一体化医学语言系统在信息系统开发中的应用

本文论述了一体化医学语言系统（ＵＭＬＳ）在电子数据处理系统、管理信息系统、决策支持系统开发中的应用。     

An integrated holistic model for an eHealth system: A national implementation approach and a new cloud-based security model

Although its structure and strategies are rapidly evolving, the impact of the eHealth on the healthcare services is evident. Implementing eHealth systems on a national level can drastically enhance the health practices and services provided to the patients and community. Hence, the engineering of a new model and a holistic framework for eHealth systems becomes a necessity in order to have an effective implementation of these systems. The vast and rapid development in computers, communication, and Internet technologies has significantly affected the contemporary health systems. However, the complexity of the healthcare environment, the abundance of information, the compatibility and the lack of unified eHealth framework creates real challenges to present efficient and attractive eHealth model that encompasses all these elements. Furthermore, the security of the health records and the secure access to the information add a new dimension of complexity. This work presents a new model and an integrated framework for an efficient implementation of eHealth systems at the national level. The proposed model and framework successfully incorporate all the success factors of efficient eHealth system along with a new security model to access the health records.     

基于异构网络环境下的互操作探讨

我国各图书馆的自动化应用系统在很多方面都存在难以兼容问题,客观上形成了一种资源浪费和使用不便的势态。而分布式对象技术CORBA的出现就保证了异构网络环境下的互操作能够真正的得以实现。本文旨在对CORBA技术环境的推广,以推动图书馆自动化应用系统的规范化与标准化进程。     

多理论视角下企业云ERP系统转换意愿研究

随着云计算的不断发展,云企业信息系统(EIS)显示出其优势,愈来愈多企业愿意考虑从传统EIS转换到云EIS系统。然而,却很少研究探讨企业在EIS的转换议题,本研究整合信息系统成功模型和技术接受模型,发展一个多理论框架去探索企业向云ERP转换的意愿。我们从企业管理者收集了199份调查问卷,通过结构方程模型验证本研究模型与假设,结果发现有用性和易用性是影响转换意愿重要因素,易用性、信息质量和系统质量则正向影响认知有用性,这些结论,给未来转换意愿研究提供了参考,我们建议云服务供应商应重视系统本身的易用性和有用性,提高系统质量并关注信息质量,以帮助他们提供企业需求的产品,吸引更多企业从传统EIS转换到云EIS。     

多理论视角下企业云ERP系统转换意愿研究

随着云计算的不断发展,云企业信息系统(EIS)显示出其优势，愈来愈多企业愿意考虑从传统EIS转换到云EIS系统。然而，却很少研究探讨企业在EIS的转换议题，本研究整合信息系统成功模型和技术接受模型，发展一个多理论框架去探索企业向云ERP转换的意愿。我们从企业管理者收集了199份调查问卷，通过结构方程模型验证本研究模型与假设，结果发现有用性和易用性是影响转换意愿重要因素，易用性、信息质量和系统质量则正向影响认知有用性，这些结论，给未来转换意愿研究提供了参考，我们建议云服务供应商应重视系统本身的易用性和有用性，提高系统质量并关注信息质量，以帮助他们提供企业需求的产品，吸引更多企业从传统EIS转换到云EIS。     

Canada-India nuclear cooperation

There is probably no more dramatic an example of a developing country acquiring an industrial capability demanding the highest levels of technological and managerial skills, than that of the Indian nuclear industry. With the detonation of a nuclear device by India, much concern has been expressed that this is a case of nuclear proliferation resulting from an aid programme of a western state (Canada).This study demonstrates that rather than an aid programme, Canadian/Indian nuclear cooperation has been mutually beneficial to both countries' industries. In fact, India was a full risk-sharing partner in the development of the CANDU technology. It is also shown that there were no agreements with Canada broken by the Indian Government and that the detonation of the device was not a consequence of the links between the two programmes. Differences between the structures of the Canadian and Indian nuclear industries and the implications of these differences to broader national policies are discussed.The paper offers a basic criteria for the determination of the ‘appropriateness’ of a technology which, if applied to commercial nuclear power generating reactors, would result in a very gradual proliferation of this technology. In discussing the process of technology transfer, the paper identifies an optimal relative level of development between the industries of the two nations concerned. This relationship suggests that the most likely pattern of transfer in the future will be between LDCs that wish a new technological capability and other LDCs that have already acquired a certain level of competence.     

