艰苦奋斗精神的时代内涵

艰苦奋斗精神是我们党的优良传统。艰苦奋斗是一个相对的概念,不同的时代有不同的内涵。在改革开放和市场经济的新形势下,艰苦奋斗精神被赋予新的科学的时代内涵。     

The PhD viva: a space for academic development

This study examined the viva experiences of 87 social science PhD graduates from three Irish higher education institutions through a questionnaire that assessed outcome, preparation, conduct and post-viva. The majority were awarded their PhD with minor corrections, considered their viva as a summative assessment, and emphasised its purpose as authentication, examination and defence. Most felt well prepared yet few had experienced a ‘mock viva’ or viva workshop. Even those with minor corrections identified aspects of the viva for improvement. The study recommends that academic development programmes should incorporate assessment literacy for PhD students and supervisors and the need for evaluation of graduates’ viva experiences.     

History of Spanish Mathematics Education Focusing on PhD Theses

This article offers an overview of mathematics education in Spain, analyzing the production of PhD theses over the last 30 years. This period has been divided into four cycles that describe the evolution of Spanish research in the field of mathematics education, together with changes in university and social politics. This paper also includes a forecast of the number of theses that will be produced over the next 7 years, thus predicting the future progress and development of this area of research.     

A new approach to evaluating the well-being of PhD research students

This study describes the development of an assessment to evaluate the well-being of PhD researchers using a clinically approved methodology that places the perceptions and experiences of the subject population at the heart of its construction. It identifies and assesses the range and relative importance of seven distinct dimensions which are shown to impact adversely on the perceived well-being of student researchers across all stages of their studies. According to the findings, the well-being of doctoral students comprises needs relating to development, facilities, home and health, research, social, supervisor and university. The instrument was found to demonstrate good content validity and internal reliability. Its use offers new insights into the experiences of early career researchers and may inform efforts to better support them. This, in turn, may have a positive impact upon retention levels and future career choices for this research population.     

从哲学的意义世界到道德教育的意义世界

对意义问题的研究比较系统而又深入的要数哲学。哲学界关于意义问题的研究成果给道德教育带来了极大的启示。在道德教育中关注意义是道德及道德教育的本真体现;是青少年道德成长及人性完善的必要元素;是来自学校德育的现实呼唤;是挽救当下青少年意义危机的最有效途径。     

The PhD – is it out of alignment?

ABSTRACT

Globally there is recognition that doctoral programmes need to offer the opportunity for career pathways beyond academia, as PhD graduates are entering a range of careers. Consequently, some doctoral programmes now provide opportunities to develop a broader skill set. However, most PhD programmes in the United Kingdom and Australasia still concentrate on disciplinary knowledge and developing research skills. Moreover, the assessment has remained narrowly focused on a written thesis and an oral examination. Here we apply the notion of ‘constructive alignment’ to doctoral education and find that, even in terms of preparing PhD graduates for academic and research careers, the curriculum lacks opportunities to develop and assess relevant skills. The situation is even more extreme for wider careers beyond academia. To achieve alignment, we suggest providing more structured learning opportunities and personalised professional development plans with formative portfolios. If wanting true alignment in the PhD, a portfolio would be the summative assessment, but this is likely a step too far for a conservative academy.     

The heart of ESD: personally engaging learners with sustainability

Education for sustainable development aims to help learners engage with the concept of sustainability. This paper considers whether specific values-centred sustainability training techniques can promote personal engagement with sustainability when undertaken by higher education students on an extra-curricular voluntary basis. Conducted over an eight-month period, the study evaluates the impact of the training on 67 second year undergraduate design and engineering students at Plymouth University using pre- and post-training values and worldview scales measured against a control group. Four months after the training, one-to-one interviews were conducted with a subset of the sample. A quantitative analysis of the values and worldview surveys indicates that a degree of values clarification and mind-set shift resulted from the training, with design students appearing more receptive than those studying engineering. This finding was reinforced in the interview data, which illustrates where and how learners engaged with the training and provides examples of learners deep thought, reflection and mind-set changes.     

论教育的生活意义和生活的教育意义

教育与生活既有本质的区别,又有内在的联系,其本质的联系就体现在：教育与生活的互动,即教育具有生活意义,生活具有教育意义,生活教育与教育生活便从不同角度蕴含着双重意义,发挥生活的教育意义和教育的生活意义,对深化当前基础教育改革具有深远的意义,是实现伯价值生命不可或缺的。     

博士生培养过程中的若干问题分析与建议

随着博士生培养规模的不断扩大,提高博士生培养质量已成为社会各界的迫切要求.博士生培养质量要靠整个培养过程来保证.本文结合作者自身博士求学体验,针对博士生课程学习阶段和论文研究阶段存在的问题进行了深入分析,并提出了建议.     

