The culture of education policy making: curriculum reform in Shanghai

This paper explores the culture of education policy making in Shanghai using the conceptual tool of a ‘global assemblage’. A global assemblage is essentially a collection of ideas and practices that arise from the interplay between a global form and situated sociocultural elements. Focusing on the global form of curriculum reform, this paper explains how the Shanghai municipal government justifies the introduction of the ‘Second Curriculum Reform’ using the global imperative while maintaining its socialist ideology and central control on high-stakes exams. This paper highlights the active roles played by the municipal government and other local educational stakeholders in assembling their own logics, tactics and counter-measures in the contested space of the assemblage. It is argued that the success of the curriculum reform is mediated and vitiated by the sociocultural elements of a dominant exam-oriented culture and the traditional approaches of memorisation, repeated practice and didactic teaching. The complex and unpredictable process of implementing curriculum reform in Shanghai illustrates the culture of education policy making against a backdrop of globalisation as a problem space.     

关于高校校本课程开发的几点思考

高校校本课程开发是一种与国家课程开发相对应的课程开发策略。高校校本课程开发的主要特征表现为课程开发是民主开放的过程,能尊重学校师生的独特性和差异性,是教育制度内权利与资源的重新分配,也是课程理论与课程实践不断丰富和完善以及国家课程开发的重要补充。高校校本课程开发面临着国家政治、经济、文化改革和高校自身改革的良好机遇,同时也遇到高校内部管理体制、教育观念、师资队伍和课程开发能力等现状的严峻挑战。高校校本课程开发的基本条件为明确教育哲学、办学宗旨、改善学校组织、强化教师培训、调动学生积极性、增加投入以及加强课程开发的评价等。     

高职人文课程体系探讨

目前高职院校以行业和职业需求为主要价值取向,主要进行专业知识和专业技能教育,其人文课程体系中存在着体系分散、形式单一、内容陈旧等问题。高职院校需要通过建立与学分制相适应的人文课程体系和合理的课程文化以及开发相应的校本课程,有效地增强人文课程体系的时代性、灵活性、针对性,从而提高学生的人文素养。     

宪法学应作为高等教育的通识课程

党的十八大刚刚召开,依法治国被提到前所未有的高度。本文从当代大学生的特点、高等教育目标与高等教育内容等方面分别论述了宪法对于高等教育的意义,提出要建设法治国家应当把宪法学作为高等教育的通识课程,让学生在大学阶段除了学习专业技能知识之外也应树立起良好的法治信念,这对于建立法治国家、实现宪政和民主必将有重要意义。     

高职教育复合型人才培养与课程改革

本从知识经济发展、科技成果产业化、现代企业管理、中小企业发展等四个方面分析了高职教育复合型人才需求的背景,阐述了复合型人才的知识与能力基本特征和培养的主要形式,从高职教育课程改革的“重应用、活模块、人本化”的角度,探讨了复合型人才培养的两条实现途径：一是能力本位与人格本位并重,二是强调学生的“自主性”学习。     

21世纪: 中国成人高等教育课程体系改革的思考

认真反思20世纪我国成人高等教育存在的问题,认清新世纪给我国成人高等教育发展带来的机遇和挑战,将有助于我们建立崭新的中国成人高等教育的课程体系,有利于富有个性和创新精神的人才培养,并有利于我国综合国力和国际竞争力的提高,因此,作为我国成人高等教育发展 突破口的课程体系改革应引起我们的认真思考。     

Fostering of creativity within an imaginative curriculum in higher education

Psychology is frequently used as a foundation discipline in the training of adult educators because it addresses those questions which naturally emerge from an engagement with adult learning and teaching (Tennant, 1997). The professional context which forms the focus of this article is no different. By providing academic support for lecturers in a higher education institution in Ireland, there is a desire to develop a sustainable curriculum model whereby by working with them on designing and developing creative curricula in their various subject disciplines in the arts and sciences they, in turn, pass the benefits of this on to their students.     

福建省高职体育课程模式的现状调查与对策

学校体育课程模式的研究是当前学校改革的重要课题之一.通过对福建省高职体育基本设施、师资学历、年龄、职称等情况及教学指导思想、体育课、课外体育活动等方面的调查研究,分析福建省高职院校体育课程模式现状,并提出了进行高职体育教学改革的几点建议.     

论创新学分实施的问题与对策

目前"创新学分"的实施已经成为国内高校发展的一个重要课题。但是对于"创新学分"的理解还存在一些误区,培养方案设置需要改进,管理细则和信息系统的建设有待完善。根据宁波大学实施情况,提出"创新学分"实施的发展方向。     

从宏观政策层面看我国高等教育经费的筹措与配置

我国高等教育面临办学经费紧张的同时又存在办学资源严重浪费的现象。从宏观政策层面看,政府除加大对高等教育投入外,还应当建立科学的高等教育成本补偿机制,由受教育者合理分担高等教育成本;通过立法鼓励社会公民和企业组织捐资办学,拓宽办学经费筹措渠道,并采取切实有效的措施确保“渠开水满”。     

