孙敏的伯伯是一位博士。我们学校是位于上海的“下只角”的一所普通初级中学,学生的家长大都文化程度较低,全班四十五位学生中只有一位家长