中国春黄菊族一些属的花粉形态研究

按照花粉外壁表面纹饰的不同，可将春黄菊族中下列各属分为两大类群：(1)明显具刺：亚菊 属Ajania Poljak., 女蒿属Hippolytia Poljak., 百花蒿属Stilpnolepis Krasch.。 (2)具退化状小刺：紊蒿属 Elachanthemum Ling et Y.R.Ling，线叶菊属Filifolium Kitam., 画笔菊属Ajaniopsis Shih，喀什菊属 Kaschgaria Poljak．)，栉叶蒿属Neopallasia Poljak．，绢蒿属Seriphidium Poljak．。根据花粉形态特征，我们认为将紊蒿属和百花蒿属仍分为两个相互独立的属较为适宜。     

杭子梢属10种植物的染色体数目

本文报道了杭子梢属Campylotropis Bunge国产10种1变种的染色体数目，其小孢子染色体数目为n=11，体细胞染色体数目为2n=22。 在光果小雀花C．polyantha var．leiocarpa中发现有少数个体为2n=23的非整倍体。     

On the class separability of contextual embeddings representations – or “The classifier does not matter when the (text) representation is so good!”

The literature has not fully and adequately explained why contextual (e.g., BERT-based) representations are so successful to improve the effectiveness of some Natural Language Processing tasks, especially Automatic Text Classifications (ATC). In this article, we evince that such representations, when properly tuned to a target domain, produce an extremely separable space that makes the classification task very effective, independently of the classifier employed for solving the ATC task. To demonstrate our hypothesis, we perform a thorough class separability analysis in order to visualize and measure how well BERT-based embeddings separate documents of different classes in comparison with other widely used representation approaches, e.g., TFIDF BoW, static embeddings (e.g., fastText) and zero-shot (non-tuned) contextual embeddings. We also analyze separability in the context of transfer learning and compare BERT-based representations with those obtained from other transformers (e.g., RoBERTa, XLNET). Our experiments covering sixteen datasets in topic and sentiment classification, eight classification methods and three class separability metrics show that the fine-tuned BERT embeddings are highly separable in the corresponding space (e.g., they are 67% more separable than the static embeddings). As a consequence, they allow the simplest classifiers to achieve similar effectiveness as the most complex methods. We also find moderate to high correlations between separability and effectiveness in all experimented scenarios. Overall, our main finding is that more discriminative (i.e., separable) textual representations constitute a critical part of the ATC solutions that, given the current state-of-the-art in classification algorithms, are more prominent than the algorithmic (classifier) method for solving the task.     

浅谈软锰矿粉吸收二氧化硫烟气

通过对二氧化锰吸收二氧化硫的化学反应理论分析,提出了汇元锰业公司软锰矿粉吸收来宾华锡冶炼有限公司二氧化硫烟气的方案,分析了对两个企业带来的经济效益和环境效益。     

浅谈党建思想政治工作在建筑投资企业发展中的引领和保障作用

党的十八大以后,囿于国家宏观调控和铁路基建锐减的不利影响,作为以铁路建设为主业的中国中铁四局集团,面临深化改革开放、加快转型发展的艰巨任务。应对经济发展大势,该集团以＂加强市场开拓,加快转型发展＂为中心,成功探索依托投资＂调整产业结构、增值资本回报、撬动市场开发＂的发展经验,使企业得到质的发展和飞跃。初步形成了以铁路基建为主业、延伸投资、辐射营销的多元化发展格局。     

国产苦荬菜类群的分类

 本文采用狭义概念，将苦荬菜类群(Ixeris group)处理为4个属，即苦荬菜属Ixeris Cass．沙苦荬属Chorisis DC．小苦荬属Ixeridium(A．Gray)Tzvel．及黄瓜菜属Paraixeris Nakai并提供了分属、种检索表。文中记载了3个新种及7个新组合种。     

Egocentric analysis of co-authorship network structure,position and performance

In this study, we propose and validate social networks based theoretical model for exploring scholars’ collaboration (co-authorship) network properties associated with their citation-based research performance (i.e., g-index). Using structural holes theory, we focus on how a scholar’s egocentric network properties of density, efficiency and constraint within the network associate with their scholarly performance. For our analysis, we use publication data of high impact factor journals in the field of “Information Science & Library Science” between 2000 and 2009, extracted from Scopus. The resulting database contained 4837 publications reflecting the contributions of 8069 authors. Results from our data analysis suggest that research performance of scholars’ is significantly correlated with scholars’ ego-network measures. In particular, scholars with more co-authors and those who exhibit higher levels of betweenness centrality (i.e., the extent to which a co-author is between another pair of co-authors) perform better in terms of research (i.e., higher g-index). Furthermore, scholars with efficient collaboration networks who maintain a strong co-authorship relationship with one primary co-author within a group of linked co-authors (i.e., co-authors that have joint publications) perform better than those researchers with many relationships to the same group of linked co-authors.     