高职财务管理课程教学改革探析

财务管理课程作为会计专业及财务管理专业的核心课程,对于学习会计和财务管理的学生来说十分重要。本文本着高职教育的培养目标,在高职财务管理课程教学中,从教学内容,教师的教育观念,教学方法、教学手段和课程考核四个方面对该课程改革进行探析。     

Cultural capital and agency: connecting critique and curriculum in higher education

This paper explores some of the unresolved tensions in higher education systems and the contradiction between widening participation and the consolidation of social position. It shows how concepts of capital derived from Bourdieu, Coleman and Putnam provide a powerful basis for critique, but risk a deficit view of students from less privileged backgrounds. These students are more likely to attend lower‐status institutions and engage with an externally focused curriculum. The paper argues for greater attention to agency, and community and familial capital, in conceptualising the resilience of those from less privileged backgrounds. While the recognition of ‘voice’ is important, a curriculum that acknowledges the context independence of knowledge is essential if these students are not to be further disadvantaged.     

论高等学校课程的科学学基础

科学学作为高校课程的基础具有重要意义。科学知识、科学方法、科学精神和科学发展机制对高校课程有着重要的制约作用,科学历史演变对高校课程思想、目标、原则、模式和实施有着重要的影响。     

高职专业教学计划课程设置的探讨

高职专业教学计划的制定过程中,课程设置是重要环节。本文从高职教育的属性、经济发展对劳动力知识和能力要求、高职学生生源及职业技能的形成与职业技能的鉴定出发,对高职专业教学计划制定过程中的课程设置进行讨论。     

高职院校心理健康教育课程建设的思考

目前高职院校特别是地方高职院校的心理健康教育课程建设水平尚待提高,存在着一些不令人满意的现状,笔者简单分析了目前的现状并针对这些现状提出了一些对策:准确定位课程、明确课程管理机制、改革课程教学模式、改变课程教学方法方式、改革课程考核形式等。     

The influence of the curriculum organization on study progress in higher education

During the last decade the demand foruniversity education in the Netherlands hasgrown, and until two years ago there was stilla yearly increase in the number of studentsattending university. However, not all of thesestudents graduate and those that do often takelonger than the programmed four years to finishtheir studies. The policy of the Minister ofEducation aims to increase the rate ofcompletion and to reduce the time needed tograduate. Within the last decade far moreattention has been paid to research as well asthe policy on factors within the curriculumorganization. This is in stark contrast to thesixties and seventies, when student-relatedfactors were more prominent. This articlefocuses on the relationship between curriculumorganization and academic success in the firstyear of university education. In this researchacademic success is defined as the number ofstudents succeeding for the first-yearexamination and can be seen as fraction, withenrolling students as the numerator and students that passed the first-year examinationwithin one year as the denominator. Weinvestigated the academic success of fivegroups of students (enrolment years 1987–1991)within six different departments at theUniversity of Groningen, the Netherlands.Aspects of curriculum organization thatcontributed positively to academic success werefor example, decreasing the study load byspreading exams and programming fewer parallelcourses, whereas it was better not to spreadre-tests over the whole year.     

浅析高等职业教育课程体系评估

高职课程体系评估对于高职教育目标的实现及构建与完善我国高职课程体系具有重要意义。评估应以市场需求为导向,既注重学生动手能力的培养又要着眼于学生的全面发展。高职课程体系评估的主要内容包括课程体系与教育目标、办学方针及地区特点的符合程度;课程体系的职业性、科学性及灵活性;课程内容的综合化;课程结构的合理性。     

Curriculum capacity and citizenship education: a comparative analysis of four democracies

Governments, international organizations and academics have, in recent decades, expressed a sense of crisis in the practice of democracy based largely upon increasing levels of disengagement by citizens from even the most basic elements of civic life. One response has been to devise civics and citizenship education curricula for schools with the concomitant expectations of enhanced civic practice. Our examination of citizenship education programs has revealed considerable variation from country to country in the degree of success achieved in the design, development and implementation of programs. This paper examines recent developments in citizenship education in four leading Western democracies – Australia, Canada, England and the USA; each one with its own particular successes and shortcomings. It identifies several factors associated with the successful building of curriculum capacity for citizenship education and argues that these are fundamental for countries wishing to move beyond rhetoric and toward substance in citizenship education.     

从结构性约束看大众化阶段我国高等教育公共政策的选择

随着高等教育大众化阶段的来临,我国财政性教育经费和高等教育成本补偿政策均面临着诸多的结构性约束问题。为妥善处理好这些问题,促进我国高等教育的健康发展,应完善我国高等教育的公共政策选择。即强化政府财政责任,确保法定经费足额到位;弥补市场失灵,完善国家助学贷款体系;健全捐赠税收优惠政策,拓宽多元化融资渠道;允许民办高校合法营利,强化民办高校的分类监管。     

地方高校发展与高等教育政策调整

近年来,我国地方高校在规模迅猛扩张的同时,普遍陷入了多重发展困境之中。从制度变迁的类型和路径依赖两个角度来看,这种困境产生的制度根源有两个:一是以中央政府为主体的激进式强制性制度变迁的局限性,二是对传统高等教育管理模式的路径依赖。今后高等教育政策调整必须遵循两个基本的指导思想:一是弥补激进式强制性制度变迁的局限,二是摆脱对传统高等教育管理方式的路径依赖。