The role of co-operative research in British industry

Although co-operative research associations as a whole account for only 1.4% of the UK's R & D effort, in some industries they are of much greater importance. There is in fact some relationship between an industry's science base, and its support of its RA, although there are clearly other factors at work. RA members often have diverse interests; this may create problems in establishing a co- operative programme. The RAs also vary considerably in size.     

基于突变算法的高技术产业创新生态系统健康性实证研究

高技术产业作为国家创新战略的"基石",其健康状态不容忽视。基于生态视角,从生存和发展两维度构建高技术产业创新生态系统健康性评价指标体系,运用突变级数法进行实证分析,并加入时间序列,纵向比较近些年我国高技术产业创新生态系统的健康状态。实证表明,我国高技术产业创新生态系统的健康水平整体偏低,且存在很大的提升空间。最后从提高科技创新与产出能力、加大技术获取与改造投入、构建开放式的良好创新环境三方面提出对策建议。     

基于偏向性技术进步视角的玉米产业节本增效潜力及途径研究[*]

基于诱致性技术创新理论,从偏向性技术进步的视角分析玉米产业节本增效途径。研究发现：2004-2018年玉米产业的生产率为降低趋势,主要是因为其技术进步率的降低导致生产率的损失。技术进步对玉米产出增长的贡献率达到40%以上,机械投入对产出增长的贡献率超过30%。玉米产业表现出较强的机械要素替代劳动力要素,但生物化学要素对土地要素的替代效应并没有很显著。玉米产业的技术进步路径表现为从提高土地生产率的生物化学型向提高劳动生产率的机械型技术进步模式转变,这与我国玉米产业技术发展趋势和地理特征有关。研究价值：为玉米产业实现技术进步和节本增效提供参考依据,对促进我国区域玉米技术进步、保证我国粮食安全具有重要理论和现实意义。     

Technological trajectory based on micro level technological capability: Evidence from the Brazilian rice industry

This study examines technological capability accumulation and the Brazilian rice industry's technological trajectory. Multiple case design was chosen, with an analysis of seven firms involved in the Brazilian rice industry. The results indicate three factors: The first was the identification of technological landmarks for firms in this sector (peeling and polishing, electronic grain selection, electronic packaging, use of forklifts and palletizers, and Industry 4.0). The second is related to the fact that different firms implemented innovative activities and technologies at different speeds, originating from the sector's different technological trajectories. The third is associated with identifying activities within the Brazilian rice industry that can be generalized to other food industries. These results have implications for formulating public policies in the sector, such as creating producer support mechanisms (research and technology transfer institutions), qualification of professionals, and encouragement for economic efficiency and competition.     

一流智库战略研究成果的质量管理机制

国际一流智库影响力的取得有很多决定因素,但关键是其战略研究与政策咨询报告的高质量,而高质量又取决于其研究成果的高标准与质量管理机制。文章通过对一些国际一流智库高质量研究标准或指南、研究成果的严格独立同行评审的质量管理机制和流程的梳理,总结了研究成果质量管理机制的有益经验和启示。文章指出,我国新型智库建设中,尚未将高质量分析与研究的质量管理机制作为智库建设的重要环节来抓,既缺乏研究成果的相关高质量管理理念,也缺乏管理的制度规范,更缺乏质量管理控制的严格流程。为此,文章提出了我国新型智库建设的高质量分析与研究标准及质量管理机制建议。     

知识管理基础、产业竞争优势和创新能力——以中国和东盟信息技术上市公司为例

通过对影响信息技术产业竞争优势的关键因素及其关系进行研究,采用结构方程模型和改进的CNN卷积神经网络模型,对2010-2017年中国和东盟代表性国家的信息技术产业上市公司样本数据进行分析.研究发现产业中的创新环境、技术创新以及知识管理均对竞争优势具有正向的影响;同时技术创新在知识管理、创新环境与竞争优势之间起中介作用,知识管理在创新环境与竞争优势之间起中介作用;窗口期内中国和东盟国家信息技术产业创新能力呈现增长趋势,但总体水平仍偏低.据此提出政策建议:进一步激励信息技术创新,加强对我国创新环境以及知识管理的引导和支持,加强区域协作和优势产业互补,在资源互换、人员交流、业务培训上加强互动,推进产学研之间的高效协作,建立起多元、长效的交流合作机制,推动“信息丝绸之路”战略实施,助力中国-东盟自由贸易区的经贸发展.     