国际科学计量学研究代表人物的科学知识图谱——基于《Scientometrics》期刊的作者共被引网络分析

《Scientometrics》是国际科学计量学研究领域的第一本专门期刊。对该期刊文献的作者进行共被引网络分析,网络中关键节点人物代表了国际科学计量学研究领域的核心作者,代表了国际科学计量学研究的主流方向。利用信息可视化技术对2001-2010年间发表的文献数据进行分析,在作者共被引网络中形成了以Hirsch J.为代表的H指数相关研究团体,以Meyer M.,Narin F.等为代表的专利计量研究团体,以Price D.,White H.,Small H.等为代表的共被引分析和科学计量指标研究团体等为主体的研究结构。     

国资参股民企背景下员工心理契约的变化研究——基于山东奔速电梯股份有限公司的调研分析

通过对山东奔速电梯股份有限公司的调研,分析了国资参股对民企员工心理契约的影响。研究发现:首先,由于国有资本特殊的意识形态属性,国资参股从整体上改善了民企员工的心理契约;其次,基于不同员工对国有资本意识形态属性认知的差异,国资参股对不同员工心理契约的影响不同,年龄较大的员工心理契约改善较大而受教育程度较高的员工心理契约改善程度较低。     

国际科学合作领域主流学术团体与代表人物分析

在美国ISI的Web of Science网络平台检索数据库中,以Topic= (″Scien* collaborat *″or″Scien* cooperat *″or″research collaborat*″or″research cooperat *″)为检索式进行检索,对下载的文献数据进行信息可视化分析。基于作者共被引分析方法,使用CiteSpace可视化软件绘制作者共被引网络科学知识图谱,探测科学合作领域研究中的主流学术团体和代表人物。国际科学合作研究领域的代表性人物主要有Newman M.,Katz J.,Glanzel W.,Barabasi A.,Beaver D.,Luukkonen T.,Narin F.,Watts D.,Albert R.,Price D. 等。主流学术团体主要包括:以Beaver D.,Luukkonen T. 等为代表的科学合作基础理论和应用研究;以Newman M.,Barabasi A. 等为代表的科学合作网络研究;以Bozeman B.,Etzkowitz H. 为代表的科学产出绩效研究;以Merton R. 等为代表的科学社会学问题研究等。     

棕榈藤茎的表皮特征及其分类意义

本文对国产棕榈藤3属21种茎的表皮组织进行了系统的比较观察,首次报道了棕榈藤茎表皮细 胞的排列式样,并结合表皮细胞类型和气孔、“反射体”的有无等特征,将国产棕榈藤茎的表皮组织划分 为3种类型3种亚型。(1)钩叶藤型:表皮细胞为长方形,细胞交错排列呈砖墙状。(2)黄藤型:表皮细 胞为不规则的四边形,细胞排列呈不规则网状,如龟背。(3)省藤型:A亚型,表皮细胞六边形,细胞排列 呈网状,气孔平列型或四轮列型;B亚型,表皮细胞四边形,细胞交错排列呈砖墙状,细胞长轴平行于茎轴,气孔梭状四轮列型;C亚型,表皮细胞四边形,垂周壁呈波浪状,细胞交错排列如砖墙状,细胞的长轴.平行于茎轴。本文还讨论了棕榈藤茎表皮组织的特征及其在分类上的意义。     

太湖流域主要河道浮游植物类群对比研究

2010年春季(4月13日-4月22日)和夏季(7月10日-7月19日)对太湖流域主要入湖河道进行了两次调查。对不同河道浮游植物群落结构进行了对比分析。入湖河流优势属主要有针杆藻(Synedra sp.)、隐藻(Cryptomonas sp.)、直链硅藻(Aulacoseira sp.)、脆杆藻属(Fragilaria sp.)和舟形藻(Navicula sp.)等;出湖河道主要优势属有直链硅藻(Aulacoseira sp.)、栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)、隐藻(Cryptomonas sp.)等。夏季入湖河道优势属有针杆藻(Synedra sp.)、十字藻(Crucigenia sp.)、隐藻(Cryptomonas sp.)、裸藻(Euglena sp.)和微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)等;出湖河道优势属有直链硅藻(Aulacoseira sp.)、栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)、隐藻(Cryptomonas sp.)、针杆藻(Synedra sp.)等。太湖流域河道浮游植物物种多样性春季要高于夏季,电导率、总磷、总氮、总悬浮物浓度、高锰酸钾指数和硝态氮与河道内浮游植物物种多样性显著相关。典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示影响春季浮游植物群落结构的关键因子有总悬浮物浓度、总氮和电导率,夏季则主要是高锰酸钾指数、硝态氮和总氮浓度。     

