美国幼儿教师专业准备标准述评

制定和实施幼儿教师专业准备标准是促进幼儿教师专业发展的重要策略,也是提高幼儿教师教育质量的基础性工作。美国幼儿教师专业准备标准要求教师能够促进幼儿的发展和学习;能够构建与家庭和社区的良好关系;能够观察、记录和评价,以支持幼儿和家庭的发展;能够运用适宜、有效的方法联系儿童和家庭;能够运用内容知识建构有意义的课程,并成为一名专业者。美国幼儿教师专业准备标准的编制具有民主性和发展性的特点,其内容具有全面性和时代性的特点,其用途具有广泛性和实用性的特点。     

论教师领导

教师领导是学校迈向学习型学校的必然,其概念是从教学领导、道德领导、转换领导、平行领导特别是分布式领导和参与式领导等学校领导研究中渐渐明晰的。教师领导的实施过程有利于校长成为\"领导者的领导\",从而放弃\"英雄领导\"模式;有利于教师的积极参与和专业成长,从而使教师职业具有魅力;有利于学校学习共同体的形成,从而提升学校创造未来的能力,最终达成学生发展的目的。     

A missing link? Contemporary insights into principal preparation and training in Russia

Over the last decade, the Russian education system has undergone significant transformation that has radically changed the expectations placed upon the school principals. This current reform process has placed far greater responsibilities and accountabilities upon principals to secure school effectiveness and improved student learning outcomes. This article offers some insights into the way in which principals in Russia are currently prepared and trained. It outlines initial quantitative findings from Russian principals, as part of a contemporary, large-scale empirical study of principal leadership preparation and training. The emerging empirical evidence highlights that the new principal standards and training requirements in Russia reinforce “managerial approaches” that are not necessarily meeting the needs of principals.     

An Australian perspective on school leadership preparation and development: credentials or self-management?

This paper provides a review of school leadership preparation and development in Australia through considering the requirements for becoming a principal, how leadership preparation and development occurs, and consideration of recent developments to provide an Australian standard for school leaders. Australian educators have relied mostly on a self-identification and self-managed system in which individuals decide that they want to pursue leadership opportunities and then seek out the support and experiences to help them. Support is available and provided through system, university, and service organization programmes, and the support of colleagues and senior leaders in schools. Whilst there is an extensive range of support provided by systems, universities and service organizations, there is little evidence of their impact on schools. At the school level there needs to be far greater support in identifying and developing leaders. Developments in creating a national leadership standard might lead to some type of credentialing programme that could allow individuals to benchmark their development, and ensure that preparation and support programmes are of the highest quality. An alternative view is to reinforce greater individual responsibility for leadership development and career progress, encourage schools and systems to focus less on individual leadership and more on collective leadership, and consider more innovative ways of providing leadership development.     

学校变革中的“教师领导”

依靠源自学校内部的力量而进行的持久的学校革新,应该采取不同于以往的革新方式;促成教师基于角色转型和职业生活方式改变的专业力量的兴起,是决定学校变革成败的关键因素。教师领导这一新的角色被视为教师增权、促进变革和教师专业社群建设的必然选择。教师领导意味着教师要成为促进学生学业发展的领导者,要推动其他教师改进教育教学实践,促进学校内部领导群体的形成。教师领导的途径包括\"参与\"、\"互动\"和致力于生成\"合作文化\"。     

赋权予教师:教师专业发展中的教师领导

教师专业发展中的教师领导有两个方面的意义:一是领袖教师对其专业群体的引领;二是教师自主的专业发展。鼓励同侪协作,发挥优秀教师的示范-引领-辐射等作用固然重要,但教师的自主才是专业发展持续且有效的基础。在中国大陆,教师在职的专业发展受到行政部门的主导,骨干教师们在各种专业发展活动中发挥着重要作用,然而也呈现出精英化、等级制与工具性等特征。此外,由于处处受到行政干预,教师的专业发展充满着功利色彩、被迫与被动。我们认为,只有赋权予教师,留给教师自主发展的空间并提供更多选择,才能促成教师持续而有效的发展。教师领导的专业发展应成为教师专业发展的原则之一。     

增强高职院校专业主任专业发展领导作用探赜

针对高职院校专业主任工作存在的问题,文章探讨增强高职院校专业主任专业发展领导作用的路径.专业主任要注重增强专业能力,发挥专业引领作用;提升自我素质,增强团队建设能力;更新专业知识,创新专业发展途径;搭建校企合作平台,提升科研能力;同时学校也要明确保障措施,健全考核机制.     

影响美国校长培训发展的因素分析

美国的校长培训具有百余年的历史,他们的培训经历对我国的校长培训有一定的借鉴作用。在分析影响美国校长培训发展的外部因素（如政府、服务于培训工作的组织、教育政策委员会、基金支助组织）和内部因素（如培训机构、培训内容、培训课程、培训的教学法、与实地的联系等）的基础上,得到了有益的启示。