Towards an econophysics view of intellectual capital dynamics: from self-organized criticality to the stochastic frontier

The paper begins with research studying the concept and nature of Intellectual Capital (IC), as well as how close IC firms are to the stochastic frontier. Then basic concepts of complexity theory – such as agents, self-organized criticality (SOC), connectivities, fractals, and power laws (PLs) – are used to distinguish between two kinds of IC firms’ success: traditional SOC applications to how firms maintain their position in a changing industry vs. how an IC firm (such as Apple) creates a new stochastic frontier. The research sets up PLs as indicators of whether or not firms and industries are SOC-effective and includes propositions about: (1) How IC firms benefit from complexity dynamics and SOC; (2) How PL distributions are indicators of efficacious SOC and adaptivity; and (3) Why IC attributes serve to create more transient dynamics pertaining to the stochastic frontier and the rest of the industry's rank/frequency distribution.     

Market for technology 2.0? Reassessing the role of complementary assets on licensing decisions

The ability to access specialized complementary assets has been key to explaining how firms benefit from their technological innovations. When firms lack complementary assets the more likely they have to rely on markets for technology to profit from their R&D investments. We extend this view documenting the emergence of a new type of industry intermediary, Contract Development & Manufacturing Organizations (CDMOs), which provide access to complementary assets on a per-use basis. CDMOs allow firms to contract for complementary assets at variable costs without the need to invest in such assets internally. This opens up new product development paths, in which firms do not out-license their products to firms with complementary assets but sustain their development in-house using CDMOs. We highlight that the expansion of services offered by CDMOs changes the nature of the industry's source of competitive advantage and provide empirical evidence that the expansion of CDMOs is associated with a decline in the number of out-licensing deals among US biopharmaceutical firms. In so doing, the study explains how innovation intermediaries like CDMOs can have a profound effect on an industry's specialized complementary assets and the market for technology.     

How does co-authoring with a star affect scientists' productivity? Evidence from small open economies

There is increasing policy interest in the recruitment and integration of star scientists as a mechanism to catalyse research productivity. We use rich data for three Small Open Economies (Ireland, Denmark, and New Zealand) on publications, citations and co-authorships to examine how co-authorship with a co-located star scientist affects the co-author's productivity, both including and excluding the output directly co-authored with the star. The latter effect provides a measure of the extent to which star collaborations crowd out/in other output. Event-study analyses reveal that star co-authorships are associated with economically and statistically significant increases in co-authors' output (measured by field-normalized total citations). Output in the three years after the initial star co-authorship is increased by 89.6 % when star co-authored publications are included and by 16.2 % when they are excluded. The results are robust to using an alternative measure of quality-adjusted output based on journal publication quality. We find co-authoring with a star increases the quality but not quantity of output when star co-authored publications are excluded. We explore heterogeneity by period, field and whether the authors have multiple star co-authorships. We conclude that policymakers' and institutions' efforts to promote access to star scientists may have substantial direct and indirect effects on the productivity of incumbent scientists within departments.     

基于SFA模型的新疆装备制造业技术创新效率及影响因素分析

运用随机前沿模型,以新疆2000—2014年7个装备制造业行业的面板数据为样本,研究新疆装备制造业的技术创新效率及其影响因素。结果表明,2000—2014年新疆装备制造业及其细分产业技术创新效率的起点不高,但总体稳步上升,各细分行业之间差距不大,仍具有较大的提升空间。产业规模、产业开放度、资本-劳动比率、技术装备水平对新疆装备制造业技术创新效率有正向影响,其中,产业规模、技术装备水平、资本-劳动比率的影响较大,而产业开放度的影响较小,这与新疆本地产品贸易不足有关。     

