Nation and National Museums,a Contested Relationship: An Analysis of U.S. National Museums in the Twenty‐first Century

The motivation for this article arose from the wish to share our outside perspectives on how national museums in the U.S. mediate ideas of national identity. We are four students out of a larger group of 15 German students in Cultural Studies at Leuphana University of Lueneburg. We conducted empirical research on various national museums within the Smithsonian Institution and also on the soon‐to‐be‐opened National September 11 Memorial Museum in New York City. The objective of our research was to explore the role that American national museums play in a globalized world by investigating how such museums address changing national identities over time.     

档案与国家认同：理论基础、作用维度与现实路径

国家认同是一个国家稳定和发展的重要因素,深刻影响国家的根本利益。国家认同的可建构性以及档案与国家文化、政治的关联性是档案作用于国家认同的前提,其内在逻辑在于国家认同的特性与档案属性的契合。本文基于档案既是信息内容的集合,又是一种有效的管理工具,结合国家认同的分析向度,将档案作用于国家认同的维度划分为历史文化维度和法律政治维度,进而提出了档案作用于国家认同的档案信息资源建设及开发路径和档案制度创新路径。     

International Identity in Theory and Practice: The Case of the Modern American Presidency

Scholars have devoted considerable attention to the concept of national identity. In a globalizing world, however, identity is increasingly shaped not only by one's own nation but also by foreign nations. With this in mind, this study theorizes international identity as a communicative process. We propose four features of international identity—that it is distinct, relational, contextual, and stratified—and examine these features in one crucial context: the modern American presidency. Our content analysis of every mention of a foreign entity in 74 years worth of presidential discourse—2480 mentions in all—supports our conception of international identity and begins to identify the parameters of this construct in American political communication.     

国家话语、国家认同及媒介空间——以《人民日报》玉树地震报道为例

本文以话语方法对《人民日报》玉树地震报道的国家认同和国家话语进行分析,认为国家话语通过话语在场、话语共存和话语记忆等分别以报道对象、评论、报道语词等强调了党/国、家/国的同构特征;以媒介仪式强化了国家认同的历史记忆。     

Identifying the genealogical self

What is the connection between archives and identity? One of the main user groups of archives are family historians who often state that they undertake to find out about their ancestry in order to ??find out who they are??. But what does such a claim mean, where did it come from and what is the role of archives in this search for the self? This article explores these questions by examining two modern genealogical texts: Alex Haley??s Roots (1976) and the television programme, Who Do You Think You Are? (2004). These narratives show that archives can be part of the articulation of the self and that they have the potential to disclose the who beyond the private confines of the family to the reader or television audience. In this way, the archive has become a theatre of meaning, memory and self-identity, a performative space in which identities are enacted. The paper concludes by arguing that the connection between archives and identity can be a complex-layered performance that not only articulates the self but also has the potential to connect the self to the other. Such an exploration of the imaginative and performative aspects of archives within such genealogical storytelling is important if we are to further our understanding of the role of archives in contemporary Western society.     

Music Videos and National Identity in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan

Media exert a pervasive influence on personal and national identity. Kazakh independence in 1991 necessitated forming national identity where only limited common identity existed previously. This paper examines the socio-political context of Kazakhstan, explores how images in Kazakh music videos assist in conveying national identity, and addresses ongoing challenges that shape how Kazakh identity continues to develop.     

被“标识”的国家:撤侨话语中的国家认同与家国想象

"想象的共同体"确立了论述国家的话语方式,书写(论述)国家的行动本身,就是通过想象(叙事)来弥补在多元复杂的社会力量中所遗失的国家"同一性",从而将宏大的民族国家叙事和细碎而弥散的日常生活建立起勾连。本文从想象国家的理论脉络出发,以新世纪以来《人民日报》对海外撤侨行动的报道为研究对象,对报道中所呈现的"国家"话语进行文本分析。研究发现,建构主义范式与原生主义范式共同作用于国家想象的生成与可见,从而"标识"国家。由此,撤侨话语成为一种展现国家力量与国家意识的权力书写,通过英雄原型叙事、建构集体记忆的话语互文、塑造"家国一体"的概念隐喻以及话语互动,实现国家情感的表达与国家认同的凝聚。     

Doing Identity Work in Museums

Abstract Museum visitors typically look at only about a third of the elements of an exhibition, and often give only limited attention to those. Can visitors really be getting something worthwhile from such partial usage of an exhibition? This article explores how visitors use exhibitions for “identity work,” the processes through which we construct, maintain, and adapt our sense of personal identity, and persuade other people to believe in that identity. Museums offer powerful opportunities for doing identity work, but the visitor does not need to engage with exhibition content deeply or systematically in order to gain the benefits that museum experiences offer for identity work.     

