Effects of planning on task load,knowledge, and tool preference: a comparison of two tools

Self-regulated learners are expected to plan their own learning. Because planning is a complex task, it is not self-evident that all learners can perform this task successfully. In this study, we examined the effects of two planning support tools on the quality of created plans, planning behavior, task load, and acquired knowledge. Sixty-five participants each worked with two versions of a planning tool. In one version, learning plans were actively constructed by the learners themselves; the other version provided learners with an adaptable computer-generated plan. The results indicated that the quality of learner-created plans was lower than computer-generated plans. Furthermore, participants reported a higher task load when they constructed the plans by themselves. However, participants gained more structural knowledge about the learning domain when they actively created plans. There was not an apparent preference for one of the tools if participants were to create a plan for someone else. However, if they were to use the plan for their own learning, participants preferred to actively create their own plans.     

言语策划与语篇计划

在言语策划过程中 ,语篇计划的地位以及语篇计划对语言本质和语言学习具有重要的作用。     

英美高校发展规划经验的借鉴与启示

21世纪是充满变革与希望的世纪,国内的高等院校怎样抓住前所未有的机遇制定一份既立足国情校情、又紧跟世界发展趋势的发展规划,实现跨越式发展有着十分重要的意义。在制定高校发展规划方面,英美高等院校起步较早,在规划理论、规划与院校研究等方面都有丰富的经验值得我们认真借鉴和思考。     

The planning illusion: does active planning of a learning route support learning as well as learners think it does?

Is actively planning one’s learning route through a learning domain beneficial for learning? Moreover, can learners accurately judge the extent to which planning has been beneficial for them? This study examined the effects of active planning on learning. Participants received a tool in which they created a learning route themselves before accessing learning material and, for comparison, also worked with a tool in which the route was planned automatically. Eighty-three participants participated in learning sessions with both tools over two topics in statistics. Both tools were found to influence the learning process. However, results indicate inconsistency between participants’ judgement of the relative effectiveness of the two types of tools and their actual learning outcomes. Although participants thought they had learned more when they actively created a plan themselves, knowledge tests showed no differences on performance between actively planning a learning route or receiving it ready-made.     

Health Curriculum and School Quality: International perspectives

The study looks at issues surrounding the definition, choice and implemen tation of the planned content of health education for primary schools, focusing on two countries in Africa and on one Indian state. It argues that health education is a vital component to achieving quality because it links home with school; 'needs now' with 'needs later'. Yet it is proves exceptionally difficult to plan and deliver such content effectively because curriculum planning bodies are geared to work with separate subjects rather than across the curriculum, with classroom content rather than wider learning experiences in and from school, and with textbooks and examinations rather than the physical and human environment of the school community. There is confusion as to the definition and purpose of health education, omission and overlap in planned learning opportunities and a wide gap between what is planned centrally and what is actually delivered in school. There is considerable awareness of the need to rethink approaches and a large number of separate proposals for action have emerged, aimed at improving content, methodology, materials and evaluation strategies. Yet many fundamental problems remain concerning the structure and purpose of planning bodies (notably the Curriculum Centres) and with overcoming a restrictive and conservative culture of schooling. Issues raised in this study have wide relevance, not only to other countries but also to the planning of other themes, such as environmental protection and conflict resolution.     

School‐based ICT policy plans in primary education: Elements,typologies and underlying processes

Schools are more and more encouraged to write a school‐based information and communication technology (ICT) policy plan. In such a plan, a school describes its expectations, goals, content and actions related to the future role of ICT in teaching and learning. Although this is encouraged by researchers and policy makers, the literature on ICT policy plans and ICT policy planning is rather general and underdeveloped. In this study, the content of school‐based ICT policy plans and underlying policy processes is explored. Data were gathered in 31 primary schools in Flanders: the schools' ICT policy plan was submitted to a content analysis, and a semi‐structured interview was administered to the school leader or the ICT coordinator. Using a framework of ICT leadership practices to guide the analysis (setting direction, developing people and making the organization work), we identified three types of ICT policy plans: (1) an ICT policy plan as a vision blueprint, (2) a technical inventory and (3) a comprehensive ICT policy plan. Although the last type takes into account all ICT leadership practices, we found a variety of different approaches in the processes used to create and execute such plans, such as the support of ICT training activities, data‐driven decision‐making processes and monitoring activities.     