中国专利维持年费制度结构要素及其完善

明确专利维持年费制度结构要素及其作用是优化专利维持年费制度运行机制的基础。综合分析专利维持年费制度理论及其结构要素作用与国内专利权人对其观点或倾向性的问卷调查结果发现：专利维持年费制度的主要目的是通过优化专利收益激励创新;基于收益成本理论,是否缴纳年费决定的困难主要在于专利收益的难以确定性;基于促进创新,专利维持年费结构的“混合制”优于“单一制”;基于灵活性,“每年缴纳年费一次”模式优于“每隔几年缴纳一次年费”模式;基于专利收益的不确定性,“逐年增长年费数量”模式比“间隔3年或5年增加年费数量”模式更有利于权利人规避“多交年费”的风险。专利权人对上述观点的支持度存在差异。     

Globalisation of knowledge production and regional innovation policy: Supporting specialized hubs in the Bangalore software industry

This paper is concerned with the changing role of regional innovation systems and regional policies in supporting the transition of indigenous firms in developing countries from competing on low costs towards becoming knowledge providers in global value chains. Special attention is paid to policies supporting the emergence and development of the regional innovation system in this transition process. Regional innovation systems in developing countries have very recently started to be conceptualised as specialized hubs in global innovation and production networks (Asheim, B., Coenen, L., Vang-Lauridsen, J., 2007. Face-to-face, buzz and knowledge bases: socio-spatial implications for learning, innovation and innovation policy. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25 (5), 655-670; Chaminade, C., Vang, J., 2006a. Innovation policy for small and medium size SMEs in Asia: an innovation systems perspective. In: Yeung, H. (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Asian Business. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham; Maggi, C., 2007. The salmon farming and processing cluster in Southern Chile. In: Pietrobello, C., Rabellotti, R. (Eds.), Upgrading and Governance in Clusters and Value Chains in Latin America. Harvard University Press). A specialized hub refers to a node in a global value chain that mainly undertakes one or a few of the activities required for the production and development of a given good or service or serves a particular segment of the global market. In global value chains, firms in developing countries have traditionally been responsible for the lowest added-value activities. However, a few emerging regional innovation systems in developing countries are beginning to challenge this scenario by rapidly upgrading in the value chain. There is, however, still only a poorly developed understanding of how the system of innovation emerges and evolves to support this transition process and what the role of regional innovation policy is in building the regional conditions that support indigenous small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in this transition process. This paper aims at reducing this omission by analyzing the co-evolution of the strategies of indigenous SMEs and the regional innovation system of Bangalore (India).     

On the role of human and machine metadata in relevance judgment tasks

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of Information Retrieval (IR) systems it is key to collect relevance judgments from human assessors. Crowdsourcing has successfully been used as a method to scale-up the collection of manual relevance judgments, and previous research has investigated the impact of different judgment task design elements (e.g., highlighting query keywords in the document) on judgment quality and efficiency. In this work we investigate the positive and negative impacts of presenting crowd human assessors with more than just the topic and the document to be judged. We deploy different variants of crowdsourced relevance judgment tasks following a between-subjects design in which we present different types of metadata to the human assessor. Specifically, we investigate the effect of human metadata (e.g., what other human assessors think of the current document, as in which relevance level has already been selected by the majority crowd workers), machine metadata (e.g., how IR systems scored this document such as its average position in ranked lists, statistics about the document such as term frequencies). We look at the impact of metadata on judgment quality (i.e., the level of agreement with trained assessors) and cost (i.e., the time it takes for workers to complete the judgments) as well as at how metadata quality positively or negatively impact the collected judgments.     

