水轮发电机组蜗壳现场安装施工焊接技术概述

水轮发电机组的安装是水电站建设期间的核心工程,机组的安装质量直接影响到机组的效能和运行的可靠性、稳定性和长期性。蜗壳是水轮发电机组中十分重要的引水部件,其主要作用是使水流产生圆周运动,在进入导水部件以前使水流形成一定环量,引导水流均匀地、轴对称地进入水轮机,以使转轮受力均衡,提高工作稳定性,蜗壳的现场安装尤其是焊接工艺,直接关系到机组可靠运行。     

有关水轮发电机组的安装质量控制对策研究

水轮发电机组安装是技术性强、工序繁杂的工作,其安装质量关系到设备投产后能否安全、稳定运行。属于整个水利枢纽正常运转的关键步骤,对整个工程起着巨大的影响,应该加强这方面的研究。本文作者结合实际工作经验,对水轮发电机组安装全过程质量控制,关键点安装环节工序展开了详细探讨。可以为此方面的实践应用提供参考。     

浅谈水轮发电机组安装的质量控制

针对水轮式发电机组的安装工程,对于不同型号机组及其重要部位,核心工序等都采用由监理牵头,并由厂家,设计,施工和业主等共同参与而进行质量验收的严密过程.本文主要对水轮机安装的质量控制,调速系统安装的质量控制,水轮发电机安装的质量控制,管路及附件安装的质量控制,进水阈安装的质量控制等方面进行初步探讨.     

水轮发电机组的安装质量控制措施探讨

随着国家倡导绿色能源,水利水电工程得到国家的重点扶持,自三峡水电站成功以来,又涌现了锦屏、拉西瓦、向家坝等大型水电站,中小型水电站更是举不胜数。水利水电工程建设工程复杂,尤其是发电机组的安装质量颇为重要,水轮发电机的安装质量关系水电机组运行的可靠性、稳定性和寿命。本文主要对水轮发电机安装过程中质量控制的谈谈几点看法。     

居甫渡水电站水轮机蜗壳安装及焊接施工工艺

本文对居甫渡水电站水轮机蜗壳的拼装、挂装、焊接等施工工艺进行了介绍,需要掌握蜗壳各施工环节安装质量控制要点和内容。并对相关问题进行了分析研究,为今后工程实践中出现的类似问题提供参考和借鉴。     

浅谈化工设备安装中焊接质量控制

现目前设备安装工程期间的施工实践经验表现出,焊接的安装工作是工程建设期间一个重要的环节,焊接的工期直接影响到整个工程的进度,而且焊接的质量好坏也直接影响整个工程的安全质量以及未来的使用寿命长短,是整个建筑施工过程的重点和难点。其效率等因素会对建筑工程建造工期的长短和建造资金投入产生巨大的影响。在焊接过程中,怎样才能对焊接施工的质量方面,生产效率方面做到有效的保障,并且,对于出产的产品的优良率,和生产中的成本进行控制,这些都是化工设备安装过程能否有较高质量控制的一个关键环节。     

景洪水电站混流式水轮机蜗壳设计

介绍了混流式水轮机蜗壳的设计和结构特点.     

水轮发电机组异常运行分析

水轮机运行中难免会发生各种各样的异常情况,同一异常现象可能有不同的产生原因,因此,在分析故障现象时,要根据仪表指示、机组运转声响、振动、温度等现象,结合事故预兆、常规处理经验进行分析判断,必要时采用拆卸部件解体检查等方法和手段,从根本上消除设备故障。     

压力容器焊接质量控制方法

压力容器是一种特殊的焊接设备,在其制造过程中,对其质量的控制显得尤为重要,特别是焊接质量的控制。本文主要探讨了压力容器焊接质量的控制方法,主要针对其材料、工艺以及检测系统控制进行阐述。     

