青年科研人才成长特征与资助策略优化研究

国家自然科学基金是我国基础研究领域的主要资助基金,对于青年科研人才的成长具有重要的影响。本文选取2011—2020年国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目与面上项目申请资助数据,从年度、学科、性别、职称等多维度系统分析青年科学基金获得者成长为面上项目获得者的特征规律,研究发现青年科学基金项目的资助显著提高了青年科研人员申请面上项目的竞争性与成功率,但也面临着面上项目成功转化率逐年降低与各科学部、性别、职称的申请者在成功转化率方面存在较大差异等问题。在此基础上,本文提出加大基金资助力度、强化项目绩效评价、完善女性青年科技人才激励机制、构建多元资助模式等优化资助策略的政策建议。     

“双一流”建设下我国药学学科的科研竞争力水平——来自48家高校院所的实证

为丰富从获取科研基金角度分析我国高校院所药学科研竞争力的研究,基于2005－2019年间国家自然科学基金（NSFC）在药物学、药理学领域有关资助数据,从获取科研经费、基金项目负责人数量等维度构建改进的药学学科科研竞争力指数（PSCI）,以国内设有药学一级学科博士学位授权点的48家高校院所为实证对象,分析其药学学科科研资助情况、科研竞争力及变化趋势。结果显示：NSFC在药物学、药理学领域资助以面上项目和青年科学基金项目为主,资助项目数量和经费均呈现出先快速增长后平稳发展的态势,表明我国药物学与药理学领域基础研究水平已达一定高度;药学科研竞争力强的单位主要集中在东部沿海和北部沿海综合经济区;高校院所药学科研竞争力位次呈固化趋势,科研资源聚集现象显著。     

中原经济区建设背景下河南省高校医学学科基础科研能力分析--基于国家自然科学基金视角

本文根据国家自然科学基金对河南省高校医学学科①的资助情况（1999-2012）进行了分析,重点研究了河南省高校医学学科在面上项目、青年科学基金项目等各类项目和优势学科方面的发展情况,有助于更好地为提升河南省高校医学学科基础科学研究能力提供建议,为推进中原经济区医学科技创新培育核心竞争力提供科学依据。     

2004年度数理科学部基金评审工作综述

根据委领导的要求和数理科学特点，2004年度计划资助面上项目740—760项，其中小额探索项目50-60项，以维持科学基金资助的稳定性；扩大青年基金项目的资助规模；科学部调控的增量经费用于提高资助强度、促进学科内的交叉和数理领域特殊需求的发展。     

适当控制科学基金申请项目的数量、不断提高申请项目的质量

国家自然科学基金(以下简称科学基金)面上、青年、地区基金项目在推动学科协调均衡发展、促进青年科技人才成长、稳定和培养地区人才等方面发挥了重要作用.近年来,虽然国家自然科学基金委员会鼓励提高申请质量、控制申请规模,但面上、青年、地区基金申请项目数仍在逐年增加;以生命科学部为例,2007年申请项目数是2000年申请项目数的3.10倍.面上、青年、地区基金项目申请数量增加后,申请书、申请项目的质量情况有什么变化?本文在统计生命科学部近年申请项目数、申请单位数增长情况的基础上,结合反映申请书、申请项目质量的一些指标,如未通过初审项目比例、同行评议结果分布、申请单位获资助比例和申请数大于200项单位获资助比例情况等,分析了申请项目的质量状况;根据上述申请数量和质量情况,结合贯彻<国家自然科学基金条例>和联系当前科学基金管理现状,指出各依托单位在科学基金项目申请和管理过程中,应进一步提高申请质量、控制申请规模.     