Pre-service teacher planning for differentiation of instruction in mathematics classrooms

This study investigated how 46 pre-service teachers (PSTs) planned for differentiation of instruction in mathematics. Content analysis was utilized to explore the differentiation strategies included and student characteristics considered in PST plans and how PSTs used differentiation strategies and student characteristics to differentiate lesson content, process, product, and environment. In addition, a rubric was designed and utilized to analyze the level of detail PSTs provided in their plans. Results indicated that overall, PSTs were developing in their planning for differentiation of instruction, using general terms to describe the modifications they would make to meet student needs. Moreover, results revealed that PSTs included strategies to differentiate lesson content and environment most often in their plans and frequently considered student readiness levels when planning for differentiation. Findings also revealed that PSTs need support in learning how to plan for differentiation based on student cultural backgrounds. Implications for mathematics teacher preparation are discussed.

     

Characterising lesson planning: a case study with mathematics teachers

ABSTRACT

The quality of students’ learning experience depends on the learning activities that their teachers plan prior to classroom delivery. This article characterises the lesson planning practices of a group of 27 mathematics teachers. The questionnaire and the associated information coding and analysis procedures designed for that purpose may be applicable to lesson planning characterisation involving larger groups of teachers and of other disciplines. Some of the study group’s needs and difficulties are established. One of the observations discussed is that planning procedures and criteria tend to be generic rather than specific to the lesson at issue. Another is that these teachers’ vision of planning does not necessarily ensure a coordinated approach to all curricular dimensions.     

谈继续教育教学过程中“教”与“学”的统一

反思“九五”继续教育教学过程中存在的问题 ,分析教与学之间在目标达成、教学内容选择、教学形式、教学评价与反馈等方面的矛盾和统一因素 ,提出“十五”期间继续教育教学若干建议     

Personal Learning Planning: Can Tutoring Improve Pupils' Learning?

This article explores the impact of a Personal Learning Planning (PLP) initiative on pupils' understanding of, and confidence in, learning. The cornerstone of the initiative was a one–to–one, or small group, discussion between Year 9 students and their class tutor. This resulted in a written personal learning plan. The benefits and weaknesses of the initiative are discussed and the interrelationships between action planning, one–to–one tutoring and learning are explored.     

Values and Imagination in Teaching: With a Special Focus on Social Studies

Both local and global issues are typically dealt with in the Social Studies curriculum, or in curriculum areas with other names but similar intents. In the literature about Social Studies the imagination has played little role, and consequently it hardly appears in texts designed to help teachers plan and implement Social Studies lessons. What is true of Social Studies is also largely reflected in general texts concerning planning teaching. Clearly many theorists and practitioners are concerned to engage students' imaginations in learning, even though they use terms other than 'imagination' in doing so. This article suggests that a more explicit attention to imagination can make our efforts to engage students in learning more effective. We provide, first, a working definition of imagination, then show how students' imaginations can be characterized in terms of the 'cognitive toolkits' they bring to learning. We look at such 'cognitive tools' as stories, images, humor, binary oppositions, a sense of mystery and how these can be used to engage students' imaginations in learning Social Studies and other content from kindergarten to about grade four. We then consider 'cognitive tools' commonly deployed by students from about grade four to grade nine, including a sense of reality, the extremes of experience and limits of reality, and associating with the heroic. We also provide examples of how using such tools could influence planning and teaching Social Studies topics.     

Refreshing The Parts Other Teachers Cannot Reach

This article explores the impact of a Personal Learning Planning (PLP) initiative on pupils’ understanding of, and confidence in, learning. The cornerstone of the initiative was a one–to–one, or small group, discussion between Year 9 students and their class tutor. This resulted in a written personal learning plan. The benefits and weaknesses of the initiative are discussed and the interrelationships between action planning, one–to–one tutoring and learning are explored.     

