Ethnic Identity in Everyday Life: The Influence of Identity Development Status

The current study explores the intersection of ethnic identity development and significance in a sample of 354 diverse adolescents (mean age 14). Adolescents completed surveys five times a day for 1 week. Cluster analyses revealed four identity clusters: diffused, foreclosed, moratorium, and achieved. Achieved adolescents reported the highest levels of identity salience across situations, followed by moratorium adolescents. Achieved and moratorium adolescents also reported a positive association between identity salience and private regard. For foreclosed and achieved adolescents reporting low levels of centrality, identity salience was associated with lower private regard. For foreclosed and achieved adolescents reporting high levels of centrality, identity salience was associated with higher private regard.     

性别、抑郁、自尊与体像评价：关于大学生体像的调查研究

从性别分析的角度 ,对大学生的体像评价及其与自尊、抑郁水平的关系进行了问卷调查。研究表明 :1.不同性别被访者在体像态度、体像评价、求瘦行为、减肥方式等方面存在显著差异 ;2 .低体像评价与低自尊、高抑郁水平之间存在显著相关性。     

女性主义视野中的妇科、性别与身体——关于《繁盛之阴：中国医学史中的性（9601665年）》

美国学者费侠莉教授(Charlotte Furth)的<繁盛之阴:中国医学史中的性(960-1665年)>通过对宋元明代这一漫长时期丰富但被忽略了的妇科知识传统的考察,着力探讨中国古代女性在中医学中所承当的性别角色和身体观念的演变.该书采取女性主义视角,而非纯粹技术史的方法,通过对宋元明时期理学压抑下女性俗世生活的分析,以及杂病遮蔽下中医妇科的成长,将与医学史相关的话题置于社会、家庭、性别中加以探讨,同时,也找到了深入解读中国医学学术性格的"钥匙".     

性别、文化、身份:美国华裔文学的空间解读

身处截然不同的两种文化背景下的美国华裔作家,带着“身份意识”感,用独特的视角讲述华裔在边缘状态下的生存与生活,其作品受到国内外很多专家学者的关注.本文运用空间理论,从性别属性、文化属性、身份属性等角度来对美国华裔文学作一分析,从而理解其多样化和包容性特征.     

阶层、身体、欲望:“新维多利亚小说”中的性别政治

以拜厄特和沃特斯为首的当代英国女作家所创作的"新维多利亚小说"凸显了维多利亚时代的性别政治。"新维多利亚小说"从维多利亚女性的经济依附与性别话语权、"性别规范"下的"身体欲望"、通灵术与女性诉求这几个层面将女性的历史和身份重新概念化,在对历史的重述当中进行着女性的自我意识和主体的构建。     

Infant Temperament: Stability by Age,Gender, Birth Order,Term Status,and Socioeconomic Status

Two complementary studies focused on stability of infant temperament across the 1st year and considered infant age, gender, birth order, term status, and socioeconomic status (SES) as moderators. Study 1 consisted of 73 mothers of firstborn term girls and boys queried at 2, 5, and 13 months of age. Study 2 consisted of 335 mothers of infants of different gender, birth order, term status, and SES queried at 6 and 12 months. Consistent positive and negative affectivity factors emerged at all time points across both studies. Infant temperament proved stable and robust across gender, birth order, term status, and SES. Stability coefficients for temperament factors and scales were medium to large for shorter (< 9 months) interassessment intervals and small to medium for longer (> 10 months) intervals.     

《爱情万岁》:性别、身体与生命

台湾导演蔡明亮在电影《爱情万岁》中,对爱情叙事的重构不但质疑其流行价值,而且进一步激活对性别、身体、生命等相关概念的再释。爱情被视为一种强制性异性恋规范,而情欲中的同性恋、双性恋倾向消解动摇了其无可置疑的基础地位。同时作为性别与性欲核心的身体,早已被文化铭刻。身体必须努力向他者身体开放,才能发出自己的告白。因此关于性别与身体的种种批评应被理解对束缚生命/生活的规范、限制的质问。     

Adolescent Gender-Role Identity and Mental Health: Gender Intensification Revisited

Gender intensification, an increased pressure for adolescents to conform to culturally sanctioned gender roles, has been posited as an explanation for the emergence of the gender difference in depression. This longitudinal study assessed whether 410 individuals became more stereotypical in their gender-role identity across adolescence and whether such patterns predicted depressive symptoms. Girls reported higher femininity than boys at ages 11, 13, and 15, but girls and boys did not differ in masculinity. Contrary to prevailing views, there was not evidence of intensification in femininity or masculinity. Positive trajectories in masculinity for both girls and boys predicted fewer depressive symptoms, particularly at moderate levels of stress. Findings suggest a need to reconceptualize gender intensification in ways that characterize contemporary adolescence.     

身份、差异与认同:当代多元文化主义的公民观

族群身份是当代多元文化主义的核心概念,其实质是一种特殊的公民身份.针对自由主义的普遍公民观,多元文化主义提出差异公民观,在承认公民平等权利的基础上,强调族群差异的公共性,同时,主张族群认同是国家认同的必要前提,国家认同是族群差异的精神基础.对于公民与国家的关系,多元文化主义倡导积极国家观,认为国家应在保障少数权利方面有所作为.差异公民观及在此基础上形成的差异政治观,对当代多族群国家的族群政治具有积极的启示意义.     