医学领域优秀青年科学基金项目资助情况及项目负责人成长特征分析

优秀青年科学基金项目自2012年起设立,是国家自然科学基金委资助体系中人才系列的重要组成部分,对于培养一批有望进入世界科技前沿的优秀学术骨干起到了关键的助推作用。近年来,随着申请量的不断增加,项目的资助率逐年下降,竞争愈发激烈,对于申请人综合竞争力的要求不断提升,也需要我们在理性看待人才项目的基础上加强组织与管理。本文以2012—2018年批准的优秀青年科学基金项目为基础,并以医学科学部为研究重点对项目资助情况及项目负责人成长特征进行分析,探索加强人才项目组织管理、优化创新人才培养体系、助力青年科技工作者成长成才的方法,希望能为相关工作提供支撑与参考。     

2002年度化学科学部基金评审工作综述

1 2002年面上项目受理和评议情况 1.1 2002年化学科学部面上项目受理与资助情况见上表,并有以下特征: (1)资助面上项目520项,平均资助强度21.81万元,另有小额探索项目85项,平均强度7万元/项,面上项目和小额资助项目资助率和资助强度较上年均有所增长;(2)加大了对青年基金的支持力度,平均资助率为23.78%,高于自由申请项目3.38个百分点;(3)2001年获资助的小额探索项目(50项)和科学部主任基金项目(19项)在2002年又获得资助的项目数为22项,成功率为33.88%;(4)高分子科学学科试行无主审评审方法,收效很好;(5)体现了"有所为,有所不为"的资助原则.     

关于青年基金促进青年科技人员成长的思考

国家基金的青年科学基金是我国目前覆盖面最广、最有影响力的青年人才资助计划。本文以北京市农林科学院为例,根据2002-2013年国家基金的申请和资助数据,分析了青年基金申请人和负责人的性别、年龄、学科与职称分布情况以及后续获得面上项目资助情况,初步分析了青年科学基金在青年科技人员成长中的作用。     

中国省域医学学科科研潜力分析

基于医学青年科学基金项目相关数据构建"医学学科科研潜力指数",系统分析2012—2017年中国省域医学学科科研潜力状况及其变化趋势。结果显示,我国省域间医学学科科研潜力的绝对差异较大,但差异随时间推移呈缩小趋势;各省的医学科研潜力可以进一步分为6个层次,其中上海和北京的医学学科科研潜力较大,而青海和西藏的医学学科科研潜力较小。     

“双一流”建设高校中文科技类学报的专业化转型路径调查研究

【目的】调查2017—2021年“双一流”建设高校学报的专业化现状,为高校学报专业化转型提供参考。【方法】以147所“双一流”建设高校的156种中文科技类学报为样本,通过检索中文学术期刊全文数据库、学报官网及新媒体平台等记录样本学报的出版信息、2017—2021年载文量、内稿数量、专栏/专刊数量、出版平台及人才队伍等建设情况,分析总结“双一流”建设背景下高校学报的专业化转型路径。【结果】2017—2021年,“双一流”建设为学报发展带来机遇,不少高校科技类学报紧跟“双一流”建设步伐,依托一流建设学科,在学报方向结构、专栏/专刊等专业内容、出版平台、专业人才方面调整创新,成功实现专业化转型,彰显专业特色,提升专业影响力。【结论】“学科+”的高校学报专业化转型路径有助于学报在方向、内容、平台、人才等方面深度融合学科,依托学科发展又促进学科建设,从而提升学报的专业影响力。     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

To serve and promote science development via innovation

CAS should stick to the principle of rendering service to, and giving impetus for, the development of China＇s science enterprise by making S＆T innovations, said CAS President LU Yongxiang. The CAS president made the remarks in a recent talk to communicate the gist of the winter session of the Party＇s Leading-member Group at CAS, which was held from 7 to 11 January in Beijing.     

Tracing the origin and early radiation of birds——Paleornithologist ZHOU Zhonghe

With great care, Dr. ZHOU Zhonghe takes out a package wrapped by cotton tissue from a drawer and says: "This is the gem of our collections: the fossil of a bird that lived 125 million years ago!" Then, pointing at a tiny mound, he explains: "Look, this is the claw and that is the head. It was in the egg shell and ready to hatch ... The species fell into a family of waterside inhabitants."     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.