高中学生物理成绩性别差异的归因分析及教学对策

通过对高中学生在主要学科学习中存在的性别差异,特别是物理学习中的性别差异的对比,从男、女学生智力和非智力因素两方面入手,进行了智能特点、智能品质、兴趣水平、性格特征等方面差异的分析研究,并针对女同学在物理学习中的困难,提出了因材施教,提高女生物理学习效果的教学对策。     

Higher Order Teacher Questioning of Boys and Girls in Elementary Mathematics Classrooms

Abstract

The interaction patterns of teachers and students in public and private urban schools was investigated specifically to explore higher order teacher questioning. On the basis of a review of the literature, the authors speculated that patterns of student response to higher order teacher questioning would differ by student gender. Higher order questioning encourages students to think critically, and, therefore, is powerful for learning. Lower order questioning, however, taps only the memorization of facts. The results from this study suggested no gender difference in students' responses to higher order questioning. The 16 teachers observed used predominately lower level questioning patterns in their classrooms.     

Longitudinal Associations Between Executive Control and Developing Mathematical Competence in Preschool Boys and Girls

Executive control (EC) is related to mathematics performance in middle childhood. However, little is known regarding how EC and informal numeracy differentially support mathematics skill acquisition in preschoolers. A sample of preschoolers (115 girls, 113 boys), stratified by social risk, completed an EC task battery at 3 years, informal numeracy assessments at 3.75 and 4.5 years, and a broad mathematics assessment during kindergarten. Strong associations were observed between latent EC at age 3 and mathematics achievement in kindergarten, which remained robust after accounting for earlier informal numeracy, socioeconomic status, language and processing speed. Relations between EC and mathematics achievement were stronger in girls than in boys. Findings highlight the unique role of EC in predicting which children may have difficulty transitioning to formal mathematics instruction.     

PRETCO与学生翻译能力的拓展

拓展翻译能力是高职院校英语教学的重要内容.根据高等学校英语应用能力考试(PRETCO)A级的翻译要求,探讨翻译的应试技巧,同时建议从语言差异、文化差异、学习态度等方面打好基础,进行拓展训练翻译能力.     

中小学男女生品德得分差异的实证研究

调查发现,中小学男女学生的品德得分存在着显差异,而且从相对意义上来看,小学4-6年级和初中1-2年级女生的品德发展水平高于男生,男生在品德内容的大多数项目上的表现不如女生。但这并不是说男生的品德的绝对水平低下、品德问题很多,更不是否认男生品德发展的潜力,出现上述情况,即有生理心理等原因,又有社会化的原因。     

空间视角透视下的《男孩与女孩》

《男孩与女孩》是加拿大诺贝尔文学奖获得者艾丽丝·蒙若早期的代表作。在整个故事当中,“空间”这一因素一直扮演着一个极为重要而活跃的角色。同传统的小说不同的是,它不再被弱化为背景、舞台或是一个空空的载体,而成为一股有创造力的能量,时时刻刻塑造和限制者主人公的思想和言行。     

The Participation of Boys and Girls in Home Economics

This study examined whether male students dominated classroom interactions in home economics lessons and whether other classroom processes sustained gender divisions in this subject in two Form I and two Form II classes in two schools. The sample included two female home economics teachers and all the students in the four classes (34 boys and 31 girls). Data were collected during five 60‐minute observation sessions in each class (inter‐observer reliability reached 94%) and structured interviews with both teachers and 24 students (three boys and three girls from each class). Statistically significant (p < 0.001) differences were found in the number of times students were helped by the teachers (boys received 76% of teachers’ help) and in the number of reprimands they received (boys received 87%). Boys and girls received a comparable amount of praise but boys received a greater amount of interaction in all other categories (direction of teacher questions, choice of students to answer questions, call‐outs and calling students by name) although these differences were not statistically significant. There were major individual differences between students of the same sex in all the categories. More boys (19) than girls (seven) were high participants in different classroom processes. Most of the students in mixed‐gender kitchenettes co‐operated in cleaning up. Teachers expected the same standard of work from all the students but they allotted more special jobs to girls.     

Motor processing difficulties: guidance for teachers in mainstream classrooms

Difficulties in motor processing are often seen in children with specific literacy difficulties. Indeed many children with dyslexia may also have a diagnosis of dyspraxia. This article seeks to increase understanding of difficulties in motor processing and to provide practical advice to teachers to assist in identification of such difficulties. It will examine a range of presenting issues in the classroom, but with a primary focus on handwriting. Drawing on the experience of the authors and literature in this area, practical strategies are offered that may be implemented by teachers in mainstream classrooms.     

Supporting children with motor skills difficulties: an initial evaluation of the Manchester Motor Skills Programme

Children with motor difficulties are a very varied group. In order to target interventions more effectively researchers have attempted to identify specific sub‐groups; however, attempts to identify sub‐groups and provide interventions accordingly have met with limited success. Currently interventions can be classified into two main types, namely, general abilities and normative functional approaches. The current study outlines the Manchester Motor Skills Programme (MMSP), which adopts a normative functional approach and has been developed jointly by educational psychologists (EPs), specialist teachers and schools. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the MMSP a quasi‐experimental repeated measures study was undertaken involving 24 children. The quasi‐experimental study yielded a medium effect size, which is a promising result for a naturalistic intervention. Methodological limitations and areas of future research are considered and identified.     