Training boys with ADHD to work collaboratively: Social and learning outcomes

This study examined social participation and strategic problem solving behavior of boys diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) when collaborating on a planning task with a trained peer partner. Twenty-four 9- to 13-year-old boys with ADHD who were receiving a medication intervention, were individually pre-tested to assess their initial ability to plan an errand route task. They were then observed doing an alternate planning task during collaborative sessions with a female peer partner who had received prior training in the task and in facilitating social interaction. Boys with ADHD were then individually post-tested on the original planning task. Observations of the collaborative sessions revealed significant, positive changes across three phases in the quality of social interactions by boys with ADHD, in their planning strategies, and planning efficiency. Findings suggest positive benefits of collaborative learning structures for boys with ADHD when they are placed in a collaborative learning setting with a partner who has received a prior training intervention.     

浅谈大学生学习动机与职业规划

大学生的学习动机与其职业规划在其学习生涯中占据重要地位,其两者具有千丝万缕的关系。学习动机促进个人职业发展,而有职业规划的大学生,他们的学习动机更加明确,学习更具有积极性,学习针对性性更强。     

高职文秘专业人才培养方案制定要论

人才培养方案是专业建设的根本性文本。高职文秘专业人才培养方案必须包括培养目标、面向的职业岗位群、对岗位工作任务分析和能力分解、学习领域构建、人才培养理念和实施条件、方案执行措施等内容。其中人才培养理念是方案制定的核心,教学安排表格是方案落实的核心文本。     

新形势下推进高校学习型党组织建设的理论思考

加强高校学习型党组织建设有助于高校坚持社会主义办学方向,完成培养社会主义合格建设者和可靠接班人的重任。目前高校学习型党组织建设仍然存在不少不适应新形势的问题,应持续推进党员学习的先锋模范作用、合理设计学习活动、重点规划学习内容、有效构建学习制度、探索创新学习载体,有效深入地推进高校学习型党组织建设。     

营销策划教学创新技能与策略探讨

作为一门创新性、实践性很强的课程,营销策划的教学目的主要是使学生掌握和提升营销策划的技能,学会实操营销策划项目。结合教学目标与课程特点,归纳出营销策划的三种技能要求;提出了四种教学策略:创意激发策略、抛锚教学策略、团队学习策略、开放教学策略;尝试五种具体方式:校外项目实践;校内创业实践;课堂实践训练;参与教师课题研究;社会实践与科技活动。     

高等职业教育课程建设的思路

课程是教学计划或学习计划的核心内容,高等职业教育必须根据培养目标建立课程体系,根据行业企业职业岗位能力的需要,进行课程内容整合与优化。     

Implementing AAC with children with profound and multiple learning disabilities: a study in rationale underpinning intervention

There is a developing research base to support the rationale underpinning augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for people with learning disabilities. However, there is a paucity of research examining the process involved in implementing AAC support for people who have profound disabilities. This paper seeks to explore the processes involved in planning and implementing AAC systems to support the communication of two 6 year olds with profound and multiple learning disabilities. Following assessment, a plan of intervention involving specific implementation of objects of reference, gestures and signs was implemented to enhance communication opportunities for both children. Both children improved their communication skills through use of specific AAC supports. Results suggest that important aspects to include when planning intervention are understanding the level of each child's cognition in relation to their receptive abilities and a consistent, collaborative approach where strategies are agreed between team members. Specific challenges are discussed.     

基于学习进阶的物理单元学习过程设计

单元学习过程设计是单元教学设计的重要组成部分,是在单元教学内容分析和学情分析的基础上,为了实现单元学习目标而把一系列由简单到复杂、由浅入深的学习事件组织起来的系统规划。基于学习进阶设计单元学习过程包括大概念与大思路的形成、学习方式转变等。单元学习过程设计应建构学习进阶假设,从整体上规划学生核心素养的发展。