Increased national security controls on scientific communication

During the past few years, efforts have been underway to increase national security controls on scientific communication. In many regards, the situation is a repetition of a policy conflict that occurred with the onset of the Cold War almost forty years ago. The integrity of science will not be enhanced by increased national security controls on scientific communication. Designed to impede our adversaries in the international arena, such restrictions can severely curtail U.S. scientific achievement and progress, with consequential harm to the intellectual and economic, as well as military security of the nation. Both the historical background of this issue and the current controversy are explored here.     

档案数字化的质量和安全保密控制

档案数字化是数字档案建设最基础的工作,本文首先简要介绍了我国档案数字化的现状,在此基础上,分别对档案数字化的质量控制和安全保密控制的内容和手段进行重点阐述,以期为确保数字化工作的质量和安全保密性提供一定的参考.     

档案利用中的保密

<中华人民共和国档案法>第十九、二十条规定:国家档案馆保管的档案,一般应自形成之日起满30年向社会开放.经济、科学、技术、文化等类档案的开放期限,可以少于30年,涉及国家安全或者重大利益以及其他到期不宜开放的档案向社会开放的期限,可以多于30年.机关、团体、企业事业单位和其他组织以及根据经济建设、国防建设、教学科研和其他各项工作的需要,可以按照有关的规定,利用档案馆未开放的档案以及有关机关、团体、企业事业单位和其他组织保存的档案.这样,在档案利用过程中,必须根据有关规定,对档案进行保密.     

Shrouding the endless frontier—Scientific communication and national security: Considerations for a policy balance sheet

Various normal and essential scientific communication activities, including unclassified research dissemination, publication, and exchanges in the open classroom and among scholars, have been limited recently by the Federal government through more vigorous enforcement and stringent application of existing national security controls. These actions are prompted by a growing anxiety about the acquisition of American science and technology by the Soviet Union and its Warsaw Pact allies. Such controls, however, may have a restrictive effect not only on scientific communication, but also on scientific achievement and advancement in the United States. Recognizing this danger, certain countervailing ideas are recounted and discussed here as points of balance both to justifications for these recent limitations and to arguments favoring even broader government authority to constrain scientific communication for reasons of national security.     

网络环境下政府信息资源的共享与保密

本文分析了政府信息资源的类型，探讨了网络环境下政府信息资源的共享与保密问题，并进一步对其平台进行了设计。     

密级档案可以销毁吗?

近日，本人再次翻阅由中国人民大学出版社出版，邓绍兴、陈智为主编的《档案管理学》1996版时，发现在其教材57页中关于销毁档案的方法提到：“待批准后，一般可将需要销毁的档案送造纸工厂作原料。离造纸工厂远的档案馆（室）或被销毁的档案特别机密，亦可自行焚毁。为保守党和国家的机密，严禁将需要销毁的档案作其他用途，更不允许出卖。”这段话让本人产生了疑惑。即密级档案没有价值了吗？为什么要销毁？是否能在没有经历解密、降密、利用等程序过程下而进行直接销毁？     

谈档案保管过程中的保密

档案部门承担着国家档案资源建设和提供档案资源利用服务的职能，要履行好这两大职能，就必须先做好档案的收集、整理、鉴定、保管、统计、提供利用服务的工作，它们当中的每一个步骤都是必不可少的，但做好档案保管中的保密工作，却是重中之重。档案的保管，指根据档案的成分和制成材料，所采取的存放和安全防护措施，防止和减少档案的人力或自然损坏的工作。档案保管得好，就为整个档案工作奠定了良好的物质基础。在此，笔就档案保管中的保密工作，谈谈自己的看法。     

National Security Letters,the USA PATRIOT Act,and the Constitution: The tensions between national security and civil rights

In response to the terrorist attacks of 9/11, the USA PATRIOT Act greatly expanded the ability of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to use National Security Letters (NSLs) in investigations and the contexts in which they could be used by relaxing the standards under which NSLs could be employed. NSLs allow investigators to acquire a significant amount of information about the subject of an investigation, and the range and frequency of uses of NSLs has risen dramatically since the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act. An outstanding question with NSLs is whether they are being used in a manner that violates the First and Fourth Amendments of the Constitution. This article explores the relationships between NSLs, the USA PATRIOT Act, and the Constitution. The paper reviews the legislative history of NSLs, synthesizes the First and Fourth Amendment issues and key judicial decisions related to NSLs, and analyzes the extent to which the USA PATRIOT Act Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 adequately addresses challenges to the constitutionality of NSLs. The paper concludes with an examination of NSLs within the greater information policy context in the United States, as the expanded usage of NSLs—even if entirely constitutional—raises the possibility of chilling the freedom of expression.     

