沙陀改姓的原因

墨离军在瓜州附近,朱邪部首领沙陀金山是在长安二年(702年)西迁到处月故地,并担任金满洲都督。为了更好统领该地域的沙陀部落,改姓为"沙陀",自此,沙陀部与朱邪部开始合流,合流后的部族简称为"沙陀"。后在东迁归顺唐朝的过程中,为了与未西迁的原朱邪部落合流,再一次改姓"朱邪",但并未改变其"沙陀"的称号。     

唐末五代沙陀集团中的粟特人及其汉化

在唐末藩镇割据的状况下，沙陀作为一支政治力量异军突起，并在唐末五代政治生活中表现出非常重要的作用，但在沙陀人中，就有许多粟特人，其中绝大部分是在六胡州判叛乱之后而逐渐融入沙陀的，最初他们是以部落的形式存在于沙陀之中，此后这一部落逐渐演变为一地方行政机构，并最后消失，这一过程，体现出粟特人的沙陀化及最终与沙陀的融为一体，在五代后期，随着沙陀的汉化，这些粟特人也进一步融合于汉民族之中。     

一代豪酋李克用的汉化

沙陀族首领、晋王李克用是唐朝沙陀汉化的关键人物和奠基者,他个人的汉化前后反差很大,也最具传奇色彩。文章从个人思想、个人官位、沙陀族军事角色、沙陀族民族身份地位四个变化过程来探讨李克用个人汉化的特点,揭示了他独特的汉化表现,诠释了他如何从桀骜不逊的少数民族豪酋汉化为忠心耿耿的唐臣,以此窥视此时期沙陀族和其它少数民族汉化的特点。     

一代豪酋李克用的汉化

沙陀族首领、晋王李克用是唐朝沙陀汉化的关键人物和奠基者,他个人的汉化前后反差很大,也最具传奇色彩.文章从个人思想、个人官位、沙陀族军事角色、沙陀族民族身份葺地位四个变化过程来探讨李克用个人汉化的特点,揭示了他独特的汉化表现,诠释了他如何从桀骜不逊的少数民族豪酋汉化为忠心耿耿的唐臣,以此窥视此时期沙陀族和其它少数民族汉化的特点.     

练习13 古代诗歌阅读（2）

<正>(一)阅读下面这首诗歌,完成1～2题。出八达岭刘迎山险略巳出,弥望尽荒坡。风土日巳殊,气象微沙陀¹。我老倦行役,驱车此经过。时节春已夏,土寒地无禾。行路不肯留,奈此居人何。作诗无佳语,以代劳者歌。【注】(1)沙陀：我国古代部族名,为西突厥别部,     

沙陀族的早期活动及东迁

沙陀是西突厥的一支,唐初活动在西北地区,安史之乱后附于吐蕃,徙居甘州。宪宗元和年间,东迁归唐,开始发展壮大。本文对沙陀在此期间的活动及未明问题进行了探讨。     

西域籍沙陀人在中原称帝及其历史作用

初唐时期,生活在新疆天山以北今吉木萨尔一带的沙陀人,归服朝廷,其首领屡受封赠。中唐以后,沙陀人朱耶氏因参加制服藩镇割据,平定庞勋之乱,战功卓,被皇帝赐姓李氏。此后的后晋,后汉,以及“十国”当中的北汉,都是汉陀人建立的。     

“华夷之辨”与唐末五代士人的华夷观——士人群体对沙陀政权的认同

唐末五代士人对沙陀政权的认同，是与他们的国家观、正统观、华夷观密切相关的，也是沙陀人汉化的结果。士人们继承并进一步发挥了先秦儒家“用夏变夷”的思想，结合现实，提出了以儒家“礼义”、“仁义忠信”作为区别华、夷的最高乃至唯一标准；沙陀人则在内附后由“在蕃”到“入附”、“熟户”，成为唐朝的“王人”、“百姓”，并最终与汉族融合。沙陀政权由此也得到了汉族士人群体的认同。     

苦难的史诗──论《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》

陀思妥耶夫斯基的《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》是一部苦难的史诗,让人们认识什么是真正的苦难,并告诉人们在没有上帝的世界中,应该怎样克服世界的荒诞和"卡拉马佐夫式的气质"：那就是象基督一样为信仰受难。《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》并不是一部"复调小说",而是陀思妥耶夫斯基用特殊方式写成的"启示录"。     

印度与七国签署谅解备忘录以重建纳兰陀大学

<正>据印度《商业标准报》2013年10月28日报道,在当日举行的东亚峰会上,印度与澳大利亚、柬埔寨、新加坡、文莱、新西兰、老挝和缅甸七国签署谅解备忘录。该备忘录的主要内容是"纳兰陀大学计划",即在古老的纳兰陀大学遗址附近———印度东北部比哈尔市,重建这所大学,将新建的纳兰陀大学打造成一所具有国际声望的学术机构,这些国家承诺将全力支持这项宏伟工程。会上,印度总理曼莫汉·辛格向支持"纳兰陀大学计划"的国家表达了谢意。他说:"我要向本次东亚峰会中支持将纳兰陀大学重建为     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.