Dewey’s Link with Daoism: Ideals of nature,cultivation practices,and applications in lessons

This article explores the pedagogical implications of John Dewey’s claim that his definition of experience is shared by Daoists. It compares characteristics of experience with those in Daoism, and then considers the similarities and differences between key cultivation practices each proposes, focusing on the roles of the teacher and sage. My main reference to Daoism is the translation of the Daodejing by Roger Ames and David Hall, who use Dewey’s conception of experience to explain the character of Daoism. There are two facts that Dewey chooses to define experience and link with Daoism—what it is not, and what it is. Comparisons of these facts with Daoism support Dewey’s claim: both define the ‘what is’ as the principle of unity of opposites. While sharing this view, their proposals for its cultivation reveal similarities, but also some significant differences. The Daodejing gives the Daoist sage a major role to play in the cultivation process of other persons, as does Dewey for the teacher. However, unlike Dewey’s teacher who guides the process, the sage is to create a cultivating environment, thus allowing the sage to ‘let go.’ The Daoist practices offer new ideas to consider in the quest for experience in lessons.     

翻译工作坊核心目标及其实现路径尝试

翻译工作坊作为培养翻译人才的一种新型教学模式还处在建设过程中。翻译工作坊的基本特征是以学生为活动主体,学生在组内既按照分工独立工作又与团队其他成员合作,最终共同完成一项翻译任务。这样的活动具有社会协作,建构知识的特征,体现了工作坊的优势。应该将提高学生的翻译实践能力和团队合作能力作为翻译工作坊的核心目标。实现这个目标的基本要求是要保证学生的参与质量,主要路径在于指导学生工作团队的建设,并对其运行过程进行指导和监控,使学生在参与工作坊的活动中有效提升个人翻译能力和团队合作的能力。     

‘Drawing Out’ ‐ a Humanist Approach to Drawing

Over the past twenty‐five years as an art teacher I have sought answers to three questions: 1. In what ways and to what extent can drawing practice explore both conscious and unconscious thought processes? 2. In what ways can the participant individuate his or her experience through the practice of drawing? 3. In what ways can drawing form a dialogue between personal philosophy and experience? Refering to my own experience and pedagogy I define some of the historical, pschological and philosophical contexts for my perception of drawing, including comments from my students, in the process making no special distinction between child and adult art. I have studied the evolution of pupil’s drawing practices and particularly those of my own children, as they assert their own perceptions and responses to experience, conceptualising feelings both sensuous and emotional through telling stories and defining realities. Throughout history the will to draw has persisted, its function differing and changing through time and cultural contexts. Beuys commented that everyone can be an artist, if they want to be; can anyone really afford not to draw?     

《易》本卜筮之书：朱子论《易》的形成

＂《易》何为而作＂为易学史所关注的核心问题之一。本文尝试从朱子论《周易》的成书过程,分析朱子从伏羲画卦、文王周公重卦和作卦爻辞乃至孔子作十翼,以展现他所主张的作《易》目的是如何得以实现的。＂《易》本卜筮之书＂是朱子一以贯之的对＂《易》何为而作＂这一问题的回答。此论断构成朱子全部易学诠释工作的基础,集宋易之大成的朱子易学体系只有藉此才能得到适当的理解。     

Action,Autobiography and Aesthetics in Young Children’s Self-Initiated Drawings

Lark-Horovitz, Lewis, and Luca [1973] described the emergence of ‘subject matter specialists,’ children who create series of self-initiated or voluntary drawings featuring consistent themes, characters, or settings that seem particularly compelling to them. A decade-long study of the images preschool and kindergarten children create when invited to draw in their own sketchbooks in the context of a weekly art class suggests that the choice of what to draw shapes the process of learning how to draw in decisive ways. The interests young children develop and pursue in drawing and in other forms of symbolic play are influenced by gender and by culture, by personality and circumstance. The choices children make inevitably open certain possibilities and foreclose others, shaping early artistic learning in decisive ways. Many early childhood educators [e.g., Katz, 1993] maintain that young children’s learning should be firmly grounded in first-hand experience. However, children whose drawings are autobiographical in content may be less consistent in choosing topics for drawing and prone to pass the time between significant images by drawing designs and symbols which seem less personally meaningful and engaging. Children who draw upon imaginative themes seem to have an inexhaustible source of inspiration ready at hand when they begin to draw. According to Egan [1988], the fictional or mythic nature of these representations may serve young children’s quest to make sense of their experiences in ways that explorations of the everyday do not.     

