The Learning Society,the Unfinished Cosmopolitan,and Governing Education,Public Health and Crime Prevention at the Beginning of the Twenty‐First Century

The ‘learning society’ expresses principles of a universal humanity and a promise of progress that seem to transcend the nation. The paper indicates how this society is governed in the name of a cosmopolitan ideal that despite its universal pretensions embodies particular inclusions and exclusions. These occur through inscribing distinctions and differentiations between the characteristics of those who embody a cosmopolitan reason that brings social progress and personal fulfilment and those who do not embody the cosmopolitan principles of civility and normalcy. Mapping the circulation of the notion of the ‘learning society’ in arenas of Swedish health and criminal justice, and Swedish and US school reforms is to examine the mode of life of the citizen of this society, the learner, as an ‘unfinished cosmopolitanism’ and also directs attention to its ‘other(s)’—those that are outside.     

世纪的选择:优先发展教育--《教育-财富蕴藏在其中》读后感

1996年4月,联合国教科文组织公开发表的最重要报告,它提出了21世纪教育的战略思想和行动建议,提供了未来教育革新的理论基础,对世界上各个国家教育的发展均具有重要指导意义。该书对整个教育系统的发展与革新提出了一系列的目标。该报告的内容涉及面很广,涵盖了未来教育改革和发展的主要方面,并从理论与实际相结合上提出了迎接挑战的对策建议。     

20世纪初中国的两次宪政改革及其启示

20世纪初晚清宪政与40年代国民党宪政这两次失败的宪政改革具有许多相似之处。(一)在背景条件上，首先都由经济发展引起的社会结构变化促成改革的启动；其次严重的民族危机成为改革的直接原因；再次都有国内多重利益集团向统治提出挑战。(二)在过程特点上，两次宪政改革都具有一定的长期性和曲折性，都具有广泛的社会参与，而统治阶层都是既保守又无能。(三)两次宪政改革给我们如下启示，民主力量是巨大的，民主潮流不可抗拒；只有代表民意顺应潮流；现代化事业必须有人民的广泛和自愿参与才能实现。     

新世纪工程教育改革与发展趋势

通过论述科学与工程的区别、现代工程的特点,指出了目前我国工程教育存在的问题,阐述了我国工程教育需要改革的主要方面和改革的方向。     

21世纪初我国社会体育指导员队伍建设的几点构想

随着社会经济发展和受教育人口的增加 ,我国社会体育发展将发生显著变化 ,社会体育专业人才发展要与之相适应 ,为此 ,我国社会体育指导员队伍建设要有适度的规模 ,逐步优化的结构 ,合理布局 ,开放的管理 ,多样化的培养形式 ,以及立法保障     

教育与社会共变格局与过程

教育与社会变迁是从动态的视角考察教育与社会的关系。在分析两种偏颇论点的基础上，指出教育与社会是一种共变的关系。从格局的层面考察教育与社会的四种对应的格局；从过程的视角考察教育与社会共变的历程。     

新世纪日本教育改革的总体规划与农业教育的发展特点

改变严重滞后于时代发展和科技进步的日本教育体制，使其与经济全球化和信息一体化相适应，是日本政府大力推进《21世纪日本教育新生计划》并组织实施的根本目的。本文介绍了日本教育改革的现状、日本专家学者及有识之士对教育改革的看法，分析了农业职业教育改革与发展的特点，提出了亟待研究和解决的教育改革新课题。     

Historicizing the Future: Educational Reform, Systems of Reason, and the Making of Children Who are the Future Citizens

Educational reform and reformist research are not merely about school improvement. They embody a field of cultural practices that constitutes the objects of schooling – the teacher who administers the reforms to the child and the distinctions and differentiations about who the child is and should be. Our interest is in the rules and standards of reason assembled through the cultural practices of school reform. Reason is a cultural practice functioning to enact a change in the conditions of people but also invests people with particular capacities and capabilities. This investiture of capacities and capabilities produces particular human kinds or categories of the determinant qualities of the individuals schools administer. Using studies of educational governance and social inclusion/exclusion in Europe and on US educational reform, the discussion focuses on the overlapping practices of system management and curriculum reforms that map different human kinds. One human kind is the child as a lifelong learner, an individual whose qualities entail actively and flexibly participating in communities through problem-solving strategies. The characteristics and qualities of the lifelong learner are differentiated from those who do not embody the norms of participation –the child left behind. The study of the systems of reason that govern the objects of reflection and rectification in school reforms is a strategy to consider the politics of reform, change, and social inclusion and exclusion.     

Excluding students with disabilities from the culture of achievement: the case of the TIMSS,PIRLS, and PISA

International tests of achievement narrowly measure specific academic subjects, but have larger educational policy implications. These tests come to summarize national education systems and are used in national and international discourse. However, students with disabilities are being entirely excluded from participation in the discourse of achievement. The Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, and Programme for International Student Assessment all actively exclude students with disabilities from being measured when the testing agencies set up ‘desired target populations’ and report out on testing participation. This exclusionary discourse establishes that students with disabilities do not belong in a culture of achievement and educational evaluation, which has an impact on policies concerning educational equity and maintains the oppression of low expectations. US policy requires that 95% of all students take achievement tests and be given reasonable accommodations. This paper concludes that international achievement tests should follow the same standard.     

教育平等进程中远程教育与社会的良性互动

本文通过对教育平等概念、层次及我国现阶段存在的教育不平等现象的分析,阐释了远程教育作为一种教育模式,在办学形式和信息资源利用两方面与教育平等理念相吻合的基础,对推进教育平等进程有着相当大的意义.但是,这种推进应当在以政治、经济、社会和文化为基础的社会大环境中进行,并实现教育平等化进程中远程教育与社会发展的良性互动.     