比利时电子身份管理制度评鉴

提出为了实现虚拟社会真实身份管理,签发电子身份标识（electronic identity,EID）已成为当前许多国家发展计划中的普遍实践。认为EID的发行有助于实现网络虚拟身份的有效识别,为政府加强互联网活动综合管控提供有效路径,但也面临管理涉及面广、综合性强等困境。比利时政府在EID实践领域担任先锋角色,形成了完善的电子身份管理机制,因此,考查比利时电子身份管理制度将为我国推行和实践电子身份制度提供借鉴作用。     

Celebrity Athletes,Soft Power and National Identity: Hong Kong Newspaper Coverage of the Olympic Champions of Beijing 2008 and London 2012

The modern Olympic Games have been regarded as vehicles for governments to use elite athletes to promote soft power agendas and build national cohesion. Adopting textual analysis, the present study examined the global sports events within a specific sociocultural context, by analyzing and comparing the reportage of 2008 and 2012 Summer Olympics in four Hong Kong newspapers. All the news articles were probed to discern pervading themes regarding the Olympic champions as celebrities, and three discursive formations were identified: national heroes, rags-to-riches figures, and stars in the entertainment industry. The findings make visible both the instances that nurture the perception of national identity and Hong Kong media's alternative responses to the party-state's propaganda. Although the Olympics can play a positive role in articulating national pride and fostering national identity, the study also shows the complexities of the construction of Chinese nationalism and patriotism in postcolonial Hong Kong.     

我国档案文化创意服务发展策略研究

为加快推进我国档案文化创意服务发展,应该更新思想观念,提升档案馆对其文化职能的认同感;出台法规政策,将档案文化纳入国家创意产业发展框架;整合文化资源,构建有效的档案文化创意服务模式;鼓励跨界合作,提升档案馆综合文化服务能力;加强人才队伍建设,提供智力支持。     

Peripatetic Rhetors of the warring kingdoms

Are our college and university theatres reluctant to act upon their obligation to tomorrow's playwrights? This article, based on a national survey, shows the attitude of the Central States area toward this problem.     

中国古代图书馆学的知识论取向——从文献学路径获得的认知

为发掘中国古代图书馆学的原创性与民族特色,疏通中国古代图书馆学与现代图书馆学的因承关系,本文从文献学路径出发,论证了文献学与中国古代图书馆学的同一性,并运用文献举证与"知识考古"的方法全面考察了中国古代图书馆学的知识论取向.由此得出结论:世界范围内各民族图书馆学的发生路径是多元的,以西方图书馆学产生之初的特征来评判中国图书馆学的形成过程是一种历史错位.中国古代图书馆学虽未能在文献公共利用方面建立相应的学说和制度,但以其文献学特质,在阐释文献涵义、文献价值及具体的文献组织与整理活动中呈现出一定的知识论取向,与现代图书馆学的知识论多有契合.这为实现图书馆学研究的本土化提供了有益的启示.参考文献30.     

以档案职业人才需求为导向的UBC档案学高等教育改革研究及启示

本文分析了加拿大英属哥伦比亚大学在档案职业人才需求视角下的档案学高等教育改革，并据此提供我国档案学高等教育改革可借鉴的经验，即调整大学的档案学课程设置体系、改变对学生的技能要求、提升档案学师资来源。     

Fred Wilson,PTSD, and Me: Reflections on the History Wars

Abstract Our relationships with our audiences have proved parlous. But if history is destined to be contested, where should museums be in that contest and how do we get there? Fred Wilson's Mining the Museum has turned out to be a path not taken; Enola Gay was a cautionary tale. But we should have these fights in museums, where the national narrative is blocked out and staged, because of how museums teach us, opening hidden windows on cloaked realities. Museums can start by becoming clearer about what they think they are doing when they make an exhibition. Exhibitions can have a profound effect on visitors at many levels but it doesn't happen very often. Is that because visitors seek another kind of experience from what we typically offer?     