宋代经学家陈祥道生平考证

陈祥道是北宋重要的经学家和理学家,他的《礼书》和《论语全解》等经学著作在中国经学史上具有重要的学术价值,对陈祥道本人的研究可以为其经学思想的研究提供独到的价值和贡献。可能是因为史料稀缺,至今没有学者对陈祥道做专门的研究,而一些辞典及地方性论著中对于陈祥道生平事迹说法不一,故有必要对陈祥道生平与仕宦历程的几个疑点问题进行考证。     

Relationships between children’s drawing and accompanying peer interaction in teacher‐initiated drawing sessions

In this article the author focuses on drawing‐related interaction among 5–6‐year‐old children in two Year One classes in Norwegian primary schools as they engage in teacher‐initiated learning activities involving drawing. Inspired in particular by Gunther Kress’ semiotic perspective on drawing, the author presents four interaction categories to explore social aspects of young children’s engagement in the process of forming visual‐graphic signs that convey meaning. The author proposes that while the children’s interaction can add support to the drawing process, it may also produce some risk for the children’s confidence as drawers. It is the role of the practitioner to manage and facilitate interaction so that support is maximised and risk minimised.     

The Intergenerational Transmission of Inspiration: Reflections on the Origin of a Peer-Mentoring Project

The author gives a personal account of his relationship with his graduate mentor, Allan Schnaiberg. He also describes a mentoring project that he created with a colleague. The mentoring project emerges as both a vehicle for and a window onto the intergenerational transmission of the mentoring disposition of Schnaiberg. It stands as but one of many branches of the expanding influence of Schnaiberg’s life as a scholar, professor, graduate mentor and man. The importance of holistic mentoring is explored, with particular attention to the critical value of its central, affective dimension. Mentoring is particularly important today for non-traditional students, who have a heightened need to feel that they belong in the academic setting. It is suggested that mentoring serves as the guidance function associated with the process by which any being goes through the challenging transition from one cycle, or level of experience, to the next.     

Sketching Now

This paper discusses the role of the sketch in design when freehand drawing is under pressure from digital image manipulation both in higher education and professional practice. Placed in a broad design context embracing experience, skill and knowledge, the meaning of ‘sketch’ is being explored against a background of past and current practices in analogue and digital media. Locating the sketch in the design process various analogue and digital relationships are presented, including speed and fidelity. It concludes that sketching can be seen as a form of visual improvisation independent of any particular drawing system that allows designers to explore the sketch both as a means of self–expression and a means of communication.     

Work,Play and Language Learning: Some Implications for Curriculum Policy of Michael Oakeshott’s Philosophy of Education

Abstract

This paper applies Oakeshott’s distinction between work and play to his philosophy of language education. The first part explores his critique of the vocational rationale for learning foreign languages and his affirmation of the intrinsic value or playful character of the activity. The second part of the article endeavours to give practical content to Oakeshott’s vision of studying language for the pleasure of the activity by drawing on sources that reflect the character of the experience in terms of playfulness.     

The Microcomputer and The Curriculum: A Critique

The classroom experience contains an infinite number of variables that cannot realistically be related to in any manageable teacher's manual. When manuals aim at being ‘practical’, what is produced is often something that looks like practicality, but is not. Curriculum‐writing needs a new approach, intended to educate teacher rather than students. Such curriculum‐writing can be described as ‘rehearsal curriculum’. A rehearsal curriculum allows the teacher to work through a process of learning, as a ‘rehearsal’ for directing his or her students through that same process. A rehearsal curriculum is written in a way that also motivates the teacher to learn.     

With the eyes of others: an ethnography of an academic office

The author raises questions about ethnographic methodology through exploring the implications of using observations produced by his colleagues about his office as data for his research. This process blurred the boundaries between researcher, method and the object and subject of research. It meets some criteria for ethnography and not others, and does not evidence clear definitional boundaries for any sub-genre such as autoethnography or collaborative authoethnography. Besides raising definitional challenges and the blurring of roles in research, the study also illustrates how the methodology revealed tensions over collegial trust, boundaries and privacy. The author's colleagues exposed aspects of the author's identity that were opaque and even invisible to the author. The author accordingly raises questions about the locus of ethical concern. Thus, issues of roles, definition, trust, boundaries, privacy and method were entwined.     