21世纪初来华研究生教育发展状况与对策研究

大力发展来华研究生教育是提高留学生教育层次的主要抓手。新世纪以来,来华研究生教育进入快速发展期,体现在发展规模、生源地、接受地、专业分布、经费资助等诸多方面。通过历史与国际比较,可以总结当前来华研究生教育基本特点,寻求科学发展对策,预测未来发展趋势。     

The neoliberal regime in English higher education: charters,consumers and the erosion of the public good

The restructuring of higher education (HE) according to neoliberal market principles has constructed the student consumer as a social category, thereby altering the nature, purpose and values of HE. In England, a key government attempt to champion the rights of the student consumer has taken the form of institutional charters which indicate the level of services students can expect to receive and what they will be expected to do in return. Pierre Bourdieu’s conceptual framework is applied to analyse the dynamics of practice in the context of the intensification of marketisation in English universities. The impact on student identities and learning processes, on the curriculum and on the academic practices of faculty is explored. By studying the production of institutional information related to charters, a particular image of the ‘good’ student is promoted to prospective students, which simultaneously regulates current student expectations. We argue that the marketisation of learning may result in passive and instrumental learners, a reduction in the range of disciplinary knowledge and a deterrence of innovation in teaching practices, all of which impact on the public good functions of universities.     

The cultural politics of borrowing: Japan,Britain, and the narrative of educational crisis

In the recent debate over education reform, Japanese conservative politicians and intellectuals have selectively appropriated a particular crisis‐and‐success narrative of British education reform to de‐territorialize contentious policy changes. They assert that Britain achieved successful education reform by transforming the very same teaching practices and legal framework that currently afflict Japanese education. In so doing, the Japanese conservatives have legitimized the fundamental ‘reform’ of post‐war Japanese education through the combination of nationalistic and quasi‐market interventions in education. Drawing on a wide range of literature (literature on educational borrowing, postcolonial studies, and cultural studies), this article illuminates how the Japanese conservatives have appropriated external references to ‘British education reform’ to reconstitute the people’s common sense about the current state and the future course of Japanese education. In addition, we use this Japanese case study to advance the re‐conceptualization of the politics of educational borrowing from the perspective of non‐western ‘others.’     

21世纪初来华留学生结构状况及变化趋势

大力促进新世纪来华留学教育又好又快发展,必须了解、处理好来华留学教育的规模与结构关系。利用近10年统计数据,通过深入分析来华留学教育在规模、类别、专业、生源地、区域分布和经费资助等方面的总体发展状况。经过比较后,可知当前来华留学教育存在规模不大、教育层次不高、专业分布不均、生源地失衡等问题,当然,随着我国经济社会的发展、留学教育优势的发挥及留学政策的调整,到2025年,留学教育结构将不断优化,教育规模将快速增长,也将逐步迈入世界留学教育大国和强国行列。     

为新世纪而学习—泰国教学改革的发展方向

最近，泰国提出把21世纪教育教学改革的核心放在学习改革上，并对与之相关的2000年泰国教育目标及其理论与实践的基础作了详细说明。本文就新世纪学习的性质，学生在学习改革中所充当的角色，学习的内容，过程和方法，以及政府，教育研究机构，学校在支持这项改革中的措施进行述评，从而指出其改革思想对我国教育发展的借鉴意义。     

高职教育与学习化社会构建的系统论研究

21世纪，全球经济、科技的发展已将构建学习化社会的目标摆到了教育的整体战略框架中，而高等职业技术教育在其中钭发挥不可替代的作用。本文引入系统论的观点和方法研究高等职业技术教育内部构成诸要素和结构的合理组合，以及与外部环境之间相互作用的影响，进而揭示在学习化社会整个体系最优化过程中如何促成高职教育系统的改革与完善。     

马克思主义哲学教育的“瓶颈”与改革

马克思主义哲学是"智慧之学"和"为人之学",但其传统的的教育教学方法在一定程度上忽视了哲学批判前导的功能和对人的关注,教材建设也未能跟上时代步伐。本文着眼于马克思主义哲学的教育理念和教材体系,提出下面两项改革措施:一是大力彰显马克思主义哲学教育的人性光辉与批判前导的维度;二是在教材体系上,实现各部分内容的创造性重组,并采用史、论、著、比、实有机结合的方式,丰富和深化马克思主义哲学的教材体系。     

“政治先于社会”：认同政治学的政治与社会概念——拉克劳与墨菲的后马克思主义政治观剖析

拉克劳与墨菲认为认同政治学不是研究政治是什么，而是关注政治认同的形成过程与条件．寻找进行颠覆与建构政治空间的新途径。因此，后马克思主义把政治定义为，既是社会构造物的建构，同时也是社会构造物的颠覆。这一定义排斥了政治是社会的一个领域的观点，强调政治的建构作用．突出政治的优先性，把政治提升到本体论的地位，政治成为建构社会的主要因素。后马克思主义政治哲学的基本特征是“政治去经济化”，在人的能动性与社会结构的关系中，突出人的能动性作用，排除了社会客观结构对政治能动性的制约作用，否定了政治活动得以产生的客观性基础，把政治活动看成是不受任何客观条件制约的东西。     

The Provision for Personal, Social, Health Education (PSHE) and Citizenship in School-based Elements of Primary Initial Teacher Education

This small-scale research study looks at the PSHE/Citizenship framework and the opportunities for student teachers to understand and experience within school the relationship between values, personal and social development and learning. A questionnaire was given to two sets of student teachers on their final school-based placements. The research suggests that there needs to be greater recognition of the centrality of multi-cultural awareness and understanding within the political literacy section of the PSHE/Citizenship framework. This is the counterpart to a previous study of the opportunities for values education within the university-based elements of Primary Initial Teacher Education ( Mead, 2003 ).