教师集体效能：教师效能研究的新进展

教师集体效能是集体效能在学校教育情景中的应用，是国际教师效能研究的新发展。文章围绕着教师集体效能的概念、形成、测量等方面，对教师集体效能理论做了较为详尽的论述，并就其研究现状及今后可能的发展方向作了简要的评述。     

The Relationships Among School Types,Teacher Efficacy Beliefs,and Academic Climate: Perspective from Asian Middle Schools

ABSTRACT

The authors explored how prior student achievement, through school types, predicted teacher self- and collective efficacy and perceived academic climate of 222 middle school teachers in Singapore. Teachers assigned to high-track and regular middle schools differed in their perception of self- and collective efficacy to promote organizational changes and student achievement, and of the academic climate of the school. Prior achievement was shown to be best predicted by perceived teacher collective efficacy and academic climate, but not self-efficacy. Further analyses revealed that the teacher collective efficacy partially mediated the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and academic climate. These findings were discussed with respect to the sociocognitive perspective.     

Teacher Stress: The Mediating Role of Collective Efficacy Beliefs

ABSTRACT

The aims of the study were to (a) examine the factor structure of measures of teachers’ collective efficacy (TCE), job stress, and job satisfaction, and (b) explore the mediating effect of collective efficacy on the relationship between job stress and job satisfaction. The sample consisted of 951 teachers from elementary and secondary schools in Canada. Measures of TCE, job stress, and job satisfaction showed consistent factor patterns across school levels and gender. Female teachers reported significantly higher levels of stress from workload and student misbehavior. TCE for student discipline mediated the influence of job stress from student misbehavior on job satisfaction, and the relationship was consistent across groups. The results from this study suggest that teachers’ collective efficacy may lower teachers’ stress attributed to student behavior.     

Teacher Satisfaction and Turnover in Charter Schools: Examining the Variations and Possibilities for Collective Bargaining in State Laws

Charter schools see as many as one in four teachers leave annually, and recent evidence attributes much of this turnover to provisions affected by collective bargaining processes and state laws such as salary, benefits, job security, and working hours. There have been many recent efforts to improve teacher voice in charter schools (Kahlenberg & Potter, 2014), including engaging in some form of collective bargaining, but we know little about the possibilities dictated by state laws. Therefore, this article describes the possibilities and variations for collective bargaining by state and for different charter types (e.g., conversion vs. newly created charters), as well as laws that have the potential to improve teacher satisfaction in charter schools. Ideally, state laws and the collective bargaining process should provide the appropriate balance between flexibility for charter school leaders, teacher voice, and protections for teachers.     

大学英语教师的教学效能感与课堂提问行为关系研究

教师自我效能感是指教师相信自己有能力对学生的学习产生积极影响的一种知觉和信念。国内外的研究表明:教师的自我效能感与教师的教学行为存在着密切关系。通过调查大学英语课堂中高低效能感教师课堂提问的特征,比较高低效能感教师在大学英语课堂中提问的话语量、问题类型、交互调整方式及反馈方式等方面的异同,希望能对大学英语师资培养的改进有所启示。     

An Ethic of Caring: The Fuel for High Teacher Efficacy

In this article I discuss ways of increasing teacher efficacy identified as a key belief system in the enhancement of teacher effectiveness. Teacher efficacy is defined and its impact on teacher effectiveness explored. The need to increase teacher efficacy to enhance the design, implementation and outcomes of instruction is discussed with special focus on caring and its potential as a catalyst for expanding teachers’ perception of their power to make a difference in the lives and performance of their students. Dr. Marta D. Collier is a tenured associate professor in the Department of Curriculum and Instruction in the College of Education and Health Professions at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Dr. Collier earned her undergraduate degree in elementary education from Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana and her masters and Ph.D. degrees in elementary education from the University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. Her research interests include the impact of caring on teaching and learning, the incorporation of culturally relevant children and youth literature into literacy instruction, and the design of preschool, primary and elementary classrooms that promote active teaching and learning. Dr. Collier’s teaching interests include early childhood pedagogy and program development, classroom learning theory and children’s literature.     

Collective Bargaining and District Costs for Teacher Health Insurance: An Examination of the Data from the BLS and Wisconsin

District costs for teachers’ health insurance are, on average, higher then employer costs for private-sector professionals. How much of this is attributable to collective bargaining? This article examines the question using data from the National Compensation Survey (NCS) of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the state of Wisconsin. In addition, the impact of collective bargaining on employer costs is decomposed into the impact on total premiums and the employer’s share of those premiums.     

教师领导的理念及其实现

20世纪80年代以来,"授权赋能"和"团队领导"等理念深深影响着传统的领导典范。新的领导理念突破了传统科层体制的组织模式,并涌现了分散领导、参与式领导、默默领导等领导理论。伴随着世界各国"学校重整运动"的兴起,教师在改革中的重要性越来越受到重视,教师领导因而成为学校革新的重要议题。当今学校规模不断扩大,面临的不确定因素也越来越多,学校如要真正获得成功,无法完全仰赖校长,必须要有全体教师的参与和领导。学校领导者应顺势而为,通过提供必要的支持、营造有利于教师领导发展的学校文化、提高教师领导素养等有效措施,将教师领导的理念融入学校的整体管理之中。     

试论苏霍姆林斯基的教师集体思想及其现代启示

苏霍姆林斯基认为教师集体是学校的轴心,教师要有集体主义精神,教师集体应具有统一的教育信念和个人的创造力。他的教师集体思想对我国目前构建和谐校园与和谐教师团队,加强教师集体的凝聚力方面有着重要的启示。     