标准与知识产权推进数字产业创新理论与展望

颠覆性数字技术创新和数字产业新型业态正改写全球制造业竞争格局，知识产权裹挟的技术标准先行已成为全球数字产业的竞争规则，缺乏互联互通标准协议导致的“数据孤岛”等成为数字产业发展的“卡脖子”问题，因此加强数字技术标准引领规范、知识产权保护与运用对于加速推进数字产业创新至关重要。本文在细致阐述和挖掘数字产业创新概念内涵和发展其外延的基础上，通过对近二十年间发表于国际顶刊的268篇文章进行系统归纳，总结出“互动关系（协同推进）—内在机理（八力驱动）—作用路径（双向互动）”的技术标准和知识产权协同推进数字产业创新的框架，提出数字产业创新融合再造新业态的四种模式以及未来研究方向，以期推进数字产业创新相关领域研究的持续发展。     

全球主要经济体企业科技创新版图分析及启示——中国企业加强基础研究是建设创新型国家的必然选择

企业创新能力是科技强国的重要体现,而基础研究是科技创新的源泉。基础研究的执行主体无疑是高校和国家科研机构,而企业在基础研究活动中扮演什么角色？一直以来存在不同观点。文章立足宏观,首先对基础研究的内涵进行探讨,明确企业基础研究的应用导向属性;然后从基础研究投入、科研论文、《专利合作条约》（PCT）专利、国家竞争力指标等多个维度分析全球主要经济体企业的表现,由此构建全球主要经济体企业创新版图。通过分析比较,文章发现：（1）发达经济体的企业重视基础研究,形成大量持续创新型的百年老店;（2）改革开放以来的40多年,中国企业创新能力整体上取得巨大进步,但基础研究是短板,这是历史发展阶段所决定的。由此,文章认为,当前中国已经进入高质量发展阶段,中国企业通过合适的方式围绕行业发展未来实质性地加强基础研究,既是企业增强自身竞争力的需求,也是建设创新型国家不可或缺的。文章最后讨论了中国企业开展基础研究的若干方式。     

Diffusion of R&D within the Australian Wine Industry

The Australian wine industry's popular image as a leader in R&D can indeed be substantiated. Its oenological and viticultural innovation and technical expertise have set new international benchmarks. The coordination of this R&D has ensured that the industry remains at the leading edge. However, the findings of this paper also substantiate concerns that this R&D is concentrated in what appears to be a South Australian R&D 'epicentre'. Regions and wine operators not connected to this epicentre can be disadvantaged. This paper examines the diffusion of R&D to regional operators and suggests mechanisms for improvement of the current structure.     

SWOT视角下福建省工业设计产业发展的研究

工业设计处于产业链“微笑曲线”的两端,其魅力所在就是创新、创新、再创新。本文结合已有SWOT分析方法在生产性服务业、科技中介服务业、科技信息服务业等领域的应用成果,基于SWOT视角下分析福建省工业设计产业发展的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战,并结合福建省实际,提出加快福建省工业设计产业发展的措施与建议。     

A simple measure of economic complexity

Contrary to conventional economic growth theory, which reduces a country's output to one aggregate variable (GDP), product diversity is central to economic development, as recent “economic complexity” research suggests. A country's product diversity reflects its diversity of knowhow or “capabilities”. Researchers proposed the Economic Complexity Index (ECI) and the country Fitness index to estimate a country's number of capabilities from international export data; these measures predict economic growth better than conventional variables such as human capital. This paper offers a simpler measure of a country's knowhow, Log Product Diversity (or LPD, the logarithm of a country's number of products), which can be derived from a one-parameter combinatorial model of production in which a set of knowhows combine with some probability to turn raw materials into a product. ECI and log-fitness can be interpreted theoretically (using the combinatorial model) and empirically as potentially noisy estimates of LPD; moreover, controlling for natural resources, the simple measure better explains the cross-country differences in GDP and in GDP per capita.     