赛博空间的性别身份认同——对网络女尊小说的批判性反思

全球化时代,女性文学在赛博空间获得长足发展。基于女性创作和阅读体验的女尊小说,是女性文学独有的原创网络小说类型,体现出女性文学性别身份的建构和性别主体意识的张扬,一定程度上对传统性别观念起到了反叛和颠覆的作用。从对女尊小说的创作特点、偏差和旨归的分析,可见以现实男性为描写主体的网络女尊小说,实际上是通过两性关系的易位构造出了一个女尊男卑的虚拟世界。然而,女尊小说表面上宣扬解放女性,张扬女性身份认同,实际上却仍在强化既有的社会权力结构,反映出男权社会的现实景象,值得反思。     

知识教学中“身体”的偏移及矫正

长期以来,身体只是作为心灵的物质载体存在于知识教学世界中,处于"被用"而"不知"的状态,最终造成身体的压抑乃至消隐。基于"身体认知"、"身体场"等理论视角,在知识教学中应重建"身体"概念。知识教学的目的,绝非"心灵成长、身体遭罪"。知识教学的身体检视,不仅在于将身体认知作为一个新的问题域,更应从"抽象主体"回归"身体主体",并据此观照当下知识教学中的身体遭遇,给身体一个舒适性存在。     

民族身份与性别表述的建构与交融——以满族女作家叶广芩为例

在多元文化语境下,少数民族女性在民族文化历史背景下进行着不懈的精神探索,不断思考并建构着属于自己的民族身份。她们关注女性自身,致力于对民族文化的继承和弘扬,将对民族、家族与性别的关注与个人生命体验胶合在一起,并自觉地将民族叙事与女性叙事相结合,实现了民族身份与性别表述的建构与交融。满族女作家叶广芩的小说创作生动地体现了这一点。     

学校日常生活中的身体

通过把微观的学校日常生活场景和宏观的社会结构联结起来分析的方式,从教育社会学的角度考察了盛行于小学日常生活中约束身体的规矩及规矩的意涵;规矩如何渗透在活动、时间与空间中对身体进行规训;学校日常生活中的规矩与社会结构之关系及身体规训的社会控制意义。发现学校教育的实质是通过身体规训来达到“教育人”的目的,小学教育对社会控制的最大贡献就在于通过身体控制把个体初步整合进社会结构中。     

Racial and Gender Identity Among Black Adolescent Males: An Intersectionality Perspective

A considerable amount of social identity research has focused on race and racial identity, while gender identity, particularly among Black adolescents, remains underexamined. The current study used survey data from 183 Black adolescent males (13–16 years old) to investigate the development and relation between racial and gender identity centrality and private regard, and how these identities impact adjustment over time. It was found that dimensions of racial and gender identity were strongly correlated. Levels of racial centrality increased over time while gender centrality, and racial and gender private regard declined. In addition, racial and gender identity uniquely contributed to higher levels of psychological well‐being and academic adjustment. These findings are discussed within the context of existing identity theories and intersectionality theory.     

Artist or Art Teacher: The Role of Gender in Identity Formation and Career Choice

This interview-based research study examines gender differences in the experiences and self-perception of art teachers and their attitudes about the often conflicting dual creative and professional roles they inhabit.     

《姨妈的后现代生活》身份认同分析

影片《姨妈的后现代生活》为我们讲述了姨妈悲喜交迭的“后现代生活”,悲喜交迭的背后隐藏的是姨妈面对现实处境以及历史问题的困惑与失落,其实质乃是身份认同的撕裂与失败——嫉妈付出了抛夫弃女的沉痛代价却未能真正完成对上海的身份认同,梦想破灭后,姨妈的落脚地仍然是多年前她头也不回离开的鞍山,对梦想的激情追逐最终让位于对生存现状的妥协与麻木。     

家庭在市场经济中的民事主体地位初探

分析市场经济主体的特征以及家庭可以作为市场经济主体的法理基础和法律依据,探讨家庭成为市场经济中的民事主体的现实基础和制度基础.     

论国家认同、民族认同及文化认同——一种基于历史哲学的分析与思考

人类是一种历史性的存在,因此人的认同问题必须从历史发展的角度去看。在经济全球化的现时代,人员、信息与货物的跨国流动,使人们的身份认同、文化认同和国家认同日益成为一个必须时刻思考和作出选择的问题,人们都会遇到文化认同、民族认同和国家认同的问题。在文化认同与民族(族群)认同、国家认同的关系,在全球化背景下如何强化国家认同的维度上,从发展的角度看,我们必须把国家认同放在高于民族(族群)认同的地位,这就是说,族群的认同不能超越或凌驾于国家认同之上,国家的文化认同必须大于族群的文化认同;应该通过构造中华民族文化共同的文化基础和文化象征符号的重建,增加民族认同与国家认同的重叠内容,以形成统一的中华民族共同体。必须把经济社会的区域均衡发展置于今后工作的重心位置,并且通过人口的流动促进人民之间的交流与文化融合;强化国家认同还必须有政策和法规的支撑,譬如,共同的语言、政治仪式、文化符号等等的规定。总之,在历史进程之中,我们必须把国家认同置于文化认同之上,用公民的国家认同促进文化认同。     

The Effects of Age,Gender, and Economic Status on Generosity in the Presence of Exchange: A Pilot Study

In this field experiment, a confederate asked participants to provide a quarter for the confederate to make a telephone call. In the experimental condition, based on the concept of exchange, the confederate offered participants twenty-five pennies for the quarter. The researchers found that there was a significant difference in whether or not the confederate offered the pennies. Eighty-five percent of the participants complied when offered the pennies, while only 35 percent complied without the offer of exchange. Gender was not a factor. Participants over sixty-years-old complied more often than any other age group. Economic status was a factor in that those in the middle range tended to comply more often than those at either the low end or the upper end.