Problematical aspects of expatriate educational research with and in developing countries

Discussions of the problems of expatriate educational research with and in developing countries are at the core of this paper. How should a research project be set up? Who should initiate it and finance it? How does it fit into an overall development strategy? These and other questions are analysed sensitively and with understanding. The paper also examines how research questions should be formulated and how the research should be designed. Inevitably there are hidden objectives which do not appear explicit in the early stages. There are yet others which should be made explicit. Problems also arise over collecting and disseminating data, especially when the time comes to publish a report. So often political and other considerations influence the final report. Ultimately, however, the success or failure and the value or otherwise of any research depends on an intricate web of relationships, at the heart of which must be mutual trust.     

Conditions of educational research with and in developing countries (Konferenzbericht)

Ohne Zusammenfassung

---

Conditions of educational research with and in developing countries (Konferenzbericht)

     

Child development in developing countries: child rights and policy implications

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was used to provide information on feeding practices, caregiving, discipline and violence, and the home environment for young children across 28 countries. The findings from the series of studies in this Special Section are the first of their kind because they provide information on the most proximal context for development of the youngest children in the majority world using one of the only data sets to study these contexts across countries. Using the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in particular the Rights to Survival, Development and Protection, findings are explained with implications for international and national-level social policies. Implications are also discussed, with respect to policy makers and the larger international community, who have the obligation to uphold these rights.     

Mobiles for literacy in developing countries: An effectiveness framework

In recent years, the advent of low-cost digital and mobile devices has led to a strong expansion of social interventions, including those that try to improve student learning and literacy outcomes. Many of these are focused on improving reading in low-income countries, and particularly among the most disadvantaged. Some of these early efforts have been called successful, but little credible evidence exists for those claims. Drawing on a robust sample of projects in the domain of mobiles for literacy, this article introduces a design solution framework that combines intervention purposes with devices, end users, and local contexts. In combination with a suggested set of purpose-driven methods for monitoring and evaluation, this new framework provides useful parameters for measuring effectiveness in the domain of mobiles for literacy.     

Some critical issues in the training of educational administrators for developing countries of Africa

In this article the author discusses some critical issues in the design and implementation of training programmes for future educational administrators in Africa. Such issues include the determination of skills and competencies required by these administrators, the sociocultural awareness resulting from exposure to the training programme, the discernment of educational purposes, specialisation by sector and function, education for responsible and ethical behaviour, and problems related to the organisation of training programmes, and the certification and placement of the new crop of educational administrators. The discussion focuses on public education systems generally, but draws on the author's impressions and observations about English-speaking Africa.     

The counselor as an agent of change: Some implications for developing countries

Summary This paper discusses the counselor's role as an agent of change in developing countries. Its main thesis is that the social and political systems in developing countries present special limitations for the counselor as an agent of change. Some alternatives which suggest ways to deal with these limitations are shown.Kuwait UniversityNinth International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, Thessaloniki, Greece, April 1980.     

Current and recent educational research with and in developing countries by U.K. researchers

This paper examines some of the major areas of educational research in developing countries undertaken by British researchers during the past decade. It does so, on the basis of research themes, rather than of specific research projects, since these highlight both areas of need and of interest amongst British academics. It highlights the loneliness and isolation of many researchers and urges closer collaboration and team work in different facets of educational development.     

Links in the chain of doing: The ethics of introducing educational technology in developing countries

Conclusion Anyone responsible for introducing educational technology to educators in developing countries needs to understand how limited, and limiting, their choices may be. Only when we consider the cultural values and belief systems embedded within the curricula, hardware, software, and processes that accompany this integration can we fully understand the limitations of these choices and their impact upon students. As responsible educators we must be cognizant of the thought collectives that shape our attitudes toward technology in the classroom. We should acknowledge that every piece of educational technology represents the collaborative effort of people shaped by a technological sub-culture that champions innovation, efficiency, and productivity. Initiation to this subculture means acceptance of a binary system of collecting, organizing, and retrieving information, all of which compels one to perceive the world through technological filters such as databases and Web browsers. This particular thought collective is foreign to many educators from the developing nations of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. They may not fully understand the culture that engendered the technological chain of doing, but their resistance signals a desire to preserve their own culture rather than become yet another link in that chain. Rather than dismiss their resistance to technological innovations, we ought to engage in frank discussions about the ramifications of integrating educational technology. In order to demonstrate sensitivity to world cultures, and introduce educational technology in an ethical fashion, educators need to be aware of the choices that the chain of doing often makes for us, and draw attention to these choices for those who remain most vulnerable to them.     

Recent educational research on developing countries by German researchers: A survey of the literature

How have recent trends in German educational research applied to developing countries? In order to outline the immediate state of this research in the FRG (1980–1983), the contribution first gives a brief review of its process from the beginning. The first part examines educational research until 1980, and then differentiates three main types of research on educational problems in Third World countries (on the implementation of projects; on the evaluation of education programmes and measures of educational aid; on education systems and the correlation between education and development). Through a survey of the literature published since 1980, the article aims to give an idea of the contemporary topics of this research and furthermore tries to show how German educationists try to come to terms with the failures of educational aid projects, also how they try to construct new and adequate theoretical models.     

发展中国家与地区企业组织演化:一个解释框架

与发达国家及地区的企业相比较,发展中国家及地区企业面临的市场条件、宏观政策环境、体制约束与所要解决的利益冲突均存在着自身的特点,在企业组织形态、演化动力、演化机制及途径等方面存在着自身的一系列复杂性与特殊性,考虑到发达国家及地区的企业组织形式演化的历史实践以及俄罗斯、东欧等地快速私有化的教训,在企业组织演化的进程中,发展中国家与地区不能照搬发达地区的企业组织模式.而是必须结合本国的经济体制、制度特征及经济发展战略进行有效的自主创新.     

Methodological issues in the evaluation of educational programmes in developing countries from the perspective of evaluatees and their settings

Evaluation is an integral component of most educational programmes in developing countries both for theoretical and pragmatic reasons. The evaluator's choice of the methodology and model are contingent on the level of centrality assigned to the evaluatees' perspectives, the evaluator's own perspective, training, the nature and content of the programme and the complex interrelationships among different agencies and actors. The methodological challenges are discussed from the evaluatee's perspective on the basis of six evaluations of the National Adult Education Programme in India.     

从半岛电视台看发展中国家如何提高国际传播力

本文从半岛电视台的成功崛起出发,探讨发展中国家尤其是我国如何提高国际传播力,与发达国家在话语空间抗衡。