Urban exploration: Secrecy and information creation and sharing in a hobby context

Urban exploration is a hobby that involves visiting and capturing visual images of urban infrastructure often no longer used, including sewers, towers, factories, and military instalments. Hobbyists then frequently share their visual content via social media sites. The urban explorer's multi-layered construction of content offers an important opportunity to understand how people create information and share experiences and content in a hobby context. Data were gathered through face-to-face interviews with 17 urban explorers from Ireland and the United Kingdom and an analysis of urban explorers' digital presence. Results suggest that urban explorers believe their hobby serves both personal and civic purposes. Urban explorers' creative hobby behaviors further lead them to secretive information behaviors.     

国民党特务组织保密局盛衰录(一)

一、 军统局变保密局1945年10月间,国共两党在重庆经过43天的谈判,签订了会议纪要,即《双十协定》,国民党被迫表示同意和平建国的基本方针,承认各党派的平等合作地位。蒋介石迫于形势,不得不表面同意取消特务机关。这时全国舆论呼吁:取消特务机关,还人民的自由!戴笠这个军统头子似乎也有自知之明,抗战胜利后,军统组织难于以原样这样维持下去,打算化整为零,继续死命效忠蒋介石,但是计划没有实行,就在1946年3月17日飞机失事摔死。戴笠一死,国民党统治集团内部立即就有人提出裁减军统组织,乘机来捞一把,或是泄私恨。CC派陈氏兄弟,希望整垮军统…     

国民党特务组织保密局盛衰录(三)

六、公密关系的内幕保密局对外是完全保密性质的,其下属省站,不准公开行使职权,无论是办公地点还是活动方式,都采用秘密形式。此外,保密局秉承军统时与同级多家特务机关横向联系的传统,毛人凤在傅厚岗通往玄武门的那条马路上买了一幢洋房,取名“诚庐”,每月邀请宪兵司令张镇、中央党部党员通讯局(中统局改组)[1]局长叶秀峰、内政部警察总署署长唐纵、国防部第二厅厅长郑介民等到此屋开会一次,统一对付中共和镇压民主爱国运动的步骤。这些在南京的特务机关中央,尽管有各自利害关系,以致互相拆台、火并,但在反共反人民、效忠蒋介石反动政权的…     

国民党特务组织保密局盛衰录(二)

四、保密局本部直属外勤机构概况 在军统局改变成保密局后,据原定计划,保密局对各省的布置只设站一级,作为该局在该省的一个领导机关,对外完全采用秘密形式。在军统局不同时期,省站站长除领导省站这秘密机构外,还要兼任一二个公职,作为身份掩护。然而保密局省站站长则不兼任何公职,也不对外发生关系。但蒋介石发动内战后,保密局各省站站长也随之公开身份,同当地军政机关进行联系。保密局向蒋介石申述,蒋就批准,省站站长可以以军阶兼国防部专员身份出现。原来是少将的,则以少将专员身份公开,原是上校站长的,则以上校专     

购买成功:炫耀性消费广告制造的认同秘密

广告制造的认同可以分为三个层次,其代表性形式为炫耀性消费广告,这种广告制造的认同秘密在于促使消费者购买成功,由此导致了理论、实践的内部冲突以及理论与实践之间的矛盾。本文认为,这种矛盾是由于发展中的认同理论难以有效解决个体认同和集体认同之间的内部差异所导致的。     

红色经典与民族精神

一大批以红色经典小说改编的电视剧问世,引起人们的浓厚兴趣.其实,红色经典出现的新的热潮,绝对不是偶然的,因为,红色经典小说中贯穿着我们当今这个社会人们最需要的民族精神,蕴含着我们的民族魂.     

信息网络安全问题及其对策

本文论述了网络安全的相关概念、黑客技术与攻击手段以及构筑网络安全防线过程中应考虑的几个方面的问题.     

电子档案的安全与防范

原始的文件、档案是客观情况的真实反映,因此它具有法律凭证作用.纸质文件与纸质档案是通过形式原始性来确认其内容的原始性,电子文件与电子档案无固定形式,就完全靠技术、制度及对参与处置人员的教育和管理来确保它内容的原始性.     

信息素质教育与公安院校教育改革

本文论述信息素质与公安院校教育改革的关系、在教学环节树立信息观念及培养信息意识、在课程设置中让学生掌握信息知识及具备信息能力、在实践环节中提高信息综合运用能力，探索一条向新形势、新时期公安实战输送高素质公安人才的新路。     

Executive coordination and oversight of security classification administration

Despite its critical importance to the nation, the information security or security classification system under every presidential administration since World War II has been subjected to criticism about its scope and purpose. In the past few years, the tension between access to government information and the protection of national security has increased. Today, the Information Security Oversight Office serves to help ease that tension. Through various oversight initiatives, it strives to limit the extraordinary protection of national security classification to only that very sensitive information that merits such shelter.