伦敦大学教育学院的博士生培养及其特色

英国伦敦大学教育学院作为一流的教育和研究中心,其博士生培养工作在英国始终名列前茅。其灵活、多样且注重质量的培养体制,严格的中期学术检查和评估,以能力为本的教育方针,对我国博士生的培养工作有很多启示。     

Completing a PhD by publication: a review of Australian policy and implications for practice

There is increasing impetus for higher-degree-by-research students to publish during candidature. Research performance, including higher degree completions and publication output, commonly determines university funding, and doctorates with publishing experience are better positioned for a career in softening academic labour markets. The PhD by Publication provides a pathway for candidates to foster and demonstrate their publishing capabilities. It also provides existing academics a means of achieving doctoral status while managing the ‘publish or perish’ milieu endemic to their work. This paper clarifies the precise nature and significance of the PhD by Publication pathway in the Australian context and discusses the associated benefits and problems, enriched by personal experience. It summarises factors pertinent to assessing the pathway's suitability. The review of current policy suggests institutional guidelines in universities nationwide are inadequate for producing theses of comparable quality to conventional dissertations and capitalising on the pathway's significant benefits.     

博士学位论文质量保障的实践与反思

博士学位论文是博士生教育的标志性成果,因此,通过对博士学位论文质量保障措施的研究与实践,积极探索适合我国博士生教育发展现状的学位论文质量保障机制,对于提高博士生教育质量具有十分重要的意义.     

数学的意义与数学教育的价值

关于数学的意义,数学界缺乏面向公众的,正确而简明易懂的解释。数学最重要的特征是其研究对象的抽象性。在历史上,数学是重要的,在高科技的如今,同样重要。中学数学教育的目的包括三个方面:传授初等数学知识;进行逻辑推理训练;培养科学精神。     

我国书院的教育智慧及其当代意义

书院是我国古代特有的教育组织形式,具有鲜明的办学特色和高超的教育智慧。强调以人为本的教育理念,倡导学术自由和创新,注重尊师爱生,建立师生情谊。这些教育经验和智慧对当代高等教育的发展具有积极的意义。     

人类学在大学通识教育中的价值与意义

人类学兼具自然科学与人文社会科学双重属性,对人类进化、社会构成、文化发展等问题都有系统而全面的学科解释,体现出其他学科少有的理性与人文思考相结合的思维特征和对人类社会的整体关怀。人类学强调的文化相对主义、种族平等观、个人、集体与环境的整体主义视角对当代社会具有极强的警世性。将人类学纳入大学通识教育中,既可以令通识教育更系统、规范,更具学理性的深层思考,也可令人类学这门学科在当代中国社会获得更大的活动空间。     

以就业为导向发展职业教育的积极意义

就业乃民生之本，以就业为导向发展职业教育是特定历史时期的一项战略举措，就业是职业教育的重要社会功能之一；以就业为导向发展职业教育很好地促进了个体职业的社会化，它担负着把可能的劳动力转化为能够满足各种社会需要的现实职业者的任务，是实现人的全面发展的一种具体形式；以就业为导向发展职业教育是当下服务于解决大多数人的就业和民生问题，是和谐社会建设中的关键一环。     

《随想录》意义探析

巴金的《随想录》，充溢着这位世纪作家的善良、悲悯与博爱。《随想录》之所以被誉为“中国当代文坛的高峰”之作，在于它是“力透纸背、情透纸背、热透纸背”的“讲真话”的大书。     

浅谈素质的科学含义及其与教育的关系

素质的形成与教育密不可分，本文就素质的科学含义和先天素质与教育、身心素质与教育、德才素质与教育、民族素质与教育四个方面进行了探讨，以便在教育工作中因势利导，正确施教。     

Factors contributing to high PhD completion rates: a case study in a research-intensive university in New Zealand

This exploratory study determined PhD completions at a research-intensive university in New Zealand and considered factors affecting PhD completions. Completion data were calculated for PhD cohorts at the University of Otago from 2000 to 2012 (n = 2770) and survival models determined whether gender, enrolment status, age at admission, citizenship, scholarship status and academic field influenced completion. The impact of the doctoral programme and the research environment was also considered. Across all cohorts, 83% submitted their thesis for examination (17% withdrawal). The median submission time was 3.4 years for full-timers, with a median completion time (to award of degree) of 4.1 years. Survival modelling showed that completion can be enhanced by having mainly full-time candidates, but also allowing periods of part-time enrolment near submission, recruiting a large international cohort, and providing three year scholarships. Health science candidates had the highest submission percentages, while commerce candidates submitted in the fastest times. There were only minor or negligible effects of gender and age at admission. Other factors contributing to high submission rates included recruiting quality candidates, close monitoring during candidature, provision of research training, a vibrant research culture, a personal performance coach, high-quality supervision and funding incentives for candidates who submit in under four years.     

International mobility of PhD students since the 1990s and its effect on China: a cross-national analysis

ABSTRACT

Of all the levels of education, doctoral education is the most internationalised. By selecting one key indicator (the proportion of international students among a country’s doctorate recipients), the article presents an analysis of PhD students’ international mobility. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s, many barriers to the international mobility of PhD students were removed, leading to an even larger flow of students. From 2000 to 2012, the international mobility of PhD students reached a new peak, with a significant increase in the percentage going to Japan, France, Canada, Germany, the United Kingdom and Australia. Nowadays, China has become the largest source of international doctoral students. In that process, a number of excellent students go abroad to study for foreign doctoral degrees. On one hand, the loss of excellent students is harmful to China’s PhD training system, but on the other hand, it is a great opportunity for China to change brain drain into brain gain by making full use of the knowledge diaspora scattered around the world.