Resisting cultural imperialism,or welcoming cultural globalization? China's extensive debate on Hollywood cinema from 1994 to 2007

This article provides a historical and critical review of the extensive debate in China over the government's policy of importing Hollywood blockbusters from 1994 to 2007. The debate suggests a fundamental divide in China along the different ideological lines. I argue that China's debate over Hollywood cinema actually serves as a site for the Chinese people to make sense of their own modernization process and national identity. The debate, in a large sense, has little to do with the connotation of Hollywood cinemas in the US context, but has much to do with their implications for China. The whole debate is in fact China's quest for a new, modern national identity, and how the Chinese could draw on the American experience to build a modern China. Therefore, China's case foregrounds the fundamental issue of globalization theories regarding cultural homogenization versus heterogenization, or modernity versus alternative modernities. The debate not only speaks to the complexity of the global–local dialectic, but also reflects China's contradictory perspective on globalization.     

Why we fought: Holocaust memory in Spielberg's Saving Private Ryan

–Steven Spielberg's film Saving Private Ryan has been criticized for its failure to frame narrative action in terms of national, moral purpose. This criticism can be understood in terms of the constraints that the “Vietnam syndrome” places upon contemporary cinematic narratives of war; Vietnam memory subverts earnest declaration of high national principle. This essay examines how Saving Private Ryan “reillusions” American national identity in the wake of Vietnam by giving presence to an even more distant past. Supported by close textual analysis of key scenes centering upon the sole Jewish character in the film, this reading argues that the specific moral justification for waging war and accepting its horrors and sacrifices is found in a moral crusade against the Nazi program of Holocaust. By suturing the Holocaust into the film as its moral foundation, the film participates in the “Americanization” of Holocaust memory, circumvents Vietnam as a source of traumatic memory, manufactures a redemptive national identity, and constructs an ethically usable past in the present.     

Partisan Media Selectivity and Partisan Identity Threat: The Role of Social and Geographic Context

There is growing concern about the polarizing impact of citizens primarily choosing sources of political information consistent with their existing partisan perspective. Although research has begun providing answers about the consequences, questions remain about what factors drive such selective use of political media. This study conceptualizes partisanship as a social identity and the decision to selectively use like-minded political media as a method for maintenance of that identity. Using the logic of the reinforcing spirals model (Slater, 2007, 2015), we investigated partisan media selectivity as a response to identity threat. We argue the partisan composition of one’s geographic locale and the presence of partisan difference in one’s interpersonal network are common causes of identity threat, which we predict will be associated with compensatory use of partisan media. Results from national survey data generally provide support for the assertion that greater partisan media selectivity is associated with the presence of various forms of identity threat, especially for strong partisans.     

论社会记忆视角下档案馆民族档案文献遗产资源建设问题

档案馆尤其是国家综合档案馆作为传承社会记忆的文化机构,其资源建设应该包括民族档案文献遗产的内容。基于此,本文提出民族档案文献遗产资源建设的法理依据,并针对其建设现状,从法规化、标准化、集中化和数字化等方面,提出国家综合档案馆民族档案文献遗产资源建设的对策。     

INTERPRETING THE NEWS

This paper examines a news genre that is designed for the enactment of interpretive journalism: the live studio correspondent commentary on Swedish news. We trace how the role of expert commentator/interpreter of events has evolved during a 30-year period with a focus on the relation between interaction and surrounding context. How is the expert interpreter role multimodally achieved, and how do technologies enable or constrain the enactment of an expert identity in these dialogues? As we discuss our results, also basing our argument on other studies of the same interactional phenomena, we will propose that the existence of this particular news format can be related to an ongoing power struggle between journalists and politicians. We see these interactions as providing journalism with a perhaps yet underestimated powerful resource in the framing of news, and argue that they should not be written off as merely supplying lightweight, gossipy comments about politics in a glossy studio environment.