开放式创新对基地创新绩效的影响——政府激励的调节作用

开放式创新正成为经济发展的关键动力,为创新主体的成果研发、分享和转移提供优良生态环境,这也引起学界对开放式创新与创新绩效关系的探讨。既有研究大多聚焦创新主体个案内部的合作关系,忽略开放式创新多层次表征所带来的外部组织管理因素（如激励系统）对创新绩效的影响。本文以85家国家文化和科技融合示范基地作为研究对象,采用回归模型探究开放式创新对基地创新绩效的直接影响以及政府资金扶持和政策支持的调节效应。研究结果表明:开放式创新对基地创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,资金扶持可以促进开放式创新提高创新成果的作用,政策扶持的调剂效应不存在。落足于国家文化和科技融合示范基地开放式创新模式应用的现实,建议各基地发挥宏观调控优势,提高需求端与供给端技术交易的匹配度,政府部门应该设定合理的政府资金补贴强度区间,提高政策支持的针对性,为市场主体构建开放式创新生态系统提供策略选择和相关实践指导。     

办公自动化技术在中远船务中的应用及发展研究

对中远船务办公自动化技术的应用及发展过程进行了分析。结合当前计算机技术、信息处理技术、国家政策以及企业发展形势,提出了现阶段中远船务办公自动化系统框架及其应具备的功能,即建设成以知识管理为核心,以实时协作为技术支撑手段,以高度信息集成为目标,以统一的知识门户为展现方式的办公自动化系统。     

基于IDSDP的少数民族智能决策研究

我国少数民族众多,如何加快少数民族地区的发展成为重要的研究课题。基于互联网和信息处理的发展,以IDSDP系统为基础,从民族地理、风俗习惯、服饰特点等方面入手,探讨建立一个少数民族智能决策研究系统,对相关技术实现框架进行了思路构建和应用尝试。     

区域尺度环境污染实物量核算体系设计与应用

自然资源核算是全面揭示环境-经济耦合系统物质流动过程的重要方法,也是平衡区域经济发展与环境保护、实现可持续发展的重要手段,环境污染实物量核算是自然资源核算的重要组成部分。本文在回顾环境污染实物量核算发展历史的基础上,借鉴国际最新核算体系研究和绿色国民经济核算经验,梳理了核算体系编制的原则;依托现有国民经济核算和环境统计数据,设计了由环境污染实物量核算账户、平衡表和环境质量综合评价指标体系三部分所构成的区域尺度环境污染实物量核算体系;归纳了产排污系数法在区域污染实物量核算研究中的应用;以浙江省湖州市为例,初步进行了编制实践,并对实践结果进行了分析和总结。结果表明：①为适应区域自然资源核算的需要,环境污染实物量核算体系设计应遵循相容性、针对性、导向性和可行性四个原则;②在区域环境污染实物量核算中,宜使用指标体系方法综合反映环境质量,并设立实物账户核算经济活动中污染物和废弃物的产生、处理、排放和消纳;③核算体系的运行可以使政府、居民和企业多方获益,同时该体系也需要政府及社会各界的广泛参与和支持。     

国家知识产权安全情报体系构建研究

[研究目的]知识产权对我国科技安全与经济安全等众多领域的安全问题都产生了日益重要的影响,维护知识产权领域国家安全对保障国家总体安全意义重大,而构建国家知识产权安全情报体系能够为维护知识产权领域国家安全提供情报支撑。[研究方法]从知识产权战略安全、知识产权创造安全、知识产权运用安全与知识产权保护安全四个维度分析了知识产权安全对情报的现实需求,并基于知识产权活动流程构建了国家知识产权安全情报体系,对体系的内涵进行解析并阐述了体系构建的支撑。[研究结论]国家知识产权安全情报体系包括国家知识产权战略安全情报、国家知识产权创造安全情报、国家知识产权运用安全情报与国家知识产权保护安全情报。安全情报分析机构、安全情报知识库、安全情报分析方法与工具、安全情报人才培养等构成了国家知识产权安全情报体系构建的支撑。     