产学研合作、创新要素配置与创新产出——基于省际面板数据的实证

基于省际面板数据构建实证模型分析创新要素投入以及产学研系统各主体联系强度对创新产出的影响,并对检验结果结合边际产出的原理展开理论推演,讨论区域创新要素配置情况。得出以下结论：一、产学研合作强度对论文产出没有影响,对新产品产出有正向影响。二、无论是对于基础研究的创新成果还是对于技术创新绩效,科研经费边际投入的推动作用都十分明显。三、在我国产学研协同创新系统中,R&D投入存在资源匹配错位的情况,R&D人员投入相对过多,R&D经费投入相对不足。     

信息化嵌入对中国参与制造业全球价值链的影响研究

本文以信息化和工业化的融合发展为切入点,探究中国制造业全球价值链升级路径,实证检验信息化嵌入对制造业全球价值链参与的影响及作用机制。结果显示：信息化嵌入能显著推动制造业显性比较优势的提高,主要通过技术创新和劳动力成本实现;对制造业整体来说,信息化嵌入通过劳动力成本中介增强制造业全球价值链参与中的显性比较优势;信息化嵌入的影响及传导机制作用于不同技术水平制造业时具有显著差异,高技术制造业与信息化结合更好,技术创新和劳动力成本的中介效应显著,低技术制造业技术水平低、信息化结合能力弱,中介效应不显著。     

我国不同科类高校科研投入与产出特点研析

利用面板数据,进而运用stata软件,采用多元回归运算,建立各科类学校的科研产出模型,揭示不同科类高校科研活动基本态势。研究发现,不同科类院校普遍存在忽视基础研究及科技服务职能的现象;各科类高校在获取科研资金能力方面存在差异,政府对工科院校投入偏多,对医药院校投入偏少,综合院校与工科院校在获取竞争性科研资金方面明显强于其他三类院校;各科类高校在专利授权产出及论文和专著方面对投入资金与RD人员的需求各异。     

日本科学研究发展困境的表现、成因及其破解思路

2021年10月日本首相岸田文雄在施政演说中表明科技立国是日本增长战略的第一支柱，但近年来日本诸多学者、媒体等指出日本科研发展正在迅速衰落，其国内各界对此似乎已形成共识，但中国学界对这一问题却鲜有研究；而当前，正如20世纪八九十年代的日本，中国的科研实力快速提升，但在此过程中也容易积累诸多问题。在此背景下，通过对Web of Science、InCites等判断各国科学研究发展状况的重要数据库中相关数据进行分析，跟踪研究日本的科研发展历程，解析其产生困难的原因，追踪其破解难题的思路，汲取科学研究发展的有益经验。结果显示：21世纪以来，日本科研竞争力发展陷入困境主要表现在科研产出数量和质量表现不佳、在热门研究领域及小岛型研究领域的参与度下滑和在国际科研合作的存在感减弱三方面，主要受确保科研产出的基本要素（人员、时间、经费）不足、以“选择与集中”为代表的科技政策显现副作用以及部分传统社会习惯和研究的内向化、保守化倾向等抑制作用等多种因素综合影响，对此日本政府不断探索破解困境的举措，重点围绕人才、资金与环境等方面推进政策改革。从科研发展的总体趋势来看，尽管日本科研发展速度有所放缓，但其科研实...     

科技服务业助推中国经济高质量发展的影响因素和优化路径研究 ——基于GRA模型与CRITIC权重法的综合分析

以五大发展理念为基本维度构建经济高质量发展指标体系,并从投入、环境、产出三个维度构建了科技服务业指标体系,采用2012—2019年的相关数据,运用GRA模型分析科技服务业助推经济高质量发展的影响因素,并基于CRITIC权重法构建科技服务业助推经济高质量发展的助推效应指数,探究科技服务业三个维度影响因素的助推效应及其变化趋势。研究结果表明,科技服务业各指标与经济高质量发展相关指标的关联性较强,科技服务业对经济高质量发展具有较好的助推作用;科技服务业对我国经济高质量发展的助推效应不断增强,同时综合助推效应指数的变化趋势与投入助推效应指数高度吻合,且投入助推效应指数是促进综合助推效应指数正向增长的核心指标,环境助推效应指数和产出助推效应指数是综合助推效应指数保持稳定变化的基础性指标。结合研究结论提出了进一步增强科技服务业助推我国经济高质量发展的能力和效应的优化路径。