基于能力成熟度模型的企业知识产权管理研究

知识产权是构成企业核心竞争力的关键要素之一,提高知识产权管理能力是企业发展的必然要求。目前相关研究存在知识产权管理能力建设路径可操作性不高、难以突出行动重点等问题。通过引入能力成熟度模型(CMM),提出企业知识产权管理成熟度模型(IPM-CMM),构建等级模型、评价模型和提升模型三个子模型,并运用模型对华为、联想和徐工三家公司的知识产权管理能力进行比较分析。结果表明,IPM-CMM为企业的知识产权管理能力持续改进提供了一个引导性的框架,企业可以根据需要随时判断自身知识产权管理能力,发现薄弱环节,从而明确未来持续改进的方向。     

Leveraging global markets: Lessons from Alcoa Alumina

Globalization has contributed to the dismantling of national boundaries, which have enabled firms to compete and conduct business on a wider scale [Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., & Perraton, J. (1999). Global transformations. Politics, economics and culture. Cambridge: Polity Press]. Firms can move freely between different markets using Internet-based technology. While access to such markets can provide firms with greater choice of suppliers and cost efficiencies, they need to be aware of challenges that can influence their business performance. With this in mind, we examine how these factors influenced Alcoa Alumina's drive to a global procurement platform through a global marketplace. The staged adoption process experienced at Alcoa Alumina offers a learning opportunity for other firms considering the transition to global marketplace.     

中国部分杨属植物的染色体数目

对中国杨属Populus L. 5组14种(银白杨P. alba L.、河北杨P. hopeiensis Hu & Chow、毛白杨P. tomentosa Carr.、欧洲山杨P. tremula L.、小叶杨P. simonii Carr.、辽杨P. maximowiczii Henry、大青杨 P. ussuriensis Kom. 、青杨P. cathayana Rehd.、小青杨P. pseudo-simonii Kitag.、香杨P. koreana Rehd.、毛果杨P. trichocarpa Torr. & Grog.、大叶杨P. lasiocarpa Oliv.、欧洲黑杨P. nigra L.、胡杨P. euphratica Oliv.),3变种(新疆杨P. alba L. var. pyramidalis Bge.、箭秆杨P. nigra L. var. thevestina Bean.、钻天杨P. nigra L. var. italica (moench.) Koehne),3杂交种(小钻杨P.×xiaozhuanica W. Y. Hsu & Liang、北京杨P.×beijingensis W. Y. Hsu、加杨P.×canadensis Moench、晚花杨P.×canadensis Moench cv. “serotina” 、沙兰杨P.×canadensis Moench cv. “Sacrau 79”和意大利214杨P.×canadensis Moench cv. “I-214”)进行了染色体计数。发现白杨组的毛白杨P. tomentosa Carr. 、 黑杨组的沙兰杨P. ×canadensis Moench cv. “Sacrau 79”和意大利214杨P. × canadensis Moench cv. “I-214”为三倍体(2n=3x=57),其余均为二倍体(2n=2x=38)。     

风险投资“抑制”还是“放纵”内部控制缺陷?

文章基于风险投资的"认证监督假说"和"道德风险假说",利用我国创业板上市公司2010—2014年的数据,实证检验风险投资对上市公司内部控制缺陷的作用是"抑制"还是"放纵",结果发现:(1)风险投资能"抑制"被投资企业内部控制缺陷,且随着风险投资持股比例的增加,其"抑制"作用更加显著;(2)采用分组检验的办法,发现在风险投资持股比例高的样本中,其对内部控制缺陷有显著的"抑制"作用,在风险投资持股比例低的样本中,风险投资对于内部控制具有不显著的"放纵"作用;(3)文章还发现股权集中度越高,会削弱风险投资对于内部控制缺陷的"抑制"作用;(4)不同背景风险投资对内部控制缺陷的作用不同,政府背景和企业背景风险投资对企业内部控制缺陷具有"抑制"作用,其中企业背景风险投资的"抑制"作用显著,而独资背景的风险投资对内部控制缺陷具有不显著的"放纵"作用。     

Societal trust and open innovation

While open innovation provides a new paradigm to sustain a firm’s competitive advantage, opening up to external knowledge also entails substantial risks of appropriation and opportunism. Building on this “open paradox” framework, this study investigates whether societal trust—a key aspect of informal cultural norms—serves as an effective mechanism in improving relational governance among partners, thereby leading to better collaborative outcomes. Using a novel panel data on co-owned patents across 29 countries, we show that firms in high trust countries are able to produce a higher level of joint output (i.e., co-owned patents). This effect is more pronounced when perceived opportunism is higher (i.e., firms in high-tech industries, or in countries with less disclosure transparency), and when formal contracts are less enforceable (i.e., in countries with relatively weak legal systems). We further show that open innovation is the channel through which societal trust promotes innovative efficiency. Overall, our study establishes societal trust as a key factor in influencing the efficiency of open innovation.