Architectures of genetic medicine: comparing genetic testing for breast cancer in the USA and the UK

This paper compares the development of genetic testing for breast cancer (BRCA testing) in the USA and the UK. It argues that national political cultures played an important role in how these genetic testing technologies were shaped, and that the shapes of these technologies had important implications for the users of these systems. In order to demonstrate the roles of national social and political elements in the development of new genetic testing technologies, I introduce the concept of a technology's architecture, which is made up of components and the specific ways in which these components are assembled to fulfill particular functions. In the USA, four very different BRCA testing systems initially emerged. However, one biotechnology company, Myriad Genetics, eventually used its legal and economic position to become the sole provider of testing. It offered BRCA testing the way many other laboratory tests were provided in the USA, available to anyone through any physician. The shape of this testing service had important implications for its participants, defining the client as a consumer who could demand access to any of Myriad's laboratory services, but could not choose among testing systems. In the UK, the government-run National Health Service provided testing through regional genetics clinics, using family history information to assess risk and triage care. Clients in the UK were defined as citizens and patients, who had the right to equal access to the testing system but could not demand any specific services.     

大数据视角下科技信息知识服务平台研究应用——以能源领域为例

以数据驱动环境下的科技信息知识服务研究模式变革为出发点，提出融合科技数据资源治理大中台与知识服务小前台的敏捷化大数据建设思路和整体框架，以能源科技知识服务平台建设为示范，初步形成能源科技知识服务态势感知环境，为开展支撑决策的科技信息知识服务提供有效支撑。通过科技信息数据中台建设对能源科技大数据资源体系进行有效治理，结合敏捷化微服务应用技术快速构建丰富化平台服务功能，有效形成各类以用户情景为导向的能源科技知识服务产品体系。敏捷化大数据应用于科技信息知识服务平台建设是数据驱动环境下的一次探索，为科技信息知识服务创新和迭代赋能提供参考。     

An information system for decision support in national information policy-making and planning

It is widely recognized that national information policies and plans severely suffer from the lack of timely and relevant data which could support decision-making. Through a pilot project sponsored by UNESCO/PGI and a subsequent application project at the Brazilian Institute for Information in Science and Technology (IBICT), an information system is being developed in order tentatively to overcome this obstacle. It consists of several related modules for the control of the internal production at the national agency and of the development projects and their related contracts, and for the monitoring of the information scene, both national and international. The two first modules are based upon the items of standardized work plans. The third one consists of a coherent series of data bases which contain basic information about the actors and components of the information scene, further transformed into single and aggregated numerical values. The latter are themselves aggregated and standardized according to a comprehensive list of variables, which are calculated on an international basis for the upper levels of the system. The system has been designed in order to cater to various perspectives of the information sector and the calculation of specific or composite indicators. It is linked with a bibliographic information system which controls the documents from which part of the data have been extracted, and with a referral system. The principles and examples of practical applications of the system are presented. The prospects and requirements for its full-scale implementation are discussed.     

Developing countries as exporters of industrial technology

The literature on technical change has unduly neglected the possibilities of technological progress in LDCs. Preliminary examination shows, however, that a number of semi-industrialized LDCs are experiencing rapid technological change (mainly adaptive) and are even manifesting the ability to compete in international markets for the sale of technology for a wide range of industrial activities. Scattered data on five types of commercial technology exports — tumkey projects, consultancy, direct investment, licensing, training shows that India, Brazil, Argentina, Mexico, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong have succeeded in selling different types of expertise to other LDCs. This paper links the different types of comparative advantage showed by these LDCs to their varying experience of industrial activity. India has the most diverse and sophisticated technology exports, because it has protected domestic ‘learning’ in the broadest spectrum of industrial, especially capital goods, manufacturing. Others, like Brazil, have greater industrial output but lesser technological capability because they have not protected ‘learning’ against massive incursions by foreign enterprises. The comparative advantage of LDCs in exporting technology is greatest where the pace of change is slow, where large R&D expenditures are not required and where detailed engineering capability is crucial in transferring technology. It is envisaged that in these areas, some LDCs will increasingly undertake technology sales not only to the Third World but also to developed countries. The costs and benefits of this are briefly examined.     

