在科学教学中落实核心素养

课堂教学是落实核心素养的主要阵地,教师要引导学生经历知识的形成过程,培养学生学会学习,培养学生社会责任感和实践创新的精神。     

2001 IFT Education Standards: A 5-Year Perspective

ABSTRACT:  The current IFT Education Standards used to evaluate Food Science programs for IFT approval have been in place now for 5 years. Most Food Science programs in the United States (as well as some in Mexico and Canada) have been reviewed according to these standards. The transition to instruction based on assessment of student learning outcomes, in accord with these Education Standards, is well under way.
In the first round of reviews, the Committee on Higher Education (CoHE) focused mostly on the Core Competency grid, also making sure programs were writing learning outcomes and instituting meaningful assessment programs. In the 2nd round of reviews, there will be more focus on assessment of learning outcomes. CoHE would like to see that programs (administration, faculty, and students) have embraced the transition to assessment of learning outcomes and are making significant progress in aligning the curriculum with this educational format. As in the past, CoHE offers assistance to any program that would like help in making this transition.
Finally, the next revision of the IFT Education Standards is due out in 2011 (10 year cycle) and it is already time to think about what this might entail. Some thoughts and suggestions for future directions are provided.     

Inquiry-Based Science Education Competencies of Primary School Teachers: A literature study and critical review of the American National Science Education Standards

Inquiry-based science education is an important innovation. Researchers and teachers consider it to be stimulating for pupils’ application of research skills, construction of meaning and acquiring scientific knowledge. However, there is ambiguity as to what competencies are required to teach inquiry-based science. Our purpose is to develop a profile of professional competence, required for effective inquiry-based science teaching in primary schools in the Netherlands. This article reviews literature and compares the outcomes to the American National Science Education Standards (NSES). In so doing, it seeks to answer the following research questions: What elements of competencies required by primary school teachers who teach inquiry-based science are mentioned, discussed and researched in recent literature? To what extent are the American NSES (introduced 15 years ago) consistent with elements of competencies found in recent literature? A comprehensive literature review was conducted using Educational Resources Information Centre and Google Scholar databases. Fifty-seven peer-reviewed scientific journal articles from 2004 to 2011 were found using keyword combinations. Analysis of these articles resulted in the identification and classification of 22 elements of competencies. This outcome was compared to the American NSES, revealing gaps in the standards with respect to a lack of focus on how teachers view science teaching and themselves as teachers. We also found that elements of competencies are connected and poor mastery of one may affect a teacher's mastery of another. Therefore, we propose that standards for the Netherlands should be presented in a non-linear, holistic, competence-based model.     

系统调整:语文教育评价对核心素养发展诉求的回应

我国现阶段的课程改革,将"核心素养"作为课程发展的逻辑起点。相应地,课程开发体系的各个环节需酌情作出调整,其中评价环节的调整至关重要。就语文教育评价而言,需系统考虑如下问题:更新对评价领域的理解和选择,保证评价领域的丰富性;全面规划评价途径,更加重视形成性评价,更加自觉、有针对性地运用表现性评价;进一步优化任务设计,重点完善评价的反馈环节,发展分层评分技术和类型化评分工具,聚焦学生真实具体的学业成就"表现"。只有让语文教育评价各个层面、环节一起作出相应调整,保障语文教育评价改革的完整性、内部一致性和语文评价体系的丰富性,才能有助于"核心素养"在语文课程体系中真正落地。     

基于普通高中课程标准的学科核心素养初探

分析了各学科课程标准提出的学科核心素养,特别是各学科核心素养的表述特点和分布概况;按照《教育部关于全面深化课程改革落实立德树人根本任务的意见》和2017年版普通高中各学科课程标准关于学科核心素养的外延描述,对各学科核心素养进行了价值观念、必备品格和关键能力三个方面的整合。     

