Single Parameter Range and Whole Parameter Range, and Assessment of Novelty

It is a relatively common phenomenon to limit technical features with parameter range in patent claims. It is argued in this article that the parameter range should be distinctly divided into single parameter range and whole parameter range depending on the different mode and function of limitation. Each and every parameter in a single parameter range may independently achieve a technical effect, and limit one embodiment alone; while a single parameter in the whole parameter range cannot independently achieve any technical effect, and the set of parameters as a whole within the parameter range limit a technical feature. Discrimination between the single parameter range and the whole parameter range has a bearing on the assessment of novelty and inventiveness. Owing to the absence of such discrimination of parameter range, the provisions of the current Guidelines for Examination on novelty and inventiveness of the claims relating to parameter range are not applicable to the circumstance of whole parameter range.     

Establishment of Indirect/Contributory Patent Infringement in China

The act of indirect/contributory infringement of patent is relative to the act of direct infringement of patent.The con- ception of indirect/contributory infringement of patent is,to a large extent,to meet the practical need for the protection of the patent right.In practice,to avoid liability for patent in- fringement,one sometimes does not exploit all,but only some,technical features defined in a claim of a patent,or several people jointly exploit all the technical features of the claim.According to the All Elements Rule in determination of patent infringement,if an accused article does not cover all     

A STUDY ON THE WRITING PROCESS

The objective of this paper is to help the students become good writers by guiding them through the process of writing, such as generating ideas, drafting, and revising. The ability to write well will help students provide answers in examinations and write project reports and academic essays which will be understood easily and appreciated by the teachers. Writing well is also an asset at the work place, where you may be writing memos, e-mail messages, reports, or proposals to various types of readers. Therefore, it is crucial for the students to be coached in the use of the writing process. In this paper, we will analyze the complete writing process by dividing it into three stages: planning, writing, and finalizing. Within each of these stages, there are a few steps.     

信息伦理学研究中若干问题的思考

The further development of information ethics needs to solve some important ethic problems involved with disciplinary construction. These problems include the cause of the formation of information ethics; the research method,attribution and features of information ethics; the connotation and systematic structure of information ethics; the enlightenment we gain from the studies of the guiding principles of information ethics in foreign countries. The scientific analysis and exposition of these problems are helpful to the prosperity and perfection of information ethics and to the construction of social information ethics.     

Construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels for confined water

In this review,we focus on the conined water that exists in one-dimensional micro/nano composite structures,particularly inside biological nanochannels.Using these nanochannels as inspiration,we discuss a strategy for the design and construction of biomimetic smart nanochannels.Unique features of the inner surfaces of a nanochannel’s wall have similar properties to living systems.Importantly,the abiotic analogs have potential applications in,for example,sensing,energy conversion and iltering.     

企业技术创新中的知识产权问题

The enterprise must pay attention to intellectual property protection in technical innovation. Based on an analysis of the problems in enterprise technical innovation, this article proposes some measures to further improve intellectual property protection.     

The Characteristics ofEmailLanguage onInternet

With the popular use of computer in our life and work, the E-mail has become the important medium of people＇s communication insteadof letter, fax and telephone. The E-mail language has its own unique characteristics. On one hand it tends to be oral, informal,on the other hand it resemblesthetraditional letter which has the fixed structure of discourse .By analyzing the E-mail language features we can use the communication tool correctly.     

The β-relaxation in metallic glasses

Focusing on metallic glasses as model systems, we review the features and mechanisms of the β-relaxations,which are intrinsic and universal to supercooled liquids and glasses, and demonstrate their importance in understanding many crucial unresolved issues in glassy physics and materials science, including glass transition phenomena, mechanical properties, shear-banding dynamics and deformation mechanisms,difusion and the breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein relation as well as crystallization and stability of glasses.We illustrate that it is an atractive prospect to incorporate these insights into the design of new glassy materials with extraordinary properties. We also outline important questions regarding the nature ofβ-relaxations and highlight some emerging research directions in this still-evolving ield.     

基层科技信息工作如何应对信息集成时代的到来

In accordance with the opportunities and challenges confronted by the basic-level scientific and technical information in the information integration environment, this article points out that the primary task of the basic-level scientific and technical information organization is to control information communication effectively and make the best use of information.     