中国林业遥感技术与应用发展现状及建议

文章从森林资源、荒漠化、湿地、灾害和生态工程等方面总结了我国林业行业遥感技术及应用的发展现状,结合国家需求与行业发展,提出了我国未来林业遥感发展的几点建议,即大力推动林业遥感卫星、航空遥感平台、林业遥感信息产品标定与真实性检验场、林业遥感综合服务平台等天、空、地一体化应用体系的建设,加大林业遥感应用研究投入,不断提升林业遥感的应用水平。     

An evaluation of adaptive filtering in the context of realistic task-based information exploration

Exploratory search increasingly becomes an important research topic. Our interests focus on task-based information exploration, a specific type of exploratory search performed by a range of professional users, such as intelligence analysts. In this paper, we present an evaluation framework designed specifically for assessing and comparing performance of innovative information access tools created to support the work of intelligence analysts in the context of task-based information exploration. The motivation for the development of this framework came from our needs for testing systems in task-based information exploration, which cannot be satisfied by existing frameworks. The new framework is closely tied with the kind of tasks that intelligence analysts perform: complex, dynamic, and multiple facets and multiple stages. It views the user rather than the information system as the center of the evaluation, and examines how well users are served by the systems in their tasks. The evaluation framework examines the support of the systems at users’ major information access stages, such as information foraging and sense-making. The framework is accompanied by a reference test collection that has 18 tasks scenarios and corresponding passage-level ground truth annotations. To demonstrate the usage of the framework and the reference test collection, we present a specific evaluation study on CAFÉ, an adaptive filtering engine designed for supporting task-based information exploration. This study is a successful use case of the framework, and the study indeed revealed various aspects of the information systems and their roles in supporting task-based information exploration.     

管理也是一种共性技术——兼从国际比较视角论共性管理技术研发与推广

共性技术和关键技术研发是提高我国科技创新及自主创新水平与效率的重要途径。由于共性技术在多个领域和行业的外部性,使得其作为一种国家公共产品的供给不能完全依靠市场手段解决,政府的主导与支持是有效研发的关键。管理也是一种共性技术,在科技创新中发挥着服务性和支撑性的功能,研发共性管理技术是科技创新服务体系的重要内容。美英等发达国家历来都非常重视共性管理技术在国家创新体系中的作用,尽管国情与管理体制不同,但都建立了以"过程、任务、角色、产品"为核心,以"任务指南、操作模板、风险案例"等为辅助的共性管理技术体系。通过比较美、英两国参与和支持该领域发展的背景、过程、内容及成效,提出建立适合我国国情和组织管理现状的共性管理技术体系,重点论述政府在共性管理技术的功能定位、研发组织、服务平台、推广使用等环节中的功能与作用。     

A polymeric micro-optical interface for flow monitoring in biomicrofluidics

We describe design and miniaturization of a polymeric optical interface for flow monitoring in biomicrofluidics applications based on polydimethylsiloxane technology, providing optical transparency and compatibility with biological tissues. Design and ray tracing simulation are presented as well as device realization and optical analysis of flow dynamics in microscopic blood vessels. Optics characterization of this polymeric microinterface in dynamic experimental conditions provides a proof of concept for the application of the device to two-phase flow monitoring in both in vitro experiments and in vivo microcirculation investigations. This technology supports the study of in vitro and in vivo microfluidic systems. It yields simultaneous optical measurements, allowing for continuous monitoring of flow. This development, integrating a well-known and widely used optical flow monitoring systems, provides a disposable interface between live mammalian tissues and microfluidic devices making them accessible to detection∕processing technology, in support or replacing standard intravital microscopy.     

基于专利计量的全球人工智能技术在医疗健康领域应用发展态势分析

借助ISS信息检索和分析平台,对德温特数据库的医疗健康与人工智能领域的专利信息进行综合分析,梳理1963-2020年间相关领域专利的演进,对专利申请国分布及其所聚焦的研究热点、技术点进行探查分析.较为清晰地判定出全球人工智能技术在医疗健康领域专利数加速攀升,热点领域以专门用于处置或处理医疗或健康数据的信息和通信技术类居...