Doing a Jigsaw Without the Picture

This paper is one teacher's account of an attempt to confront his own professional concerns through a process of critical reflection and classroom‐based self‐evaluation. The writer examines his own motives, as well as the pedagogical issues he faces teaching English to a low‐ability class. The account chronicles the writer's exploration of these issues through an experimental all day workshop on Romeo and Juliet, and concludes with some insights Into the process of curriculum change and the culture of the Institutions within which it takes place.     

On Reproduction,Habitus and Education

This paper sets out to demonstrate that Bourdieu's critics who claim that his theory is structurally frozen’, with no room for human agency misperceive the basis of the theory. The relationships between his theory and education are summarised and the concept of habitus explicated. Then drawing on Outline of a Theory of Practice, the determinants of practice are shown to incorporate change and human agency. This is then related to an examination of education as cultural practice, and some comments made in that light on a recent paper by Willis, and ‘Origins and Destinations’.     

Experiential learning in youth work in the UK: a return to Dewey

Experiential learning has explicitly, since the publication of the Kolb ‘treatise’ been a cornerstone of youth work practice in the UK. It is the contention of this paper that there is a significant misinterpretation of Kolb’s theory by those who have applied his theory to youth work. Not least that experience is framed as: ‘concrete experience’ and therefore something ‘other’ or additional to the life experience of those being educated. This concrete experience is interpreted in youth work as the undertaking of discrete activities upon which, via subsequent reflection, learning is elicited. What is argued in this paper is that what is required is a return to the formulation of experiential education conceived of by Dewey which locates ‘lived experience’ at the heart of the educational process. For Dewey experience involves a dual process of understanding and influencing the world around us, as well as being influenced and changed ourselves by that experience, what Dewey referred to as ‘trying’ and ‘undergoing’. This important aspect of experiential learning is omitted from the interpretation of Kolb as a simplistic four‐stage learning cycle, though not ironically from his own theory. Finally learning by experience is according to Dewey necessarily concerned with growth and therefore lifelong education—in addition a commitment to Dewey implies rather than denies a curriculum in youth work, a point that those who advocate experiential learning tend to deny.     

Teaching new product development in universities: an action learning approach

This paper reviews the concepts of new product development (NPD) and discusses the change of traditional lectures into an action learning approach of teaching NPD in universities. It explains the design and delivery of an action learning NPD course, drawing upon the experience from an engineering department at the University of the West Indies, Trinidad. The course stresses student participation, teamwork, group decision-making and learning process evaluation. Despite classroom lectures and tutorials, it incorporates group learning activities and a competitive management workshop into a NPD curriculum for undergraduates. The workshop has been implemented with encouraging results in student learning and development.     

‘I need to be strong and competent’: a narrative inquiry of a student-teacher’s emotions and identities in teaching practicum

In teacher identity research, limited attention has been paid to how pre-service teachers constructed their identities by negotiating with different emotions in their practice. To fill this gap, the present study, drawing upon the approach of narrative inquiry, explores how a student-teacher – Ming – negotiated and navigated conflicting emotions in the process of becoming a teacher. The findings show that while Ming experienced some negative feelings in his work, which challenged his self-belief as a teacher, the positive emotions derived from his students’ progress and recognition contributed to his teacher identity. However, due to the constraints imposed by his mentor and the school context, his negative emotions gradually escalated, posing severe impediments to his teacher identity. The emotional flux and identity change of the student-teacher can be attributed to his professional learning in the structural and cultural working conditions with hidden ‘emotional rules’ embedded in the practicum school. This paper argues for the inclusion of teacher emotions as an indispensable part of pre-service teacher education.     

论李秉德先生的治学思想

我国当代著名教育家李秉德先生在自己的学术活动及人才培养过程中,智慧而艺术地展示了他丰富的治学思想,主要包括"冷板凳"坐成"热板凳"、见识与知识同等重要、理论联系实际、个体与团队合作等方面的治学思想。总结李秉德先生的治学思想,不仅在于进一步完善其教育思想,而且在于将李秉德先生的教育思想贯彻到现实的教育实践中去。