西部农村初中教师素质与教育质量关系的实证研究

本文采用教育生产函数方法,对我国西部农村初中教师素质与教育质量的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:教师学历、教师资格、教师职称、教师教龄以及教育项目专家培训对教育质量有显著正影响;代课教师的教育质量显著低于公办教师的教育质量。基于上述结论,本文提出以下政策建议以提高西部农村初中教师素质与教育质量:进一步提高教师的学历水平,严格实施教师资格制度,加强教育项目专家培训的强度,建立代课教师权益保障制度。     

教师绩效管理——基于组织目标和教师专业发展

在对教师进行绩效管理过程中,首先要确立教师的主体地位,其次要将教师个人的发展目标纳入学校的发展目标中,实现教师个人的专业发展,促进教师和学校共同成长。     

教师个人教学效能感与成就目标及学生学习归因关系的研究

通过对192名中学教师的个人教学效能感与成就目标取向以及学生学习归因关系的研究，结果表明：教师个人教学效能感与成就目标取向存在显著相关；与学生学习的外部归因，如学生努力、环境影响有显著相关。其中16年以上教龄教师个人效能感与学生学习的努力、能力、环境影响、教师作用各内外归因都显著相关。     

Relationship Between Teacher Efficacy and Self-Reported Instructional Practices: An Examination of Five Asian Countries/Regions Using TIMSS 2011 Data

Teacher efficacy in a particular content area is seen as an important factor shaping teaching practice and student learning in the Western literature. However, inadequate efforts have been made to examine this assumption empirically. Drawing on the Trends of International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2011 mathematics teachers’ data at the eighth grade level, this study examines the relationship between teacher efficacy in teaching mathematics and teachers’ mathematical instructional practices in five Asian countries/regions. Guided with Bandura’s social cognitive theory, this study finds that overall teachers in the five countries/regions reported much lower teacher efficacy in teaching mathematics and lower levels of instructional practices than the international norms. The relationship between teacher efficacy and instructional practices varied within these countries/regions. Teacher efficacies in teaching mathematics are not always statistically and positively related to their instructional practices in engaging students. Together, these findings challenge the theoretical assumption about the positive relationship between teacher efficacy and instructional practices. Possible reasons of these findings and future directions are discussed.     

中学教师自我效能、集体效能和工作倦怠关系

文章采用自我效能问卷、集体效能问卷和工作倦怠问卷对150名中学教师进行了问卷调查,探讨了教师自我效能、集体效能和工作倦怠之间的关系.结果发现:自我效能在性别、学校类型上差异显著,在教龄上差异不显著;集体效能在学校类型上差异显著;工作倦怠在性别和学校类型上差异显著,在教龄上差异不显著.教师的自我效能与集体效能存在显著的正相关.教师自我效能与工作倦怠的三个维度一热情枯竭,精力枯竭、职业成就感丧失之间存在显著的负相关.教师的集体效能与工作倦怠的三个维度一热情枯竭、精力枯竭、职业成就感丧失之间存在显著的负相关.     

浅谈中职学校班主任专业化成长

21世纪的中国教育改革是以加强德育为核心,以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点的全面素质教育。新时代社会发展和新课程新理念的育人要求,使班主任专业化成为时代发展的必然要求。本文针对中职校的特点对班主任专业化成长的途径提出了相应的策略。     

Retrospect and Prospect of Studies of Teacher Efficacy in China

Teacher efficacy is a powerful variable in educational and psychological studies. And it aroused much attention and interest from Chinese scholars in the past decade, which led to an accumulation of documents in this field. Following an introduction of efficacy studies in the west, the article reviews the brief history of those in China, summarizing the main achievements into four aspects. With an eye on the future development of researches on teacher efficacy in China, some directions are suggested by the author simultaneously.     

中小学教师流动制度建立的理性思考

本文考察了当前中小学教师流动为逆向流动的现状特点与存在的主要问题;分析了中小学教师流动制度建立中的政策缺失;并从形成教师流动的社会基础、政策环境和实施策略三方面推进中小学教师流动制度建立做了理性思考。     

变革型领导行为对高等学校实验室团体效能的影响研究

采用自编问卷向多所高校和科研院所以及多个专业的部分在读研究生进行发放回收并做统计分析,以根据变革型领导行为理论对高等学校实验室领导行为及其对团体效能的影响进行研究。研究显示,实验室变革型领导行为与其团体效能之间存在明显的统计学关系,进而可量化建立回归模型;对于实验室团体这种现在普遍采用的研究生组织形式,实验室领导与研究生们的沟通交流是实现其变革型领导方式的关键因素。     

论高校教师效能建设与实践

教师效能建设关系到教师自身教学行为和人才培养质量。教师效能建设需要教师不断提高自身素养,同时更需要社会与学校的支持。文章结合高等教育的现状和效能建设的实践,从教育信念、专业能力和沟通能力三因素讨论教师自身效能建设的具体策略,以期为高校教师效能建设提供参考。     

近十年来国内关于教师教学效能感研究综述

教师的教学效能感研究是近年来教育学、心理学研究的热点问题。文章从教学效能感的概念与结构、影响因素以及对教师教学行为和学生学习行为的影响、相关因素的分析及研究进展等几个方面对近十年来国内学者教学效能感的研究现状进行了综述,以期对教师教学效能感的进一步研究提供借鉴。