黑河流域地表过程综合观测网的运行、维护与数据质量控制

当前,以全球、区域（流域）为单元建立分布式的观测网已成为陆地表层系统观测的主流方向,而良好的运行与维护、严格的数据质量控制是获取高质量观测数据的前提。本文以中国第二大内陆河黑河流域为例,概述了黑河流域地表过程综合观测网的相关情况,总结了该观测网的运行与维护以及数据质量控制的研究进展,主要包括：日-旬-月-年尺度的运行与维护流程,由仪器比对与标定、数据处理、筛选与审核等构成的数据质量控制流程等。以2018年3个超级站为例展示了观测数据成果,并介绍了黑河流域地表过程综合观测网的成效。本文的研究成果将对“丝绸之路经济带”上许多相近内陆河流域的野外观测与数据质量控制等工作起到借鉴作用。     

自然资源要素综合观测质量管理体系构建

自然资源要素综合观测体系具有观测对象多、观测指标多、观测技术手段多等特点。为保证观测数据质量,必须构建覆盖从采集到发布数据全周期全过程的数据质量管理体系。本文针对自然资源要素综合观测对数据质量管理体系提出的新要求,基于国内外观测领域数据质量管理体系现状分析,依据ISO9000族国际标准,建立由目标层、组织层、制度层、控制层及评估层五部分组成的综合观测数据质量管理体系框架;基于模块化集成思维,构建纵横多级质量控制体系：纵向上,建立综合研究中心—一级站—二级站—三级站4级外部检查,横向上,建立观测—校对—审核3级内部检查制度;质控技术上,重点研究了不同观测过程的质控模块,建立了QC0（样品实验测试质量控制模块）、QC1（观测数据内部质量控制模块）、QC2（观测数据外部质量控制模块）、QC3（数据质量的考核和评估模块）4种质控模块,提高了质控针对性和有效性。本文旨在通过构建全面的数据质量管理体系和科学的质控方法,保证观测数据准确可靠。     

Recommendations for the application and follow-up of quality controls in medical laboratories

This is a translation of the paper “Recommendations for the application and follow-up of quality controls in medical biology laboratories” published in French in the journal Annales de Biologie Clinique (Recommandations pour la mise en place et le suivi des contrôles de qualité dans les laboratoires de biologie médicale. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2019;77:577-97.). The recommendations proposed in this document are the result of work conducted jointly by the Network of Accredited Medical Laboratories (LABAC), the French Society of Medical Biology (SFBC) and the Federation of Associations for External Quality Assessment (FAEEQ). The different steps of the implementation of quality controls, based on a risk analysis, are described. The changes of reagent or internal quality control (IQC) materials batches, the action to be taken in case of non-conform IQC results, the choice of external quality assessment (EQA) scheme and interpretation of their results as well as the new issue of analyses performed on several automatic systems available in the same laboratory are discussed. Finally, the concept of measurement uncertainty, the robustness of the methods as well as the specificities of near-patient testing and rapid tests are described. These recommendations cannot apply for all cases we can find in medical laboratories. The implementation of an objective alternative strategy, supported with documented evidence, might be equally considered.     

加工过程对茶叶卫生质量的影响与控制对策

影响茶叶卫生质量的因素有很多,加工人员只有掌握了这些影响因素,才可以不断地更新、改进工艺。文章探析加工过程对茶叶卫生质量的影响与控制对策。     

加工过程对茶叶卫生质量的影响与控制对策

影响茶叶卫生质量的因素有很多,加工人员只有掌握了这些影响因素,才可以不断地更新、改进工艺。文章探析加工过程对茶叶卫生质量的影响与控制对策。     

Moving average procedures as an additional tool for real-time analytical quality control: challenges and opportunities of implementation in small-volume medical laboratories

IntroductionMoving average (MA) is one possible way to use patient results for analytical quality control in medical laboratories. The aims of this study were to: (1) implement previously optimized MA procedures for 10 clinical chemistry analytes into the laboratory information system (LIS); (2) monitor their performance as a real-time quality control tool, and (3) define an algorithm for MA alarm management in a small-volume laboratory to suit the specific laboratory.Materials and methodsMoving average alarms were monitored and analysed over a period of 6 months on all patient results (total of 73,059) obtained for 10 clinical chemistry parameters. The optimal MA procedures were selected previously using an already described technique called the bias detection simulation method, considering the ability of bias detection the size of total allowable error as the key parameter for optimization.ResultsDuring 6 months, 17 MA alarms were registered, which is 0.023% of the total number of generated MA values. In 65% of cases, their cause was of pre-analytical origin, in 12% of analytical origin, and in 23% the cause was not found. The highest alarm rate was determined on sodium (0.10%), and the lowest on calcium and chloride.ConclusionsThis paper showed that even in a small-volume laboratory, previously optimized MA procedures could be successfully implemented in the LIS and used for continuous quality control. Review of patient results, re-analysis of samples from the stable period, analysis of internal quality control samples and assessment of the analyser malfunctions and maintenance log have been proposed for the algorithm for managing MA alarms.     