Development of Equity Preferences in Boys and Girls Across Adolescence

The aim of the current study was to examine the development of equity preferences across adolescence, for boys and girls separately. Participants from 8 to 18 years old (M = 14.09 years; N = 1,216) played four economic allocation games. Analyses revealed a decrease in equity preferences with age and this decrease was stronger for boys than for girls. There was also an age‐related increase in the preference for efficient outcomes (i.e., maximization of total available resources), which was again stronger for boys than for girls. Overall, although equity remains as a strong social norm, adolescents are decreasingly strict in adhering to the equity norm and show increasing flexibility in equity preferences.     

Differential Effectiveness of Computer-assisted Instruction for Boys and Girls

A sample of 671 secondary school students in 24 classes of nominally slow learners was involved in investigating not only the relative efficacy of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) and traditional expository teaching, but particularly the differential effectiveness of the two teaching methods for boys and girls. Both achievement and attitude outcomes were investigated. The difference in mean scores between CAI and traditional classes overall was 3.5 standard deviations for achievement and 1.4 standard deviations for attitude. However, although there was no overall effect of gender on either outcome, a significant treatment-gender interaction occurred for the achievement outcome (but not for the attitude outcome). Boys achieved better than girls in the CAI groups, but boys and girls achieved similarly in the control group.     

教育男生和女生:对性别平等教育的启示

性别平等教育长期被视作教育中的次要问题,教育学界对此也存在不少误解。“零和式”的教育使性别平等问题走向了极端。性别平等教育的目标不仅使女生享有平等的教育的机会,同时也使男生受益。打破教育体制中固有的性别成见才是实现平等教育的根本途径。     

Girls and Boys Like to Read and Write Different Texts

This study explored girls' and boys' (aged 10–11) attitudes towards reading and writing. Girls enjoyed reading significantly more than boys. Boys liked mostly comics and humorous books; adventure books were girls' favourites. Poetry did not appeal to pupils. Many boys did not enjoy typical school texts. Most pupils, especially boys, did not like to read aloud. Even many fluent and motivated readers felt embarrassed when doing it. Pupils' attitudes towards writing were more negative than those regarding reading. Boys were significantly more reluctant writers than girls. To interest boys the writing task should have a meaningful purpose or a communicative function. The results suggest that pupils' interest should be a key factor in the selection of reading material; otherwise, many students will avoid reading and may develop a lifelong aversion to it.     

试论社会传媒对青少年的影响

从建国初期至今,社会传媒对青少年的影响大致可以分为三个阶段,即书报阶段、电视阶段和电脑阶段。这三种形式的传媒各有利弊,而电脑的利弊更加显著。如何发挥电脑的优势,消除电脑的负面影响,是一个值得深思的问题。     

俄罗斯高等教育对男女生经费的投入问题评述

文章在介绍俄罗斯高等教育经费改革的基础上，从较深的层次论述了俄罗斯教育中存在的性别歧视问题，并对由此产生的俄罗斯教育经费的投入问题进行了较为详尽和深入的分析。通过对此问题的研究，我们可以透视出教育经费改革是经济改革的重要举措，与俄罗斯的政治命运息息相关。     

构建女性文化身份——论《男孩和女孩》中的女孩形象

艾丽丝?门罗擅长描写平凡女性人物的命运,刻画平淡生活的真实面貌,被称为当今最有影响力的小说家之一。门罗不同时期的短篇小说讲述了加拿大社会中平凡女性的命运。本文以《男孩和女孩》的女孩为例,探讨女性在男权社会的压迫下不断成长、构建女性文化身份的过程,从而表明女性必须认识自我的社会价值并实现自我诉求。     

幼儿园重女轻男现象及对常规管理的纠偏

本研究通过问卷调查与访谈,发现多数幼教工作人员,对幼儿园男女幼儿有不同接受心理,并在日常带班过程中表现出教育行为差异.从常规管理角度检视这种重女轻男现象产生的原由,幼儿园实际工作中存在着保教目标片面性、实施途径保守性和考评机制单一性等偏差.     

Dumb Dorky Girls and Wimpy Boys: Gendered Themes in Diary Cartoon Novels

In this paper, we focus on gendered themes promulgated in three books written in diary cartoon form. Although written for different audiences, each of these books constructs gender norms in similar ways. They promote heteronormative gender roles for boys and girls by endorsing traditional femininities and hegemonic masculinities through the following themes: popularity, mean girls/bullying, self-concept and self-esteem, friendship, and adult naïveté. First, we discuss the ways in which gender is implicated in children’s literature. Then, we describe and analyze the diary cartoon books, contrasting and comparing those with girl protagonists and that with a boy protagonist. Finally, we explore the gendered implications in the books’ themes, concluding that girls and boys are represented in different manners that reinforce gender essentialism and heteronormativity.     

翻译与写作能力的培养

在五大技能中,译和写仍然是英语专业学生的弱点。正确认识翻译理论与技巧的关系、翻译与其它技能的关系、文学素养与翻译、翻译与语言理论基础课的关系对于翻译与写作能力的培养起着很大作用。     

谈健美操动作技能的学习

大学生除了学习理论知识,掌握智慧技能之外,还应学习动作技能。大学生动作技能的学习规律,它包括了解动作技能的结构特点,建立动作的认知,进行动作的分解,实现动作的联系定位,完成动作的自动化。