我国职业核心能力开发相关问题研究

在介绍我国职业核心能力开发基本概况的基础上,文章分析了我国职业核心能力开发过程中存在的问题及原因,提出了促进我国职业核心能力开发体系建设的相应措施和建议。     

核心素养的学理基础与教育培养

"核心素养"是人民适应现在生活及面对未来挑战所应具备的知识、能力与态度,也是现代人获得成功生活与功能健全社会所需的素养。这是特别受到"联合国教育、科学与文化组织""经济合作与发展组织""欧洲联盟"等国际组织所高度关注之课程改革议题。因为"核心素养"是培育能自我实现与维持社会健全发展的高素质人民与世界公民之重要基础。因此,特就核心素养的学理基础与教育培养进行论述,探究核心素养的哲学、心理学、社会学、经济学及人类学等学理基础;进而探讨核心素养的教育培养之可能途径:(1)可透过核心素养的教育培养,导正过去重知识、重能力、忽略态度情意之教育偏失;(2)可将核心素养作为更新教育目的之重要来源;(3)可以核心素养为指引进行各教育阶段课程改革;(4)可透过教改课程政策,研订课程纲要,明确界定核心素养的架构内涵;(5)可透过课程纲要研订,规划以核心素养为主的课程、教学、学习与评价。     

食品工科专业核心实践技能培养体系的构建

结合国内外工科高等教育教学模式变革与专业实践技能培养经验,运用主动学习范式原理和自身专业实践教学的体会,探讨了食品工科专业核心实践技能培养体系的构建目标、方案和实施措施。食品工科专业核心实践技能由专业技能和职业技能组成。专业技能重点培养食品化学与分析、食品安全和微生物控制、食品工艺与工程、食品科学知识应用等能力;同时培养解决问题、语言沟通、计算机应用、专业操守、职业道德和团队合作等方面的职业拓展技能。以专业基础技能、专业应用技能和职业拓展技能构建贯穿于人才培养全过程的核心实践技能培养体系,整体提高人才培养质量,满足食品产业人才需求。     

信息时代图书馆与情报学专业教育发展趋势探讨

根据图书馆与情报学专业教育的发展趋势，从实践的角度对未来图书馆与情报学专业的教育目标、课程设置及学科建设提出建议。     

浅谈高职学生应具有的核心能力

所谓核心能力，就是在人的能力体系中处于核心地位的能力。现代职业所要求的许多能力，已经不仅属于某种职业，而是许多职业的共同基础，这种基础的能力是一种可迁移的能力，它使劳动者能够迅速适应岗位的变化，顺利进行职业活动。这种可迁移的能力叫做核心能力，它具有普遍性、可迁移性和工具性的特点。普遍性是指这种能力是职业生活中普遍存在的；可迁移性是指这种能力的获得会促使另一种能力的获得；工具性是指这种能力是实用的、与职业密切联系的，而不是学术的。核心能力强调的是，当职业发生变更或者当劳动组织发生变化时，劳动者所具…     

个人发展规划(PDP):英国大学核心职业能力培养模式初探

个人发展规划(PDP)主要运用于大学生的自我管理,记录大学生职业能力的培养情况。它以大学生的自我识别、自我认知为基础,通过记录大学生的个性、行为、能力、职业目标、缺点、所处环境等,帮助大学生建立个人发展规划,并不断修正自己的成长轨迹。实施PDP系统,需要强有力的支持体系和严格的评估与考核作保障。     

基于学生核心素养发展的教学改进策略探讨

教学是培育学生核心素养的重要途径,奠定学生发展核心素养的基础,影响学生的自主发展,促进学生社会性培养。然而,审视当前的现状,教学理念重知识传递,教学资源单一,教与学关系对立,教师教学管理过于严苛,这些问题影响着核心素养目标的实现。因此,教学应确立指向核心素养的教学理念,整合教学资源并实现共享,教学活动中达到教与学关系的统一,教师由教学管理转向教学领导,以促进学生核心素养的发展。     

Core Competencies: The Challenge For Graduate Peace and Conflict Studies Education

This article uses a case study of the assessment of a graduate program in negotiations and conflict management as a springboard for discussing several critical, but unanswered questions in our field. It raises questions regarding the lack of clear core competencies and expectations regarding curricula at the graduate-level of peace and conflict studies programs, as well as concerns over how educators in this field can or should assess their own work and train students for practice. It also addresses, via a comparative case analysis in Tajikistan, the degree to which the competencies and pedagogical approaches in this field are culturally bound. The picture that emerges from these case studies suggests that there have been important omissions in the way that the varied educational programs and the larger peace and conflict studies field itself have developed thus far.     

