Accessibility,Disability, and Inclusion in Information Technologies: Introduction

Abstrat

The inclusion of informatics supporting trans‐border data flows (TDFs) in research and action related to the New World Information Order is essential. Documents prove the fact that information has been treated by developing countries as a critical element in the establishment of a New International Economic Order.

The author calls for the recognition of TDFs as an integral element of the debate over information. Such issues as free flow of information, national sovereignty, and dependent development are addressed. In the conclusion, it is argued that the International Telecommunication Union is well equipped to expand its domain of jurisdiction to TDFs in coordination with a maturing Intergovernmental Bureau for Informatics.     

A Three-Way Dance: The Global Public Good and Accessibility in Information Technologies

When we recognize the development and use of information technologies as an emerging global public good, we can move away from the stark dualisms of profit versus human rights, market share versus accessibility, and competition versus inclusion, to an understanding of how both public and private interests are at play in the development of this global public good. Governments, industry, and disability advocacy organizations are all involved in the construction of this public good in a complex three-way dance. We argue that in the context of this three-way dance it is possible to create a common ground between disability advocacy organizations and the IT industry by developing tools that address the tensions that arise from their differing motivating forces. Specifically, we argue that three sets of tools—regulation, developing ease of use products and standards, and using education to increase the market strength of people with disabilities as consumers—can change the relationships between these two communities of interest in ways that will benefit each.     

政府网站信息无障碍设计的内涵、政策与举措

论文论述了信息无障碍的含义,在具体分析了国内外政府网站信息无障碍的政策、标准和举措之后,提出了我国政府网站信息无障碍建设对策。     

试论公共图书馆的信息无障碍服务

本文从理念与技术两方面探讨了公共图书馆进行信息无障碍服务的必要性和可行性.并在对中美公共图书馆的信息无障碍服务进行广泛调研的基础上,提出了公共图书馆信息无障碍服务中资源建设、网站建设和用户服务等方面的思考和建议.     

高校图书馆信息无障碍服务研究

阐述了在高校图书馆开展信息无障碍服务的必要性和可行性,并采用网站调查法对国内外高校图书馆开展信息无障碍服务现状进行了调查,最后对国内高校图书馆开展信息无障碍服务提出了几点建议。     

美国信息无障碍法律法规研究

本文在对美国信息无障碍相关法律法规进行概述的基础上,归纳总结了美国信息无障碍法律法规建设的发展历程及特点,最后探讨了美国信息无障碍法律法规建设对我国信息无障碍法律法规支持体系建设的启示。     

基于XML的信息组织与处理：2．应用技术

本文介绍基于XML的基础数据与应用文献标记、地数据及知识体系标记、基于XML的应用领域信息处理与交换框架建设，并分析XML在图书情报领域中的应用以及XML对图书情报领域的挑战。     

第三方物流信息化中的三个关键技术

本文介绍了物流管理中已经采用的三个先进的信忠化技术:条形码技术、射频技术、电子数据交换技术.     

信息抽取技术在数字图书馆中的应用研究

信息抽取研究旨在为人们提供更有力的信息获取工具,以应对信息爆炸带来的严峻挑战。本文分析了信息抽取的概念、类型与方法,提出了信息抽取技术在数字图书馆中的几个应用领域。     

面向泛在信息环境的自适应信息服务及其关键技术分析

自适应是个性化信息服务的发展趋势,泛在信息环境具有强大的情境感知能力,使得自适应信息服务的实现成为可能.文章阐释了自适应信息服务研究的缘起和背景,探讨了情境及情境感知在个性化信息服务中的作用机制,在此基础上给出了泛在信息环境下的自适应信息服务体系构架,并详细分析了自适应信息服务实现过程中存在的挑战及关键技术.研究结果可以为自适应信息服务的研究和实践提供一定的参考.     

基于WebWork+Spring+Hibernate的研究生信息管理系统

本文在对高校研究生管理现状进行分析的基础上,提出了一个符合研究生管理工作的需求,并用WebWork及Spring和Hibernate技术实现了研究生信息管理。     

构建无障碍信息环境的法律基础与标准实施的研究——基于《残疾人保障法》角度的探讨

2008年4月24日<中华人民共和国残疾人保障法>(修订版)正式通过,并于同年7月1日起施行.该法案明确信息无障碍是残疾人实现权利平等和融入社会的保障.阐述了新版<残疾人保障法>修订背景以及其中与信息无障碍环境建设有关联的条款;讨论了该法在构建信息无障碍环境实践操作中可能存在的问题;最后探讨如何利用<残疾人保障法>为构建信息无障碍环境提供坚实的法律保障,并提出了相应的策略.     

Information and Communication Technologies for Development: The Bottom of the Pyramid Model in Practice

The currently influential model for information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) is based on increasing the well-being of the poor through market-based solutions, and by using low-cost but advanced technologies. Using ethnographic methods, we chart out the contradictions that could arise when such a development-through-entrepreneurship model is implemented. We examine the Akshaya project, a franchise of computer-service kiosks in Kerala, India, which strives simultaneously for social development through access to computers and financial viability through cost recovery and entrepreneurship. We show that tensions within the state and among entrepreneurs and perceptions of public versus private among consumers make it challenging to meet the twin goals of commercial profitability and social development.     

Learning About Information Technologies and Social Change: The Contribution of Social Informatics

Social informatics is the body of research that examines the design, uses, and consequences of information and communication technologies in ways that take into account their interaction with institutional and cultural contexts. This article serves as a brief introduction to social informatics. Examples such as computer networks, scientific communication via electronic journals, and public access to the Internet are used to illustrate key ideas from social informatics research. Some of the key themes include the importance of social contexts and work processes, sociotechnical networks, public access to information, and social infrastructure for computing support. The article draws upon 25 years of systematic analytical and critical research about information technology and social change.     

Information and Communication Technologies for Development: The Bottom of the Pyramid Model in Practice

The currently influential model for information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) is based on increasing the well-being of the poor through market-based solutions, and by using low-cost but advanced technologies. Using ethnographic methods, we chart out the contradictions that could arise when such a development-through-entrepreneurship model is implemented. We examine the Akshaya project, a franchise of computer-service kiosks in Kerala, India, which strives simultaneously for social development through access to computers and financial viability through cost recovery and entrepreneurship. We show that tensions within the state and among entrepreneurs and perceptions of public versus private among consumers make it challenging to meet the twin goals of commercial profitability and social development.