基于MDS和模糊逻辑的黄河三角洲土壤质量评估

黄河三角洲土地资源丰富,但降水与蒸发严重失衡,土壤受盐渍化及污染影响严重。为获取该地区土壤质量现状,本研究选取了多个物理和化学指标,利用最小数据集理论,构建适合于研究区土壤质量评估的指标体系,然后采用模糊逻辑模型对土壤质量现状进行评估,并结合土地利用现状分析了主要土地利用类型在不同土壤等级上的分布情况。研究结果表明：经筛选后,黄河三角洲土壤质量评价最小数据集包括pH、TN、AP、AK、有机质和土壤盐分;评估结果显示在空间上土壤质量内陆高于沿海,以中部黄河与刁口河相交处为最优;土壤质量整体上以中等级为主,其中三级类型占比最大为31.22%,农田、园地、林地等主要分布在三级以上土壤,但有部分在低级土壤上存在,而且优质土壤上也存在较多的闲置土地,土地资源利用存在不合理性,有待进一步的优化配置。     

企业专利质量优劣评价的犹豫模糊平衡参考解方法

为促进提高创新专利质量,更好地服务于企业创新工作,提出一种基于犹豫模糊平衡参考解的专利评价方法.考虑到专利质量评价需多群组参与的实际情况以及评价问题本身的模糊性,将犹豫模糊集作为评价信息载体;鉴于人类评价事物时热衷于列出优劣势项的习惯,借助TOPSIS和EDAS参考解思想,构造一种平衡参考解的集成模型;此外,考虑到传统距离测度无法在同一水平直接衡量具有差异性的数据,构建一种基于Bray-Curtis距离的犹豫模糊测度方法;最后,以W企业的四类专利质量评价为实例以验证该方法的可行性,为企业的专利质量评价提供新思路与技术支撑.     

PPH与PCT-PPH专利审查质量控制机制及其比较研究

分别论述了PPH与PCT-PPH的审查质量控制机制,并将PPH与PCT-PPH的审查质量控制机制进行了比较分析。PCT-PPH的专利审查质量控制机制较PPH而言,不仅不会给申请人施加过多的风险和信息搜索成本,而且更易消除专利制度差异性对审查质量的影响。因此PCT-PPH可以更为有效地提升国际专利审查信息共享的申请人参与率。     

Estimation of the measurement uncertainty and practical suggestion for the description of the metrological traceability in clinical laboratories

Clinicians request a large part of measurements of biological quantities that clinical laboratories perform for diagnostic, prognostic or diseases monitoring purposes. Thus, laboratories need to provide patient’s results as reliable as possible. Metrological concepts like measurement uncertainty and metrological traceability allow to know the accuracy of these results and guarantee their comparability over time and space. Such is the importance of these two parameters that the estimation of measurement uncertainty and the knowledge of metrological traceability is required for clinical laboratories accredited by ISO 15189:2012. Despite there are many publications or guidelines to estimate the measurement uncertainty in clinical laboratories, it is not entirely clear what information and which formulae they should use to calculate it. On the other hand, unfortunately, there are a small number of clinical laboratories that know and describe the metrological traceability of their results, even though they are aware of the lack of comparability that currently exists for patient’s results. Thus, to try to facilitate the task of clinical laboratories, this review aims to provide a proposal to estimate the measurement uncertainty. Also, different suggestions are shown to describe the metrological traceability. Measurement uncertainty estimation is partially based on the ISO/TS 20914:2019 guideline, and the metrological traceability described using the ISO 17511:2020. Different biological quantities routinely measured in clinical laboratories are used to exemplify the proposal and suggestions.