Developing Food Science Core Competencies in Vietnam: The Role of Experience and Problem Solving in an Industry‐Based Undergraduate Research Course

Although many educators now recognize the value of problem‐based learning and experiential learning, undergraduate‐level food science courses that reflect these pedagogical approaches are still relatively novel, especially in East and Southeast Asia. Leveraging existing partnerships with farmers in Vietnam, a food science course for students at Nong Lam Univ. was designed and taught. The aim was to give students the opportunity to work in small groups and conduct evidence‐based research with farmers, apply food science principles, and develop Success Skills, including the ability to think critically and communicate clearly. Drawing on the experience of 2 student groups, this exploratory study describes what students learned from the process of conducting research. In one group, students learned to work through and resolve the challenge of initial disagreement and misunderstanding with farmers and ultimately carried out a project that aligned with the students’ research interests and farmers’ needs. Another group of students learned to consider the financial limitations of farmers when attempting to develop solutions for problems and ultimately worked with farmers to address a different problem that was less financially taxing. It is important to note the challenges of planning and teaching a course in which instructors are not able to predict exactly what students will learn or experience. This is largely dependent on each student's prior knowledge, experiences, and interests; yet this study demonstrates the transformative potential of teaching a research‐based food science course that gives students authentic opportunities to identify and address real‐world challenges.     

转知成慧:知识是何以育成核心素养的

知识中蕴含着客观世界的本质和规律、主观世界的方法和思想、意义和价值三层意蕴,是人类核心素养的显性表达。构成核心素养的必备品格和关键能力都是以知识为对象经人的思维感悟知识的三层意蕴促使心理品质升华而育成的。因此,以知识促进人的思维发展是育成核心素养的基本前提。而人是生活在由知识建构的社会中,具有个体性和社会性等双重属性的精神实在,决定了人只有在知识构建的生命场域中历经体验、反思和理解的往复过程,才可触及心灵,感悟知识中蕴含的生命意义和价值而育成核心素养。     

核心素养视域下我国基础教育课程秩序重建

课程改革实际上就是课程秩序的解构与重构."核心素养本位"的重心指向了信息时代公民生活、职业世界和个人自我实现所需求的能力或素质等领域,并承担了课程目标和课程观的双重角色.我国基础教育课程存在知识选择、课程权力与课程文化等多方面的失序,基于此,需要促进核心要素向学科课程转化,建立"核心素养本位"的课程范式;促使课程权力向学生下放,提升学生个人知识的建构能力;坚持国际化与本土化相结合,以学生的生活需要规范课程的文化秩序.     

National Science Education Standards: A political document

The National Science Education Standards provides a vision teaching and learning science for the science education system and criteria to measure progress toward that vision. The document contains standards for content, teaching, assessment, three major levers of change identified by policy analysts. The Standards also include program standards for schools and districts and system standards. This article describes how the Standards were developed within a political context, through a process with political aspects and includes political intents. It closes with recommendations about why and how science education researchers might engage in the political process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 35: 711–727, 1998.     

Food Science Education and the Cognitive Science of Learning

In this essay, I argue that the traditional view of teaching, that the teacher's responsibility is to present information that students are solely responsible for learning, has been rendered untenable by cognitive science research in learning. The teacher can have a powerful effect on student learning by teaching not only content, but how to study and think about information. Student learning is a shared responsibility between teacher and students, and effective teaching is much more challenging than traditionally believed.     

核心素养评价的质量标准:背景、内容与应用

基于核心素养的教育已经成为当前世界教育研究的热点话题,分析发现,核心素养背景下教育评价的趋势为:评价质量观由完全重视客观测量指标走向对评价的客观性和评价过程的关注;评价内容由关注任务分解和行为描述走向对核心素养整合性、情境性以及相对稳定性的关注;评价范式由测试走向多元整合。核心素养背景下教育评价的这些趋势要求重建教育评价的质量标准。文章借鉴前人提出来的质量标准建构经验,对传统评价质量标准的新内涵和新评价的质量标准进行整合,建构了核心素养评价的11项质量标准与内涵,并且探讨了这些质量标准在教育实践运用中需要注意的问题。最后,从学校课程方案设计的三个层面具体阐述了核心素养评价质量标准的应用路径。