An Academic Overview of Relations Between IP Law and Civil Code

With the development of the economic life and deepening of the theoretic research, the civil law community in China began, from the late 1990s and early this century, heated discussions on how to develop a good civil code, and the legislative authority also appointed some experts and scholars to start the work on drafting the civil code. Since the work along the line also involves the structure and system of the civil code, whether to incorporate the intellectual property law into the civil code has become one of the points of attention from the scholars. The relevant discussions have been kept on to date.     

Traditional cultural effect on modern management in China

1.0 Summary The report is stated the influence of traditional cultural and ideology arouse from old-time feudality system and Confucianism in modem management in China. The features of the culture provide many implications to modern managers in evaluation, motivation and recruitment. 2.0 Introduction Background and aim. The research is aimed to research the factors of old ideology and     

ZHU Rixiang： New leader of the Institute of Geology and Geophysics

Prof. XIAO Liye, an expert in superconducting technology, has been appointed new director of the Institute of Electrical Engineering(IEE), a research arm of CAS dedicating to the promotion of technical level of power generation and electrical equipment manufacturing.     

Industrialization of sweet sorghum derivatives

Researchers with the Lanzhou-based CAS Institute of Medern Physics have made encouraging progress in the development and industialization of sweet sorghum. After many years of hard work, they have come up with technical solutions to the cultivation, storage, fermentation of this promising non-grain energy crop candidate.     

Traditional cultural effect on modern management in China

1.0 Summary 　　The report is stated the influence of traditional cultural and ideology arouse from old-time feudality system and Confucianism in modern management in China. The features of the culture provide many implications to modern managers in evaluation, motivation and recruitment.……     

Recent Advances in Studies on Mesozoic and Paleogene Mammals in China

Like in other fields of paleontology, research in paleomammalogy mainly falls into two aspects. ＇One is related to the biological nature of fossil mammals, such as their systematics, origin, evolution, phylogenetic relationships, transformation of key features and paleobiogeography, and the other is related to the geological context, involving biostratigraphy, biochronology, faunal turnover and its relations to the global and regional environmental changes.     

Random complex networks

Exactly what is meant by a ‘complex' network is not clear; however, what is clear is that it is something other than a random graph. Complex networks arise in a wide range of real social, technological and physical systems. In all cases, the most basic categorization of these graphs is their node degree distribution.Particular groups of complex networks may exhibit additional interesting features, including the so-called small-world efect or being scale-free. here are many algorithms with which one may generate networks with particular degree distributions(perhaps the most famous of which is preferential atachment). In this paper, we address what it means to randomly choose a network from the class of networks with a particular degree distribution, and in doing so we show that the networks one gets from the preferential atachment process are actually highly pathological. Certain properties(including robustness and fragility) which have been atributed to the(scale-free) degree distribution are actually more intimately related to the preferential atachment growth mechanism. We focus here on scale-free networks with power-law degree sequences—but our methods and results are perfectly generic.     

Weakened Siberian High a Most Important Reason for Sharper Temperature Rise in Arid Northwestern China

Ateam of scientists at the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography （XIEG）, CAS recently reported in the Journal of Geophysical Researchthat the weakening of the Siberian High contributed the most to the sharper rise in temperature of the arid region in northwestern China compared with the overall warming trend of the country or even that of the globe, highlighting the role played by natural factors, like atmospheric circulation features, in regional climate change.     

Studies of Solar Vector Magnetic Field

In this article,we report a few advances in the studies based on the solar vector magnetic field observations which were carried out mainly with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope at the Huairou Solar Observing Station in the 1990s.(1) We developed necessary methodology and concepts in vector magnetogram analysis(Wang et al.1996).For the first time,we proposed to use the photospheric free magnetic energy to quantify the major flare productivity of solar active regions(ARs),and it had been proved to be the best parameter in representing the major flare activity.(2) We revealed that there was always a dominant sense of magnetic shear in a given AR(Wang 1994),which was taken as the premise of the helicity calculation in ARs;we made the first quantitative estimation of magnetic helicity evolution in ARs(Wang 1996).(3) We identified the first group of evidence of magnetic reconnection in the lower solar atmosphere with vector magnetic field observations and proposed a two-step reconnection flare model to interpret the observed association of flux cancellation and flares(Wang and Shi 1993).Efforts to quantify the major flare productivity of super active regions with vector magnetic field observations have been also taken.